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D-Valine, the D-form of valine, is a non-proteinogenic isomer of the essential amino acid L-Valine. It is a white crystal with a melting point of over 295°C (sublimation) and exhibits optical activity with a specific rotation of [α]25 = +27.35°. D-Valine is soluble in water and very slightly soluble in ethanol. It serves as an important organic chiral source and plays a significant role in various applications across different industries.

640-68-6

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640-68-6 Usage

Uses

Used in Pesticide Synthesis:
D-Valine is used as a key component in the synthesis of efficient pesticides such as pyrethroids permethrin and chlorofluorocarbons amyl. The produced valine insecticide permethrin is a broad-spectrum and promising insecticide and acaricide, effective through touch-killing and stomach poisoning by inhibiting the activity of related enzyme systems in insects. This application aids in the effective control of major pests, including Lepidoptera and Diptera, in corps like cotton, fruit trees, and vegetables.
Used in Biochemical Research:
D-Valine is utilized in biochemical research for various purposes. It can inhibit the growth of fibroblasts and is applied in studies investigating its influence on the morphology and function of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Additionally, it serves as an important raw material for chiral drugs, such as those used in the synthesis of antineoplastic, anti-diabetes, and anti-diabetes complications medications.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
D-Valine is an essential chiral source in the pharmaceutical industry, playing an irreplaceable role in the asymmetric synthesis of certain chiral compounds. It is primarily used for the production of new broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as D-valinol, and as a valine protective agent during peptide synthesis processes.
Used in Chiral Synthesis:
As an optically active organic acid, D-Valine is used as a chiral source for chiral synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the development of chiral pharmaceuticals, chiral additives, and chiral auxiliaries.
Used in the Production of Fluvalinate:
D-Valine serves as an intermediate in the production of fluvalinate, an insecticide used in animal healthcare.
Used in the Synthesis of Synthetic Sweeteners:
D-Valine is also utilized in the synthesis of Alatan, a synthetic sweetener.
Used in Culture Media for Selective Growth:
D-Valine acts as a selective agent in epithelial cell cultures, as it inhibits cells that lack the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of contaminating fibroblasts in smooth muscle cells from human myometrium, thus allowing selective growth of epithelial cells.
Used in Anticancer Research:
D-Valine solution has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition and improvements in the nutritional status of AH109A hepatoma-bearing rats, indicating its potential use in anticancer research and applications.

Valine

Valine is one kinds of the essential amino acids for human being with the requirement of adult males being 10mg/(kg ? d) (FAO/WHO1973). Being lack of this product can cause neurological disorders, reduction of developmental ability as well as anemia. Valine is one of the 20 amino acids that form protein with its chemical name being 2-amino-3-methyl-butyric acid. It belongs to branched chain amino acids and is one of the eight kinds of essential amino acids and carbohydrate-producing amino acids of human body. It works together with the other two high-concentration amino acids (leucine and isoleucine) to promote the normal growth of body, tissue repair, regulate blood sugar, and provide the energy needed. When participating in intense physical activity, valine can provide extra energy to the muscles for producing glucose in order to prevent of muscle weakness. It also helps remove excess nitrogen (potentially toxic) from the liver, and transport nitrogen to all of the rest parts of the body. Valine is an essential amino acid, which means that the human body itself cannot synthesize themselves so that it must be replenished through dietary sources. Its natural food sources include cereals, dairy products, mushrooms, mushrooms, peanuts, soy protein and meat. D-Valine is also found in some actinomyces (such as valeriana). While most people can get sufficient quantities of D-valine from the diet, however, there are still many cases about valine deficiency. Upon being lack of sufficient valine, rats get limb tremors due to disorder of the central nervous system as well as ataxia. Through dissecting slices of brain tissue, it was found about the phenomenon of the red nucleus cell degeneration. Owing to the liver function damage of patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver, hyperinsulinemia is easy to occur, resulting in the reduction of branched chain amino acids in the blood. The ratio of branched-chain amino acids over aromatic amino acids decreases from 3.0-3.5 (normal body) to 1.0-1.5. It is common for using injection of branched chain amino acids such as valine in the treatment of liver failure, and the damage of alcoholism and drug abuse on these organs.

