498-23-7Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of an Acylphosphate Driven by a Proton Gradient. A Model for H(+)-ATPase
Colton, Ian J.,Kazlauskas, Romas J.
, p. 7005 - 7006 (1992)
We describe the first model for a proton pump, H(+)-ATPase.This model uses the energy from an indirect transfer of two protons from a solution at pH 0.3 to a solution at pH 10 to drive the synthesis of a high-energy phosphate, citraconyl phosphate.
Synthesis of bio-based methacrylic acid from biomass-derived itaconic acid over barium hexa-aluminate catalyst by selective decarboxylation reaction
Bohre, Ashish,Novak, Uro?,Grilc, Miha,Likozar, Bla?
, (2019/07/31)
An environmentally-benign, efficient and inexpensive high-surface-area barium hexa-aluminate (BaAl12O19, BHA) was developed as a catalyst for the decarboxylation of the biomass-derived itaconic acid (IA) to bio-based methacrylic acid (MAA). A maximal 50% final yield of MAA with a high product selectivity was obtained under relatively mild synthesis reaction conditions (250 °C; 20 bar N2). The reported selective MAA production was elevated, operating process characteristics were significantly less harsh, and no depleting critical raw materials were utilized when paralleled to the procedures with alkaline mineral bases, noble metal-containing heterogeneous catalysis systems and unrenewable feed resources (e.g. isobutene), applied previously. It was found that the doping of palladium on BHA support (Pd@BHA) did not improve MAA productivity. The effect of the time (25–300 min), temperature (175–275 °C), pressure (10–40 bar), reacting substrate concentration (0.10–0.19 mol L–1), metallic oxide mass (0.5–3.0 g) and type on IA conversion, MAA content MAA content and rates was determined, examining also recyclability. BHA catalyst was characterized with various structural techniques, such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 physisorption.
BIO-BASED METHACRYLIC ACID AND OTHER ALKENOIC-DERIVED MONOMERS VIA CATALYTIC DECARBOXYLATION
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Paragraph 0054-0055; 0056-0057, (2018/04/26)
A novel method for the catalytic selective decarboxylation of a starting material to produce an organic acid is disclosed. According to at least one embodiment, the method may include placing a reaction mixture into a reaction vessel, the reaction mixture including a solvent, a starting material, and a catalyst, subjecting the reaction mixture to a predetermined pressure and temperature, and allowing the reaction to continue for 1-3 hours. The starting material may be at least one of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and an anhydride of a dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid. As an exemplary embodiment, itaconic acid may be a starting material and the organic acid may be methacrylic acid. The predetermined temperature may be 250° C. or less, and the reaction pressure may be less than 425 psi. Further, a polymerization inhibitor may be used.
