138-22-7 Usage
Description
Butyl lactate is a kind of lactate derived ester. As a kind of alpha-hydroxy acid ester, its applications in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical formulations have significantly increased due to their hygroscopic, emulsifying and exfoliating properties. It is used as a food additive because of its flavoring effect. In industry, it can be used as solvent and chemical feedstock. As a bio-based solvent, it can be used as extractant for removing 1-butanol from the aqueous fermentation broths. It can be generally manufactured through the action of lipase from various origins.
References
[1]Zheng, Shaohua, et al. "Feasibility of bio-based lactate esters as extractant for biobutanol recovery:(Liquid+ liquid) equilibria." The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 93 (2016): 127-131.
[2]Pirozzi, Domenico, and Guido Greco. "Activity and stability of lipases in the synthesis of butyl lactate." Enzyme and microbial technology 34.2 (2004): 94-100.
[3]Koutinas, Athanasios, et al. "Economic evaluation of technology for a new generation biofuel production using wastes." Bioresource technology 200 (2016): 178-185.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 138-22-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. CLEAR COLOURLESS LIQUID
2. Butyl lactate has a faintly sweet, pleasant odor with buttery, creamy, milky, sweet, mushroom undertones. Two optically
active and one racemic form of butyl lactate are known.
Occurrence
Reported found in cognac, cider and white wine.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 138-22-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. n-Butyl lactate is used as a food and feed additive.
2. Butyl lactate has been used:in the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles by a solvent emulsification–diffusion techniquein the synthesis of nanoparticles of griseofulvin from water dilutable microemulsions by the solvent diffusion techniqueas cosurfactant on the preparation of microemulsions with anionic surfactant
3. Solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, oils,
dyes, natural gums, many synthetic polymers, lac-
quers, varnishes, inks, stencil pastes, antiskin-
ning agent, chemical (intermediate), perfumes, dry-
cleaning fluids, adhesives.
Production Methods
n-Butyl lactate may be prepared via esterification of lactic
acid and n-butyl alcohol.
Preparation
The racemic d-form is prepared by reacting zinc ammonium l-lactate with n-butyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated
H2SO4; the l-form is prepared by reacting zinc ammonium d-lactate with n-butyl alcohol in the presence of HCl; the racemic form
is prepared by several methods, one being from calcium or sodium lactate and n-butyl alcohol in benzene in the presence of H2SO4,
with subsequent azeotropic distillation of the mixture.
Taste threshold values
Taste characteristic at 100 ppm: harsh and sulfuraceous with fruit notes.
General Description
A clear colorless liquid with a mild odor. Flash point 168°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent, and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Butyl lactate is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Will not polymerize [USCG, 1999].
Hazard
Toxic. Upper respiratory tract irritant.
Health Hazard
VAPOR: Headache, coughing, possible sleepiness, nausea or vomiting, or dizziness may result. LIQUID: Irritating to skin and eyes.
Safety Profile
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. A skin irritant. Toxic
concentration in air for humans is about 4
ppm. Flammable when exposed to heat or
flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To
fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry
chemical. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See
also ESTERS, n-BUTYL ALCOHOL, and
LACTIC ACID.
Potential Exposure
Butyl lactate is a liquid. Molecular
weight 5 146.19; boiling point 5 170C @ 760 mmHg;
freezing/melting point 5 243C; flash point 5 71C(oc). Autoignition temperature 5 340382C. Hazard
identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System):
Health 1; flammability 2; reactivity 0 ?. Slightly soluble in
water.
Shipping
A UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid, Technical Name
Required.
Incompatibilities
May form explosive mixture with air.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides
Waste Disposal
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 138-22-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,3 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 138-22:
(5*1)+(4*3)+(3*8)+(2*2)+(1*2)=47
47 % 10 = 7
So 138-22-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C7H14O3/c1-3-4-5-10-7(9)6(2)8/h6,8H,3-5H2,1-2H3/t6-/m0/s1
138-22-7Relevant articles and documents
-
Filachione et al.