Production methods

1. DL-Acetyl-methionine is used as the raw material. It undergoes acylase splitting, and further hydrochloric acid acidification to have D-valine crystals precipitated; refined product is finally obtained through recrystallization. 2. The preparation method is to use 2-isopropyl-acetyl ethyl to react with benzene diazonium to get corresponding hydrazine compound, and then further reduce it to valine in zinc-ethanol solution and finally go through chemical or biological split.

References

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/v1255?lang=en®ion=US Gilbert, S. F., and B. R. Migeon. "D-valine as a selective agent for normal human and rodent epithelial cells in culture." Cell 5.1(1975):11. Hongpaisan, J. "Inhibition of proliferation of contaminating fibroblasts by D-valine in cultures of smooth muscle cells from human myometrium. " Cell Biology International 24.1(2000):1.

Biochem/physiol Actions

D-valine is used in cell culture as a selective inhibitor of cell proliferation, wherein it inhibits cells that lack the enzyme D-amino acid oxidase. Historically D-valine has been used to inhibit fibroblast growth while allowing selective growth of epithelial cells.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 640-68-6 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 6,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 640-68:
(5*6)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*6)+(1*8)=66
66 % 10 = 6
So 640-68-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H11NO2/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3-4H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m1/s1

640-68-6 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (V0012)  D-Valine  >98.0%(T)

  • 640-68-6

  • 1g

  • 120.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (V0012)  D-Valine  >98.0%(T)

  • 640-68-6

  • 25g

  • 595.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A18894)  D-Valine, 98+%   

  • 640-68-6

  • 5g

  • 256.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A18894)  D-Valine, 98+%   

  • 640-68-6

  • 25g

  • 857.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A18894)  D-Valine, 98+%   

  • 640-68-6

  • 100g

  • 2901.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (V1255)    suitable for cell culture, BioReagent

  • 640-68-6

  • V1255-1G

  • 210.60CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (V1255)    suitable for cell culture, BioReagent

  • 640-68-6

  • V1255-5G

  • 764.01CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (V1255)    suitable for cell culture, BioReagent

  • 640-68-6

  • V1255-25G

  • 2,724.93CNY

  • Detail
  • Vetec

  • (V900436)  D-Valine  Vetec reagent grade, 98%

  • 640-68-6

  • V900436-25G

  • 190.71CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (855987)  D-Valine  ≥98%

  • 640-68-6

  • 855987-5G

  • 307.71CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (855987)  D-Valine  ≥98%

  • 640-68-6

  • 855987-25G

  • 1,036.62CNY

  • Detail

640-68-6SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name D-valine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names H-D-Val-OH

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:640-68-6 SDS

640-68-6Synthetic route

(R)-2-azido-3-methylbutanoic acid
40224-49-5

(R)-2-azido-3-methylbutanoic acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In water; acetic acid under 760 Torr; for 3h;99%
3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine
52-67-5

3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With [4,4’-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2’-bipyridine-N1,N1‘]bis [3,5-difluoro-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl-N]phenyl-C]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate; triethyl phosphite In aq. phosphate buffer; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.5h; pH=6.5; Irradiation;96%
tert-butyl 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate
6070-59-3

tert-butyl 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
95%
[3aS-[1(S*),3aα,6α,7aβ]]-1-[(2-amino-3-methyl-1-oxo)butyl]hexahydro-8,8-dimethyl-3H-3a,6-methano-2,1-benzisothiazole-2,2-dioxide monohydrochloride

[3aS-[1(S*),3aα,6α,7aβ]]-1-[(2-amino-3-methyl-1-oxo)butyl]hexahydro-8,8-dimethyl-3H-3a,6-methano-2,1-benzisothiazole-2,2-dioxide monohydrochloride

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 3h; Hydrolysis;88%
(R)-N-benzylvaline
98575-68-9

(R)-N-benzylvaline

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In acetic acid for 24h;83%
4-<(2R,5S)-2,5-Dihydro-2-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-pyrazinyl>butylamine
129243-87-4

4-<(2R,5S)-2,5-Dihydro-2-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-pyrazinyl>butylamine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-Lysine hydrochloride
657-27-2, 10098-89-2

L-Lysine hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 70℃;A n/a
B 80%
With hydrogenchloride at 70℃;
(R)-5-isopropyl-2,2,3-trimethylimidazolidin-4-one

(R)-5-isopropyl-2,2,3-trimethylimidazolidin-4-one

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; acetic acid In water; toluene at 105℃; for 42h;64%
(R)-3-Methyl-2-(2-oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl)-butyric acid

