7446-81-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A Kinetic Study of Poly(acrylic acid)-Copper(II) Interactions in Aqueous Solutions
Yamada, Ryuichi,Tamura, Kiyoshi,Harada, Shoji,Yasunaga, Tatsuya
, p. 3413 - 3416 (1982)
Concentration-jump kinetic studies of the aqueous poly(acrylic acid)-copper(II) system reveal the presence of a relaxation phenomenon in the time range of 102 ms.Kinetic data under various pH's and compositions, together with the potentiometric results, indicate that this relaxation effect is due to the following complex-formation reaction: where L23- is a coordination unit consisting of two adjacent carboxylato side groups on the polymer chain.The specific features of the pH dependence of the τ-1 value are discussed in relation to the degree of dissociation of the carboxyl groups.The rate and stability constants of the reaction are determined to be: k2 = 5.6 * 103 M-1 s-1 (1M = 1 mol dm-3), k-2 = 0.7 s-1, and K2 (=k2/k-2) = 7.9 * 103, at pH 7.0, I ca. 0, and 25 deg C.The overall complex-formation mechanism, involving the very rapid formation of CuL2, is discussed.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2-Bis(di- iso-propylphosphino)benzene Nickel Complexes: A Study of Catalytic CO2-Ethylene Coupling
Hopkins, Melissa N.,Shimmei, Kenichi,Uttley, Katherine B.,Bernskoetter, Wesley H.
, p. 3573 - 3580 (2018)
The utilization of renewable carbon dioxide resources in the production of commercial chemicals has been at the center of efforts to improve the sustainability of many widely used consumer products. The catalytic coupling of CO2 with ethylene to generate acrylates is one such avenue of research. Despite decades of investigations, catalytic CO2-ethylene coupling has only recently been experimentally demonstrated. The development of a new nickel-based catalyst, 1,2-bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)benzene nickel(0) 1,5-cyclooctadiene, for acrylate production is detailed here. The stoichiometric reactivity of the catalyst toward the CO2, ethylene, and base reagents, as well as the coordination chemistry of likely catalytic intermediates has been examined. Comparative catalytic experiments were used to identify the influence of commonly employed additives, such as metallic zinc and Lewis acidic salts, on the catalytic CO2-ethylene coupling reaction. In addition, catalytic comparisons of the 1,2-bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)benzene nickel(0) 1,5-cyclooctadiene species with a similar previously reported catalyst under newly developed conditions afforded turnover numbers greater than 400, an approximately 4-fold increase over the highest activity reported to date. Significantly, the catalytic trials reveal that small changes in the catalytic conditions and additives can have substantial effects on productivity and that these influences are not uniform with respect to catalyst platforms.
Vinyl monomers-induced synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized selenium nanoparticles
Shah, Chetan P.,Singh, Krishan K.,Kumar, Manmohan,Bajaj, Parma N.
, p. 56 - 62 (2010)
A simple wet chemical method has been developed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (size 100-200 nm), by reaction of sodium selenosulphate precursor with different vinyl monomers, such as acrylamide, N,N′-dimethylene bis acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, sodium acrylate, etc., in aqueous medium, under ambient conditions. Polyvinyl alcohol has been used to stabilize the selenium nanoparticles. Average size of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting concentration of both the precursors and the stabilizer. Rate of the reaction as well as size of the resultant selenium nanoparticles have been correlated with the functional groups of the different monomers. UV-vis optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-rays, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been employed to characterize the synthesized selenium nanoparticles. Gas chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture established the non-catalytic role of the vinyl monomers, which were found to be consumed during the course of the reaction.
Copolymerization of sodium acrylate with new acrylamide derivatives in the presence of water-soluble salts
Eritsyan,Barsegyan, Zh. B.,Manukyan, Sh. M.,Karapetyan
, p. 1253 - 1256 (2011)
Copolymerization of sodium acrylate with new acrylamide derivatives was studied. The copolymerization constants r1 and r2 of the monomers and the molecular weights of the copolymers were determined.
Ancillary Ligand and Base Influences on Nickel-Catalyzed Coupling of CO2 and Ethylene to Acrylate
Uttley, Katherine B.,Shimmei, Kenichi,Bernskoetter, Wesley H.