, p. 5265 (1951)
-
Hydroxyapatite supported lewis acid catalysts for the transformation of trioses in alcohols
Zhang, Zehui,Zhao, Zongbao
, p. 70 - 73 (2011)
We prepared hydroxyapatite-supported tin(II) chloride and tin(IV) chloride Lewis acid catalysts. These catalysts showed catalytic activity for the transformation of trioses in alcohols to yield alkyl lactates. Under optimal conditions, n-butyl lactate was obtained in 73.5 yield when dihydroxyacetone and n-butanol were treated with hydroxyapatite-supported tin(II) chloride.
Zeolite-catalysed conversion of C3 sugars to alkyl lactates
Pescarmona, Paolo P.,Janssen, Kris P. F.,Delaet, Chloe,Stroobants, Christophe,Houthoofd, Kristof,Philippaerts, An,De Jonghe, Chantal,Paul, Johan S.,Jacobs, Pierre A.,Sels, Bert F.
, p. 1083 - 1089 (2010)
The direct conversion of C3 sugars (or trioses) to alkyl lactates was achieved using zeolite catalysts. This reaction represents a key step towards the efficient conversion of bio-glycerol or formaldehyde to added-value chemicals such as lactate derivatives. The highest yields and selectivities towards the desired lactate product were obtained with Ultrastable zeolite Y materials having a low Si/Al ratio and a high content of extra-framework aluminium. Correlating the types and amounts of acid sites present in the different zeolites reveals that two acid functions are required to achieve excellent catalysis. Bronsted acid sites catalyse the conversion of trioses to the reaction intermediate pyruvic aldehyde, while Lewis acid sites further assist in the intramolecular rearrangement of the aldehyde into the desired lactate ester product. The presence of strong zeolitic Bronsted acid sites should be avoided as much as possible, since they convert the intermediate pyruvic aldehyde into alkyl acetals instead of lactate esters. A tentative mechanism for the acid catalysis is proposed based on reference reactions and isotopically labelled experiments. Reusability of the USY catalyst is demonstrated for the title reaction.
Adsorption and Reactive Desorption on Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Direct Strategy for Lactic Acid Recovery
Stassin, Timothée,Reinsch, Helge,Van de Voorde, Ben,Wuttke, Stefan,Medina, Dana D.,Stock, Norbert,Bein, Thomas,Ameloot, Rob,De Vos, Dirk
, p. 643 - 650 (2017)
Biomass-derived lactic acid (LA) is an important platform chemical towards the sustainable production of numerous materials. However, the fermentation process currently in use is limited by the difficult recovery of the LA product from the fermentation broth and results in the generation of stoichiometric amounts of gypsum waste. Herein, we show that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of the UiO-66(Zr) type are effective adsorbents for the separation of LA from aqueous (buffer) solutions. These frameworks based on zirconium clusters and terephthalic acid derivatives display a tremendous uptake (up to 42 wt %) and a high affinity for LA. The latter can further be tuned by changing the hydrogen-bonding properties of the functional groups present on the organic ligand. A Rietveld refinement disclosed the specific interaction of LA with the clusters of UiO-66(Zr) and a preferential adsorption on open zirconium sites. Taking advantage of the catalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr), desorption of LA was performed in alcohols to recover up to 73 % as ester. Applied to the recovery of LA, adsorption and reactive desorption offer a direct and gypsum-free strategy as an alternative for the current multi-step process.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST COMPLEX FOR CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION
-
Paragraph 0158-0162, (2021/05/21)
Proposed is a catalyst complex having high activity for carbon dioxide conversion reaction that converts carbon dioxide to useful compounds through reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a carbon dioxide conversion process using the same, wherein the catalyst complex includes, as an active metal in the catalyst complex, at least one of noble metals and at least one of transition metals other than noble metals, thereby having high activity for the carbon dioxide conversion reaction.
Method for preparing lactate
-
Paragraph 0086-0087, (2020/06/30)
The invention relates to a method for preparing lactate. The method comprises the following steps of: contacting sugar and alcohol with a catalyst in a reactor, and reacting to obtain a lactate-containing product, wherein the molar ratio of the sugar to the alcohol is 1:(50-900), the reaction temperature is 150-250 DEG C, the reaction time is 10-50 hours, the catalyst contains a mixture of a titanium-silicon molecular sieve and a tin-silicon molecular sieve, and the weight ratio of the sugar to the mixture of the titanium-silicon molecular sieve and the tin-silicon molecular sieve based on drybasis weight is 1:(0.1-6). The method provided by the invention has high sugar conversion rate and high lactate yield.