(R)-3-Methyl-2-(2-oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl)-butyric acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; lithium In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl alcohol at -78℃; for 0.5h;62%
(R)-3-Methyl-2-((R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl)-butyric acid
206068-46-4

(R)-3-Methyl-2-((R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl)-butyric acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; lithium In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl alcohol at -78℃; for 0.5h; Birch reduction;62%
3-methyl-2-ketobutanoic acid
759-05-7

3-methyl-2-ketobutanoic acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With D-Alanine; meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; alcohol dehydrogenases from Bacillus stearothermophilus; alcohol dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter brockii; NADH In isopropyl alcohol at 35℃; for 9h; pH=8; Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction; enantioselective reaction;55.6%
With D-glucose; Bacillus subtilis glucose dehydrogenase; Symbiobacterium thermophilum meso-Diaminopimelate dehydrogenase W121L/H227I mutant; NADP; ammonium chloride In aq. buffer at 37℃; for 24h; pH=8.5; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction;52%
With D-amino acid transaminase; D-Alanine; R-selective ω-transaminase from Arthrobacter sp; (3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinic acid 5-phosphate; isopropylamine In aq. phosphate buffer for 7h; pH=7;n/a
With D-Glucose; Bacillus megaterium glucose dehydrogenase; ammonia; Symbiobacterium thermophilum mesodiaminopimelate dehydrogenase Enzymatic reaction;n/a
3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine
52-67-5

3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
nickel In water for 1h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; further amounts of catalyst;A 45%
B n/a
(-)-1-<(1-cyano-2-methylpropyl)amino>-2R-methyl-5R-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane-1R,3R-dicarbonitrile
155385-84-5

(-)-1-<(1-cyano-2-methylpropyl)amino>-2R-methyl-5R-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane-1R,3R-dicarbonitrile

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 110℃; for 12h;23%
N-((1R)-1-{[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-methylpropyl)-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]benzamide

N-((1R)-1-{[(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-methylpropyl)-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]benzamide

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride for 6h; Heating;11%
D,L-valine
516-06-3

D,L-valine

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
durch Vergaerung mit Hefe unter Zusatz von Zucker;
mit Hilfe eines Enzym-Praeparats aus Crotalus adamanteus;
crystallization with L-Phe (1:2 ratio) from water-ethanol (pH 5-6) at 0 deg C;
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With brucine anschliessend Hydrolyse des erhaltenen Formyl-l-valins mit 10prozentiger Bromwasserstoffsaeure;
N-chloroacetyl-D-valine
53518-63-1

N-chloroacetyl-D-valine

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride Hydrolysis;
In water at 37℃; for 0.166667h; Rate constant; D-aminocyclase from Alcaligenes denitrificans DA181, pH 7.8, bovine serum albumin;
2-iodo-propane
75-30-9

2-iodo-propane

Glycine tert-butyl ester
6456-74-2

Glycine tert-butyl ester

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
(R)-2-Amino-1-((1S,5R,7R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxo-3λ6-thia-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-4-yl)-3-methyl-butan-1-one

(R)-2-Amino-1-((1S,5R,7R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxo-3λ6-thia-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-4-yl)-3-methyl-butan-1-one

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium hydroxide; ion exchange 1.) THF; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
(3R,6R)-2,5-diethoxy-6-isopropyl-3-<1'-13C>-carboxymethyl-3-methyl-6-hydropyrazine
133444-95-8

(3R,6R)-2,5-diethoxy-6-isopropyl-3-<1'-13C>-carboxymethyl-3-methyl-6-hydropyrazine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

(2R)-<1-13C>-2-amino-2-methylmalonic acid
129145-03-5

(2R)-<1-13C>-2-amino-2-methylmalonic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide 1) CH3CN, RT, 18h, 2) 70 deg C, 15 min; Multistep reaction;
δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-serine-D-valine
74784-08-0, 133444-29-8

δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-serine-D-valine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-serin
56-45-1

L-serin

C

L-homoglutamic acid
1118-90-7

L-homoglutamic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 110℃; for 21h; Product distribution;
(R)-3-Methyl-2-((S)-1-phenyl-ethylamino)-butyric acid
42454-74-0

(R)-3-Methyl-2-((S)-1-phenyl-ethylamino)-butyric acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium hydroxide - carbon for 24h; Yield given;
D,L-valine
516-06-3

