- Ligand compound for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, catalytic system and coupling reaction
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The invention provides a ligand compound capable of being used for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, the ligand compound is a three-class compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group, and the invention also provides a catalytic system for the aryl halide coupling reaction. Thecatalytic system comprises a copper catalyst, a compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group adopted as a ligand, alkali and a solvent, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a system for the aryl halide coupling reaction adopting the catalyst system. The compound containing the 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen oxygen group can be used as the ligand for the copper catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction, and the ligand is stable under a strong alkaline condition and can well maintain catalytic activity when being used for the copper-catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction. In addition, the copper catalyst adopting the compound as the ligand can particularly effectively promote coupling of copper catalyzed aryl chloride and various nucleophilic reagents which are difficult to generate under conventional conditions, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds are generated, and numerous useful small molecule compounds are synthesized. Therefore, the aryl halide coupling reaction has a very good large-scale application prospect by adopting the copper catalysis system of the ligand.
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Paragraph 0111-0118; 0121
(2021/05/29)
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- Methnaridine is an orally bioavailable, fast-killing and long-acting antimalarial agent that cures Plasmodium infections in mice
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Background and Purpose: Malaria is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Novel chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required to combat the widespread Plasmodium resistance to frontline drugs. Here, we report the discovery of a novel benzonaphthyridine antimalarial, methnaridine, which was identified using a structural optimization strategy. Experimental Approach: An integrated pharmacological approach was used to evaluate the antimalarial profile of methnaridine. The pharmacokinetic properties of methnaridine were investigated along with the associated safety profile. Host immune response patterns were also analysed. Key Results: Methnaridine exhibited potent antimalarial activity against P. falciparum (3D7: IC50 = 0.0066 μM; Dd2: IC50 = 0.0056 μM). In P. berghei-infected mice, oral administration effectively suppressed parasitemia (ED50 = 0.52 mg·kg?1·day?1) and cured the established infection (CD50 = 10.13 mg·kg?1·day?1). These results are equivalent to or better than those of other antimalarial agents in clinical use. Notably, a four-dose oral regimen at a dosage of 25 mg·kg?1 achieved a complete cure of P. berghei infection in mice. Methnaridine exhibited a rapid parasiticidal profile (PCT99 = 36.0 h) and showed no cross-resistance to chloroquine. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that methnaridine is readily absorbed, long-lasting and slowly cleared. The safety profile of methnaridine is also satisfactory (maximum tolerated dose = 1,125 mg·kg?1). In addition, following methnaridine treatment, infection-induced Th1 immune response was almost fully alleviated in mice. Conclusion and Implications: Methnaridine is an orally bioavailable, fast-acting and long-lasting agent with excellent antimalarial properties. Our study highlights the potential of methnaridine for clinical development as a promising antimalarial candidate.
- Wang, Weisi,Yao, Junmin,Chen, Zhuo,Sun, Yiming,Shi, Yuqing,Wei, Yufen,Zhou, Hejun,Yu, Yingfang,Li, Shizhu,Duan, Liping
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p. 5569 - 5579
(2020/11/03)
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- Photochemical synthesis method of heteroarylamine compounds
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The invention provides a photochemical synthesis method of heteroarylamine compounds. The photochemical synthesis method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing raw materials including heteroaryl nitro compounds, a solvent and a photocatalyst to obtain a mixture; and S2, carrying out a photocatalytic reduction reaction on the mixture under an illumination condition to obtain a product system containing the heteroarylamine compounds. According to the photochemical synthesis method, photocatalytic reduction of various different heteroaryl nitro compounds is achieved under the illumination condition, and the high-yield heteroaryl amine compounds are obtained. The photocatalyst is an existing common catalyst, has no strict requirements on equipment and is easy to recover, and the safety riskof the heteroarylamine compound and the catalyst cost are reduced. Any metal reagent and reducing agent do not need to be added in the whole reaction process of photocatalysis, the reaction conversion rate is high, and post-treatment is simple and easy to operate, so the method is safer and more environmentally friendly.