, p. 1573 - 1579 (2020)
The coupling of CO2 and ethylene to produce acrylates has been an area of increasing interest in recent years following a number of studies which have empirically improved catalytic turnover. Notably, the incorporation of moderately Br?nsted and Lewis basic sodium phenoxide salts, as well as zinc dust, and Lewis acidic lithium salts were found to facilitate acrylate formation in batch catalysis. Despite these advances, there has been limited investigation into the effect of the catalyst ancillary ligand and phenoxide base structure on catalytic performance. Here, a collection of 1,2-bis(dialkylphosphino)benzene and related diphosphine ligands were used to show that the influence of steric environs has a marked effect on turnover. Ancillary diphosphine ligands featuring at least two smaller alkyl substituents are needed for strong activity, while the oft-used benzene annulation of the diphosphine does not appear to be determinant in achieving high turnover values. Additionally, the investigation of a collection of substituted sodium phenoxide bases suggests that a subtle balance of basicity and steric factors must be satisfied to obtain optimal catalytic performance. These trends appear to result from competitive, deleterious nucleophilic reactions between base and CO2 to produce carbonate and the need to maintain sufficient basicity and access to the metal coordination sphere to drive the endergonic CO2-ethylene coupling reaction.
Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sodium Acrylate from Ethylene, CO2, and Phenolate Bases: Optimization of the Catalytic System for a Potential Process
Manzini, Simone,Huguet, Núria,Trapp, Oliver,Schaub, Thomas
, p. 7122 - 7130 (2015)
The synthesis of sodium acrylate through catalytic carboxylation of ethylene with CO2 in the presence of a base is a reaction of high interest. To develop a more efficient and sustainable method to access this valuable acrylate monomer, we optimized the system in a one-step homogeneous nickel- or palladium-catalyzed reaction, without the need for stoichiometric amounts of an additional reducing agent. Suitable nontoxic solvents such as anisole instead of the previously reported tetrahydrofuran or chlorobenzene were found to lead to acrylate formation. In combination with appropriate phenolate bases, this could allow a rational process concept for a simple catalyst recycling, product separation, and base regeneration. The carboxylation of ethylene with CO2 in the presence of phenolate bases to give sodium acrylate was improved to develop the basis for a continuous process concept. The homogeneous nickel- or palladium-catalyzed transformation does not require stoichiometric reductants, and appropriate solvents as well as bases were identified that are suitable for a first recycling protocol.
Highly Efficient Biobased Synthesis of Acrylic Acid
Feringa, Ben L.,Hermens, Johannes G. H.,Jensma, Andries
supporting information, (2021/12/16)
Petrochemical based polymers, paints and coatings are cornerstones of modern industry but our future sustainable society demands greener processes and renewable feedstock materials. A challenge is to access platform monomers from biomass resources while integrating the principles of green chemistry in their chemical synthesis. We present a synthesis route starting from biomass-derived furfural towards the commonly used monomers maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, implementing environmentally benign photooxygenation, aerobic oxidation and ethenolysis reactions. Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, transformed into sodium acrylate, were isolated in yields of 85 % (2 steps) and 81 % (4 steps), respectively. With minimal waste and high atom efficiency, this biobased route provides a viable alternative to access key monomers.
Powder composition for pack and manufacturing method thereof, microgel for sherbet-shaped beauty pack utilizing the powder composition, and manufacturing method thereof
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Paragraph 0028; 0075-0076, (2021/01/28)
The present invention relates to a powder composition for a pack, a method for manufacturing the same, sherbet-type microgel for a cosmetic pack using the powder composition, and a method for manufacturing the microgel. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a powder composition for a pack which has excellent swelling properties and elastic modulus, exhibits appropriate viscosity, has excellent adsorption and moisturizing power, and at the same time, exhibits an excellent cooling effect; a method or manufacturing the same; sherbet-type microgel for a cosmetic pack using the powder composition; and a method for manufacturing the microgel.
CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN α,β-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID SALT
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Page/Page column 31-34, (2021/09/26)
A catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising a) contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst, an organic solvent, and an alkoxide having a secondary or tertiary carbon atom directly bound to an [O-] group, to obtain a crude reaction product comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol by-product which is the conjugate acid of the alkoxide, b) allowing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt to precipitate out from the crude reaction product; and c) subjecting at least part of the crude reaction product to a mechanical separation step while maintaining the alcohol by-product in liquid form to obtain a solid phase comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and a liquid phase comprising the carboxylation catalyst, the organic solvent and the alcohol by-product. The process allows for easy separation of the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt by a mechanical separation operation.
Simple method for preparing 3-methylthiopropionic acid
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Paragraph 0013; 0015; 0017, (2019/05/02)
The invention relates to a simple method for preparing 3-methylthiopropionic acid. The method comprises taking acrylic acid and sodium methyl mercaptide as raw materials for reaction in alkaline aqueous solution at 30-60 DEG C for 2-5, performing acidification by concentrated sulfuric acid and extraction by organic solvent to separate out organic phase, and performing normal-temperature distillation to recover the solvent and reduced-pressure distillation to obtain the 3-methylthiopropionic acid. The simple method for preparing the 3-methylthiopropionic acid is low in cost, simple in operation, high in yield and purity of prepared products and applicable to industrial production.