D,L-valine

(S)-2-{(N-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonylamino}benzaldehyde
82704-14-1

(S)-2-{(N-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonylamino}benzaldehyde

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium methylate; nickel(II) nitrate Product distribution; 1.) MeOH, 40 deg C, 24 h, 2.) reflux;
D,L-valine
516-06-3

D,L-valine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
resolution of underivatized amino acids enantiomers by liquid chromatography using a chiral eluant Cu(L-Pro)2 and a reversed-phase column; other chiral eluants, pH dependence;
(2S,5S)-N-<(S)-N-bis(methylthio)methylenevalyl>-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxymethyl)pyrrolidine
108437-93-0

(2S,5S)-N-<(S)-N-bis(methylthio)methylenevalyl>-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxymethyl)pyrrolidine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride for 4h; Heating; Yield given;
(R)-2-[((R)-Carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-3-methyl-butyric acid
112496-42-1

(R)-2-[((R)-Carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-3-methyl-butyric acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal
(S)-2-<(R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino>-3-methylbutanoic acid
145058-01-1

(S)-2-<(R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino>-3-methylbutanoic acid

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With formic acid In methanol; water Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
(2R,2'R)-N-(2'-amino-3'-methylbutanoyl)bornane-10,2-sultam hydrochloride
129568-82-7

(2R,2'R)-N-(2'-amino-3'-methylbutanoyl)bornane-10,2-sultam hydrochloride

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium hydroxide; Amberlite IR-120 1) THF, room temperature, 2) H2O, room temperature, 15 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
(3S,6R)-2,5-dimethoxy-3-((2'R)-methoxypropionyl)-6-isopropyl-3,6-dihydropyrazine

(3S,6R)-2,5-dimethoxy-3-((2'R)-methoxypropionyl)-6-isopropyl-3,6-dihydropyrazine

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

(2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid
6061-13-8

(2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid

C

erythro-β-methyl-L-aspartate
7298-96-6

erythro-β-methyl-L-aspartate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide 1.) acetonitrile, RT, 12 h, 2.) acetonitrile, 70 deg C, 15 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
glycine
56-40-6

glycine

isopropyl bromide
75-26-3

isopropyl bromide

A

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

B

L-valine
72-18-4

L-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide; S-2-N-(N'-benzylprolyl)aminibenzophenone; sodium methylate 1.) methanol, 2.) DMF, 20 deg C, 30 min, 3.) methanol, reflux; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(R)-(-)-valine ethyl ester hydrochloride

(R)-(-)-valine ethyl ester hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride for 4h; Heating;100%
With thionyl chloride
With thionyl chloride at 20℃;
nicotinic acid
59-67-6

nicotinic acid

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(R)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-1-aminium nicotinate

(R)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-1-aminium nicotinate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water for 0.166667h; pH=Ca. 3.3 - 3.9; Cooling with ice;100%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

benzaldehyde
100-52-7

benzaldehyde

C12H15NO2

C12H15NO2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene for 4h; Reflux;99.8%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(R)-2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid
17407-56-6

(R)-2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid; water; sodium nitrite at 60℃; Flow reactor;99%
With sulfuric acid; sodium nitrite In water at 60℃; under 5171.62 Torr; Inert atmosphere;80%
With sulfuric acid; sodium nitrite In water at 0 - 20℃; for 12h;65%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

Boc-D-Val-OH
22838-58-0

Boc-D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In tetrahydrofuran; water for 16h; Reflux;99%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water94%
With sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water for 2h;92%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
32315-10-9

bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate

D-valine N-carboxy anhydride
43089-05-0

D-valine N-carboxy anhydride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran at 45 - 50℃;99%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

3-chloro-4-fluoro benzotrifluoride
78068-85-6

3-chloro-4-fluoro benzotrifluoride

2-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-toluidino)-3-methylbutyric acid
76338-73-3

2-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-toluidino)-3-methylbutyric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate99%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

3-carbamoyl-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride
53406-00-1

3-carbamoyl-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride

C11H15N2O3(1+)

C11H15N2O3(1+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In methanol at 20℃; for 24h;98.5%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