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Paragraph 0040-0065; 0069; 0076
(2020/10/14)
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- Synthesis process of 2-methoxy-3-bromo-5-fluoropyridine
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The invention discloses a synthesis process of 2-methoxy-3-bromo-5-fluoropyridine, which comprises the following steps: dissolving 2-methoxy-5-aminopyridine in an acid, adding nitrous acid or nitriteto prepare a diazotized intermediate state, reacting with a fluorinating reagent to obtain 2-methoxy-5-fluoropyridine, and carrying out a bromination reaction process on 2-methoxy-5-fluoropyridine anda bromination reagent to obtain 2-methoxy-3-bromo-5-fluoropyridine. The synthesis process provided by the invention has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, mild reaction conditions, high yield, easiness in industrial production and the like.
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Paragraph 0043; 0052-0057
(2021/03/06)
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- Preparation method for malaridine intermediate 2-methoxy-5-aminopyridine
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The invention provides a green environment-friendly preparation method for a malaridine intermediate 2-methoxy-5-aminopyridine. The preparation method comprises the specific method: with 2-aminopyridine as a raw material, nitrating 2-aminopyridine with a mixed acid in the presence of a solvent to obtain 2-amino-5-nitropyridine; and carrying out hydrolysis, chlorination, methoxylation and reduction to obtain the intermediate 2-methoxy-5-aminopyridine. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, short production cycle, mild reaction conditions, fewer three wastes, high product purity and yield, cheap and easily obtained raw materials, and higher economic property and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrialized production.
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- TRI-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION PROCESS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives, preparation process and uses thereof, specifically relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation process, and further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and their pharmaceutical use as inhibitors of kinase.
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Paragraph 0123; 0238; 0239
(2014/11/13)
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- TRI-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION PROCESS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives, preparation process and uses thereof, specifically relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation process, and further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and their pharmaceutical use as inhibitors of kinase
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Page/Page column 30
(2013/07/05)
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- Preparation of highly reactive pyridine- and pyrimidine-containing diarylamine antioxidants
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We recently reported a preliminary account of our efforts to develop novel diarylamine radical-trapping antioxidants (Hanthorn, J. J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 8306-8309) wherein we demonstrated that the incorporation of ring nitrogens into diphenylamines affords compounds which display a compromise between H-atom transfer reactivity to peroxyl radicals and stability to one-electron oxidation. Herein we provide the details of the synthetic efforts associated with that report, which have been substantially expanded to produce a library of substituted heterocyclic diarylamines that we have used to provide further insight into the structure-reactivity relationships of these compounds as antioxidants (see the accompanying paper, DOI: 10.1021/jo301012x). The diarylamines were prepared in short, modular sequences from 2-aminopyridine and 2-aminopyrimidine wherein aminations of intermediate pyri(mi)dyl bromides and then Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of the amines and precursor bromides were the key steps to yield the diarylamines. The cross-coupling reactions were found to proceed best with Pd(η3-1-PhC3H 4)(η5-C5H5) as precatalyst, which gave higher yields than the conventional Pd source, Pd2(dba) 3.
- Hanthorn, Jason J.,Valgimigli, Luca,Pratt, Derek A.
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experimental part
p. 6908 - 6916
(2012/10/08)
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- An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of anilines by employing aqueous ammonia
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Under the catalysis of CuI/2-carboxylic acid-quinoline-N-oxide, the cross coupling reactions between aryl iodides or bromides and aqueous ammonia proceed very well to afford N-unprotected aniline derivatives in excellent yields. This inexpensive catalytic system shows great functional group tolerance and excellent reaction selectivity. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- Zeng, Xin,Huang, Wenming,Qiu, Yatao,Jiang, Sheng
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8224 - 8227
(2012/04/04)
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- N -pyridyl and pyrimidine benzamides as KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel openers for the treatment of epilepsy
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A series of N-pyridyl benzamide KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel openers were identified and found to be active in animal models of epilepsy and pain. The best compound 12 [ICA-027243, N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide] has an EC50 of 0.38 μM and is selective for KCNQ2/Q3 channels. This compound was active in several rodent models of epilepsy and pain but upon repeated dosing had a number of unacceptable toxicities that prevented further development. On the basis of the structure-activity relationships developed around 12, a second compound, 51, [N-(2-chloro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-3,4-difluoro- benzamide, ICA-069673], was prepared and advanced into a phase 1 clinical study. Herein, we describe the structure-activity relationships that led to the identification of compound 12 and to the corresponding pyrimidine 51.