D-Valine methyl ester hydrochloride
7146-15-8

D-Valine methyl ester hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride 1.) -15 deg C, 40 min, 2.) 40 deg C, 2 h;98%
With thionyl chloride at 20℃;96%
With thionyl chloride at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;94%
n-dodecanoyl chloride
112-16-3

n-dodecanoyl chloride

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

N-lauroyl-D-valine
14379-29-4

N-lauroyl-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: D-Val-OH With pyridine; chloro-trimethyl-silane In dichloromethane for 1.16667h;
Stage #2: n-dodecanoyl chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1.83333h; Enzymatic reaction;
98%
Stage #1: n-dodecanoyl chloride; D-Val-OH With sodium hydroxide In water; acetone at 0 - 5℃;
Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water; acetone pH=1;
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Λ-[Ir(2-phenylquinoline)2(MeCN)2](PF6)

Λ-[Ir(2-phenylquinoline)2(MeCN)2](PF6)

Δ-[Ir(pq)2(D-val)]

Δ-[Ir(pq)2(D-val)]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium methylate In methanol at 20℃; for 12h; Darkness;98%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

2,2,2-trifluoroethyl chloroformate
27746-99-2

2,2,2-trifluoroethyl chloroformate

N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl)-D-valine

N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl)-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 5 - 10℃; for 1h; pH=12;97.3%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(1S,3E)-5-<(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy>-1-<(1R,2E)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenyl>-5-oxo-3-pentenyl-(2S)-<3-<<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy>-4-methylpentanoate
188346-51-2

(1S,3E)-5-<(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy>-1-<(1R,2E)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenyl>-5-oxo-3-pentenyl-(2S)-<3-<<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy>-4-methylpentanoate

N-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-2,2-dimethyl-β-alanyl-(2S)-2-hydroxy-4-(methylpentanoyl)-(2E,5S,6R,7E)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2,7-octadienoyl-D-valine
240428-49-3

N-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>-2,2-dimethyl-β-alanyl-(2S)-2-hydroxy-4-(methylpentanoyl)-(2E,5S,6R,7E)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2,7-octadienoyl-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)-acetamide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 55 - 60℃;96%
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(R)-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid
899900-52-8

(R)-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen In water at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 120h;96%
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In water at 20℃;
With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen In water at 20℃; for 120h;
With sodium cyanoborohydride In water for 0.5h; Cooling with ice;
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl chloride
28920-43-6

(fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl chloride

N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-D-valine
84624-17-9

N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 0 - 20℃;96%
With sodium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane; water at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

isopropyl alcohol
67-63-0

isopropyl alcohol

Val-O-iPr+ (Cl-)

Val-O-iPr+ (Cl-)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride at 0℃; Reflux;95%
With hydrogenchloride
With hydrogenchloride
[Pd(2-phenylpyridine-C(2),N')(μ-Cl)]2
135681-05-9, 20832-86-4

[Pd(2-phenylpyridine-C(2),N')(μ-Cl)]2

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Pd(NC5H4C6H4)(NH2CH(CH(CH3)2)CO2)

Pd(NC5H4C6H4)(NH2CH(CH(CH3)2)CO2)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With NaOMe In methanol N2-atmosphere; dropwise addn. of 1 equiv. NaOMe to aminoacid, gentle heating to dissoln., addn. of stoich. amt. Pd-complex, stirring for 14-18 h; centrifugation, solvent removal (vac.), extn. into DMF, solvent removal (vac.), washing (water), drying (vac., 60°C, 9 h); elem. anal.;95%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

benzyl chloroformate
501-53-1

benzyl chloroformate

Z-D-proline
6404-31-5

Z-D-proline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide at 0℃;95%
dichlorotricarbonylruthenium(II) dimer

dichlorotricarbonylruthenium(II) dimer

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Ru(CO)3Cl-D-valinate

Ru(CO)3Cl-D-valinate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium methylate In methanol at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;94.8%
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

butane-2,3-dione mono-oxime
135636-66-7

butane-2,3-dione mono-oxime

(R)-2-(4,5-Dimethyl-3-oxy-imidazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-butyric acid
122459-37-4

(R)-2-(4,5-Dimethyl-3-oxy-imidazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-butyric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol for 3h; Heating;94%
bromochlorobenzene
106-39-8

bromochlorobenzene

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(4-chlorophenyl)-D-valine

(4-chlorophenyl)-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With D-myo-inositol; copper; caesium carbonate In water at 100℃; for 10h;94%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

benzyl chloroformate
501-53-1

benzyl chloroformate

N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-D-valine
1685-33-2

N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-D-valine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate Acylation;93%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate at 0 - 20℃;93%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate at 0 - 20℃;93%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

trichloromethyl chloroformate
503-38-8

trichloromethyl chloroformate

D-valine N-carboxy anhydride
43089-05-0

D-valine N-carboxy anhydride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrographite In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 1h;93%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

toluene-4-sulfonic acid
104-15-4

toluene-4-sulfonic acid

Toluene-4-sulfonic acid; compound with (R)-2-amino-3-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester

Toluene-4-sulfonic acid; compound with (R)-2-amino-3-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With p-toluenesulfonyl chloride for 20h; Heating;93%
phthalic anhydride
85-44-9

phthalic anhydride

D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In toluene Heating;92%
at 150℃;
With triethylamine In toluene Reflux; Inert atmosphere;
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

(R)-2-amino-3-methylbutanol
4276-09-9

(R)-2-amino-3-methylbutanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium borohydride; chloro-trimethyl-silane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.25h; Reduction;92%
With sodium tetrahydroborate; iodine In tetrahydrofuran Inert atmosphere;91%
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 17h; Reflux;74%
D-Val-OH
640-68-6

D-Val-OH

isobutyraldehyde
78-84-2

isobutyraldehyde

butane-2,3-dione mono-oxime
135636-66-7

butane-2,3-dione mono-oxime

1-α-Carboxyisobutyl-2-isopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-3-oxid
133286-87-0

1-α-Carboxyisobutyl-2-isopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-3-oxid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetic acid for 1h; Heating;92%

640-68-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Polyketides, diketopiperazines and an isochromanone from the marine-derived fungal strain Fusarium graminearum FM1010 from Hawaii

Cao, Shugeng,Sarotti, Ariel M.,Uz Zaman, KH Ahammad,Wu, Xiaohua

, (2022/03/09)

The fungal strain Fusarium graminearum FM1010 was isolated from a shallow-water volcanic rock known as “live rock” at the Carl Smith Beach, Hilo, Hawaii. Eleven specialised metabolites, including two undescribed diketopiperazines, three undescribed polyketides, and one undescribed isochromanone, along with five known fusarielin derivatives were obtained from F. graminearum FM1010. The structures of the six undescribed compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, chemical reactions, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Kaneoheoic acids G-I showed mild inhibitory activity against S. aureus with the MIC values in the range of 20–40 μg/mL when assayed in combination with chloramphenicol (half of the MIC, 1 μg/mL), an FDA approved antibiotic. Kaneoheoic acid I exhibited both anti-proliferative activity against ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and TNF-α induced NF-κB inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 18.52 and 15.86 μM, respectively.

Single-Cell-Based Screening and Engineering of d -Amino Acid Amidohydrolases Using Artificial Amidophenol Substrates and Microbial Biosensors

An, Jung-Ung,Kim, Haseong,Kwon, Kil Koang,Lee, Dae-Hee,Lee, Hyewon,Lee, Jin-Young,Lee, Seung-Goo,Park, Sung Hyun,Rha, Eugene,Yeom, Soo-Jin

, p. 1203 - 1211 (2022/01/27)

Enantiomerically pure d-amino acids are important intermediates as chiral building blocks for peptidomimetics and semisynthetic antibiotics. Here, a transcriptional factor-based screening strategy was used for the rapid screening of d-stereospecific amino acid amidase via an enzyme-specific amidophenol substrate. We used a d-threonine amidophenyl derivative to produce 2-aminophenol that serves as a putative enzyme indicator in the presence of d-threonine amidases. Comparative analyses of known bacterial species indicated that several Bacillus strains produce amidase and form putative indicators in culture media. The estimated amidase was cloned and subjected to rapid directed evolution through biosensor cells. Consequently, we characterized the F119A mutation that significantly improved the catalytic activity toward d-alanine, d-threonine, and d-glutamate. Its beneficial effects were confirmed by higher conversions and recurrent applications of the mutant enzyme, compared to the wild-type. This study showed that rapid directed evolution with biosensors coupled to designed substrates is useful to develop biocatalytic processes.

Inherently chiral dialkyloxy-calix[4]arene acetic acids as enantiodiscriminating additives for high-performance liquid chromatography separation of d,l-amino acids

Kalchenko, Olga I.,Trybrat, Oleksandr O.,Yesypenko, Oleksandr A.,Dyakonenko, Viktoriya V.,Shishkina, Svitlana V.,Kalchenko, Vitali I.