- Amato, George,Roeloffs, Rosemarie,Rigdon, Greg C.,Antonio, Brett,Mersch, Theresa,McNaughton-Smith, Grant,Wickenden, Alan D.,Fritch, Paul,Suto, Mark J.
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scheme or table
p. 481 - 484
(2011/08/22)
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- Rapid reduction of heteroaromatic nitro groups using catalytic transfer hydrogenation with microwave heating
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A method for the rapid, safe reduction of heteroaromatic and aromatic nitro groups to amines is described using catalytic transfer hydrogenation under microwave heating conditions. Commonly available Pd/C or Pt/C catalyst is extremely effective with 1,4-cyclohexadiene as the hydrogen transfer source. In the case of substrates containing potentially labile aromatic halogens, Pt/C is effective and results in little or no dehalogenation. In general, the reactions are complete within 5 min at 120 °C.
- Quinn, John F.,Bryant, Cole E.,Golden, Kathryn C.,Gregg, Brian T.
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experimental part
p. 786 - 789
(2010/03/24)
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- An efficient copper-catalyzed amination of aryl halides by aqueous ammonia
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The copper(I) bromide/1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)-2-methylpropan-l- one (CuBr-LS) combination catalyzed the cross-coupling reactions between aryl or heteroaryl halides and aqueous ammonia with high yields to produce primary aromatic or heteroaromatic amines at room temperature or under mild conditions.
- Wang, Deping,Cai, Qian,Ding, Ke
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1722 - 1726
(2011/02/25)
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- Structure-activity studies of novel cyanoguanidine ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers for the treatment of overactive bladder
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A series of novel cyanoguanidine derivatives was designed and synthesized. Condensation of N-(1-benzotriazol-1-yl-2,2-dichloropropyl)-substituted benzamides with N-(substituted-pyridin-3-yl)-N′-cyanoguanidines furnished N-{2,2-dichloro-1-[N′-(substituted-pyridin-3-yl)-N′-cyanoguanidino] propyl}-substituted benzamide derivatives. These agents were glyburide-reversible potassium channel openers and hyperpolarized human bladder cells as assessed by the FLIPR membrane potential dye (KATP-FMP). These compounds were also potent full agonists in relaxing electrically stimulated pig bladder strips, an in vitro model of overactive bladder. The most active compound 9 was evaluated for in vivo efficacy and selectivity in a pig model of bladder instability. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies in dog demonstrated excellent oral bioavailability and a t1/2 of 15 h. The synthesis, SAR studies, and biological properties of these agents are discussed.
- Perez-Medrano, Arturo,Brune, Michael E.,Buckner, Steven A.,Coghlan, Michael J.,Fey, Thomas A.,Gopalakrishnan, Murali,Gregg, Robert J.,Kort, Michael E.,Scott, Victoria E.,Sullivan, James P.,Whiteaker, Kristi L.,Carroll, William A.
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p. 6265 - 6273
(2008/04/05)
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- Palladium-catalyzed silane/siloxane reductions in the one-pot conversion of nitro compounds into their amines, hydroxylamines, amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates
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A combination of palladium(II) acetate, aqueous potassium fluoride, and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) facilitates the room-temperature reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines. These reactions tend to be quick (30 min), high-yielding, and tolerate a range of other functional groups. Replacement of PMHS/KF with triethylsilane allows for the reduction of aliphatic nitro compounds to their corresponding hydroxylamines. Depending on the substrate, both conditions can allow for the in situ conversion of the product amines into amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Rahaim Jr., Ronald J.,Maleczka Jr., Robert E.
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p. 3316 - 3340
(2008/09/17)
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- SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS INHIBITORS
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The use of a compound of formula (I) 1 or a salt, ester or amide thereof; where X is O, or S, S(O) or S(O)2, or NR6 where R6 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl,; R5 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, R1, R2 ,R3, R4 are independently selected from various specified moieties, in the preparation of a medicament for use in the inhibition of aurora 2 kinase. Certain compounds are novel and these, together with pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also described and claimed
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- REDUCTION OF HETERO-AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH BAKER'S YEAST
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Reduction of nitro group on hetero-aromatics with baker's yeast has been examined.