, p. 722 - 730 (2021/08/26)

Inherently chiral dialkyloxy-calix[4]arene acetic acids with asymmetric placement of substituents on the lower rim of the macrocycle were first studied as enantiodiscriminating additives to the mobile phase MeCN/H2O/HCOOH (75/25/0.02 by volume) in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of d,l-alanine and d,l-valine on the achiral stationary phase ZORBAX Original CN. The dependence of enantio-binding properties on the position of alkyl groups is demonstrated. The highest resolution (1.65) and enantioselectivity (1.80) were obtained for the 1,2-dipropyloxy-calix[4]arene acetic acid.

Simultaneous Preparation of (S)-2-Aminobutane and d -Alanine or d -Homoalanine via Biocatalytic Transamination at High Substrate Concentration

Li, Jianjiong,Wang, Yingang,Wu, Qiaqing,Yao, Peiyuan,Yu, Shanshan,Zhu, Dunming

supporting information, (2022/03/01)

(S)-2-Aminobutane, d-alanine, and d-homoalanine are important intermediates for the production of various active pharmaceutical ingredients and food additives. The preparation of these small chiral amine or amino acids with high water solubility still demands searching for efficient methods. In this work, we identified an ω-transaminase (ω-TA) from Sinirhodobacter hungdaonensis (ShdTA) that catalyzed the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-aminobutane at a concentration of 800 mM using pyruvate as the amino acceptor, leading to the simultaneous isolation of enantiopure (S)-2-aminobutane and d-alanine in 46% and 90% yield, respectively. In addition, (S)-2-aminobutane (98% ee) and d-homoalanine (99% ee) were isolated in 45% and 93% yield, respectively, in the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-aminobutane at a concentration of 400 mM coupled with deamination of l-threonine by threonine deaminase. We thus developed a biocatalytic process for the practical synthesis of these valuable small chiral amine and d-amino acids.

A new amide from the marine sponge Haliclona baeri

Cui, Le-Zhi,Lei, Yu,Liao, Xiao-Jian,Wang, Can-Bin,Xiao, Yan-Fang,Xu, Jia-Yi,Xu, Shi-Hai,Zhao, Bing-Xin

supporting information, (2021/07/06)

A new amide, baeriamide (1), along with nine known diketopiperazines (2-10), was isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona baeri. Their structures were identified by the means of UV, IR, MS and NMR. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by Marfey’s method and comparing the specific optical rotation with the known compound HCO-Val-Gly methyl ester. Compound 1 was derived from dehydration of formylated L-valine with γ-amino-butanoic acid methyl ester. Compounds 2-10 were isolated from the genus of Haliclona for the first time. The absolute confirmation of 7 was confirmed first by the means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral and antifouling activities of these compounds were also tested. However, none of them exhibited significant bioactivities.

Targeted Isolation of Asperheptatides from a Coral-Derived Fungus Using LC-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking and Antitubercular Activities of Modified Cinnamate Derivatives

Chao, Rong,Hou, Xue-Mei,Xu, Wei-Feng,Hai, Yang,Wei, Mei-Yan,Wang, Chang-Yun,Gu, Yu-Cheng,Shao, Chang-Lun

, p. 11 - 19 (2021/01/14)

Under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking, four new cycloheptapeptides, namely, asperheptatides A-D (1-4), were isolated together with three known analogues, asperversiamide A-C (5-7), from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. The planar structures of the two major compounds, asperheptatides A and B (1 and 2), were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues were determined by advanced Marfey's method. The two structurally related trace metabolites, asperheptatides C and D (3 and 4), were characterized by ESI-MS/MS fragmentation methods. A series of new derivatives (8-26) of asperversiamide A (5) were semisynthesized. The antitubercular activities of 1, 2, and 5-26 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra were also evaluated. Compounds 9, 13, 23, and 24 showed moderate activities with MIC values of 12.5 μM, representing a potential new class of antitubercular agents.

Exploration of Transaminase Diversity for the Oxidative Conversion of Natural Amino Acids into 2-Ketoacids and High-Value Chemicals

Chen, Yanchun,Cui, Xuexian,Cui, Yinglu,Li, Chuijian,Li, Ruifeng,Li, Tao,Sun, Jinyuan,Wu, Bian,Zhu, Tong

, p. 7950 - 7957 (2020/08/21)

The use of 2-ketoacids is very common in feeds, food additives, and pharmaceuticals, and 2-ketoacids are valuable precursors for a plethora of chemically diverse compounds. Biocatalytic synthesis of 2-ketoacids starting from l-amino acids would be highly desirable because the substrates are readily available from biomass feedstock. Here, we report bioinformatic exploration of a series of aminotransferases (ATs) to achieve the desired conversion. Thermodynamic control was achieved by coupling an l-glutamate oxidation reaction in the cascade for the recycling of the amine acceptor. These enzymes were able to convert a majority of proteinogenic amino acids into the corresponding 2-ketoacids with high conversion (up to 99percent) and atom-efficiency. Furthermore, this enzyme cascade was extendable, and one-pot two-step processes were established for the synthesis of d-amino acids and N-methylated amino acids, achieving great overall conversion (up to 99percent) and high ee values (>99percent). These developed enzymatic methodologies offer convenient routes for utilizing amino acids as synthetic reagents.

Krisynomycins, Imipenem Potentiators against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Produced by Streptomyces canus

De La Cruz, Mercedes,Genilloud, Olga,González, Ignacio,Martín, Jesús,Oves-Costales, Daniel,Pérez-Bonilla, Mercedes,Reyes, Fernando,Vicente, Francisca

, p. 2597 - 2606 (2020/10/12)

A reinvestigation of the acetone extract of the strain CA-091830 of Streptomyces canus, producer of the imipenem potentiator krisynomycin, resulted in the isolation of two additional analogues, krisynomycins B (1) and C (2), with different chlorination patterns. Genome sequencing of the strain followed by detailed bioinformatics analysis led to the identification of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of this cyclic nonribosomal peptide family. The planar structure of the new molecules was determined using HRMS, ESI-qTOF-MS/MS, and 1D and 2D NMR data. Their absolute configuration was proposed using a combination of Marfey's and bioinformatic BGC analyses. The krisynomycins displayed weak to negligible antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was significantly enhanced when tested in combination with sublethal concentrations of imipenem. The halogenation pattern plays a key role in the antimicrobial activity and imipenem-potentiating effects of the compounds, with molecules having a higher number of chlorine atoms potentiating the effect of imipenem at lower doses.

Homogeneous palladium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of 5-methylenhydantoin for the synthesis of L-Valine

Agbossou-Niedercorn, Francine,Bellière-Baca, Virginie,Hayouni, Safa,Michon, Christophe,Morvan, Didier

supporting information, (2020/10/18)

In this article, we present the development of a synthetic methodology based on homogeneous catalysis for the preparation of enantioenriched L-Valine aminoacid. The enantioselective hydrogenation of 5-methylenhydantoin has been developed through broad screenings of chiral ligands, metal precursors and reaction conditions including scale-up experiments and recyclability studies. A palladium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 5-methylenhydantoin afforded the corresponding hydrogenated product in a 70% enantiomeric excess using a substrate/catalyst ratio of 500/1. A partial racemization was observed upon hydrolysis and recovery of L-Valine.

Preparation and characterization of a new open-tubular capillary column for enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography

Li, Yingjie,Tang, Yimin,Qin, Shili,Li, Xue,Dai, Qiang,Gao, Lidi

, p. 283 - 292 (2019/02/05)

In order to use the enantioseparation capability of cationic cyclodextrin and to combine the advantages of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with open-tubular (OT) column, in this study, a new OT-CEC, coated with cationic cyclodextrin (1-allylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin [AI-β-CD]) as chiral stationary phase (CSP), was prepared and applied for enantioseparation. Synthesized AI-β-CD was characterized by infrared (IR) spectrometry and mass spectrometry (MS). The preparation conditions for the AI-β-CD-coated column were optimized with the orthogonal experiment design L9(34). The column prepared was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis (EA). The results showed that the thickness of stationary phase in the inner surface of the AI-β-CD-coated columns was about 0.2 to 0.5?μm. The AI-β-CD content in stationary phase based on the EA was approximately 2.77?mmol·m?2. The AI-β-CD-coated columns could separate all 14 chiral compounds (histidine, lysine, arginine, glutamate, aspartic acid, cysteine, serine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, salbutamol, atenolol, ibuprofen, and napropamide) successfully in the study and exhibit excellent reproducibility and stability. We propose that the column, coated with AI-β-CD, has a great potential for enantioseparation in OT-CEC.

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