- Takeshita, Mitsuhiro,Yoshida, Sachiko
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p. 2201 - 2204
(2007/10/02)
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- Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides
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A new series of 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides 16, 17, 19, and 26, and 5-(3-pyridyl)-2,4-pentadienamides 20-25 were prepared and evaluated for their antiallergic activity. Several of these compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than the parent compounds 1a [(E)-N-[4 [4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamide] against the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Particularly, 4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(6-methyl-3-pyridyl)acrylamide (17p) showed an ED50 value of 3.3 mg/kg po in the rat PCA test, which was one-fifth of ketotifen and oxatomide. As compared with ketotifen and oxatomide, compound 17p (AL-3264) possessed a better balance of antiallergic properties due to inhibition of chemical mediator release, inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, and antagonism of histamine.
- Nishikawa,Shindo,Ishii,Nakamura,Kon,Uno
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p. 583 - 593
(2007/10/02)
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- Liquid Crystalline Compounds Bearing Pyridine Ring: 3-(4-Alkoxyphenylazoxy)-6-alkoxypyridines
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3-(4-Alkoxyphenylazo)-6-alkoxypyridines (6) with n-alkoxyl (C1-C6) groups were synthesized by the coupling reaction of phenol with 6-alkoxy-3-pyridine diazonium chloride prepared from 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine via 2-alkoxy-5-nitro and 2-alkoxy-5-aminopyridines and subsequent etherification with n-alkyl iodides.Mild oxidation of 6 with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid provided 3-6-alkoxy-pyridines (7) containing nearly equimolar amounts of ONN (8) and NNO (8') isomers.Centrifugal liquid chromatography satisfactorily separated these two isomers.Mesomorphic behaviors of 8 and 8' are characteristic in that the pyridine ring exerts polar effects and 8 are more balanced in polarity than 8'.Compounds 7 possess rather lower mesomorphic ranges than 8 and 8'.Some of compounds 6 indicate mesomorphic ranges but generally azo compounds are inferior to azoxy ones.
- Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi,Kasai, Tsuneharu
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- Synthesis of analogues of the 2,3,6-triazaphenothiazine ring system
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Treatment of 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines with 2-amino-6-picoline-3-thiol gave a mixture of 2,3-bis(2-amino-6-picolinyl-3-thio)quinoxalines (16, R = H, Cl) and 2,3-bis (N,N-dimethylamino)quinoxalines (15, R = H, Cl) separated by fractional crystallization. A similar reaction of 3-amino-6-methoxypyridine-2(1H)-thione (9) with 4,5-dichloropyridazin-3(2H)-one (21) gave 4-chloro-5-(3-amino-6-methoxypyridyl-2-thio)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (22). Concentrated hydrochloric acid-catalysed cyclization of 22 gave the nonrearranged 7-methoxy-2,3,6-triazaphenothiazin-1(2H)-one. The action of compound 22 in refluxing glacial acetic acid gave, on the other hand, 7-methoxy-2,3,6-triazaphenothiazin-4(3H)-one via a Smiles rearrangement. These cyclized compounds are the first known derivatives of the new 2,3,6-triazaphenothiazine ring system.
- Okafor,Castle
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p. 199 - 203
(2007/10/02)
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- Substituent Effects on the Isomer Ratios in the Rearrangement of Some 2- and 4-Nitraminopyridines
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The preparation, and rearrangement in 92percent sulfuric acid, of 4-X-2-nitramino- (1), 2-X-4-nitramino- (2), and 6-X-2-nitramino-pyridines (3) is reported (X=H,Me,MeO,Br,Cl,CO2H).The product isomer ratios can be explained by differential electronic stabilization of the appropriate ? complexes for aromatic nitration and steric effects seem relatively unimportant.Deuteration had no effect on the product distribution
- Deady, Leslie W.,Korytsky, Olga L.,Rowe, Jeffrey E.
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p. 2025 - 2034
(2007/10/02)
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