961-68-2Relevant articles and documents
Solvent effects on kinetics of an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction in mixtures of an ionic liquid with molecular solvents and prediction using artificial neural networks
Habibi-Yangjeh, Aziz,Jafari-Tarzanag, Yahya,Banaei, Ali Reza
, p. 153 - 159 (2009)
Kinetics of the reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and aniline was studied in mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMIM|[EtSO4|) with methanol, chloroform, and dimethylsulfoxide at 25°C. Single-parameter correlations
Aggregation effects in the reactions of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline in aprotic solvents
Nudelman, N. Sbarbati,Alvaro, Cecilia E. S.,Yankelevich, Jeanette S.
, p. 2125 - 2130 (1997)
The kinetics of the reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline have been studied in toluene and in toluene-methanol binary solvents and compared with the reactions in benzene and chloroform. The reactions in aprotic solvents exhibit a rate dependence that is third-order in amine consistent with aggregates of the aniline acting as the nucleophile. Molecular complexes between the aniline and the substrate were also detected spectrophotometrically. Additionally, an inhibitory effect of toluene complexes was observed, which is similar to the previously reported effect of benzene in the reaction of the same substrate with n-butylamine. The reaction in the presence of pyridine shows an amine dependence which indicates formation of 'mixed aggregates' between aniline and pyridine. All the above results, as well as recently reported studies of other reactions different from SNAr, are fully interpreted within the 'dimer nucleophile' mechanism.
Reaction of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline. Solvent effects and molecular complex formation
Nudelman, N. Sbarbati,Savini, Monica,Alvaro, C. E. Silvana,Nicotra, Viviane,Yankelevich, Jeanette
, p. 1627 - 1630 (1999)
The kinetics of the reaction of aniline with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (2,4-DNC1B) were studied in several benzene-n-hexane mixtures at 40 °C in the presence of variable amounts of aniline. A linear dependence of the second-order rate coefficients, kA, with [B] is observed, with a null intercept. Taking into account the non-polar character of the solvent, and the excellent nucleofugacity of chlorine, this kinetic behaviour is interpreted as evidence of the aggregation of aniline, the hydrogen-bonded dimer acting as the nucleophile. Consistent with this interpretation, when the solvent is changed to THF, a good hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA), the kA is no longer dependent on [B]. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) molecular complexes of 2,4-DNC1B with benzene and with aniline, and also between aniline and the product, were clearly recognized and the stability constants of each one of these complexes were determined.
Incorporation of: N -phenyl in poly(benzimidazole imide)s and improvement in H2O-absorbtion and transparency
Qian, Guangtao,Dai, Fengna,Chen, Haiquan,Wang, Mengxia,Hu, Mengjie,Chen, Chunhai,Yu, Youhai
, p. 3770 - 3776 (2021/02/03)
5-Amine-2-(4-amino-benzene)-1-phenyl-benzimidazole (N-PhPABZ) was successfully synthesized and polymerized with 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) to obtain a novel N-phenyl-poly(benzimidazole imide) (N-Ph-PBII). The successful incorporation of N-phenyl addressed the issue of high H2O-absorption of traditional PBIIs while retained the superheat resistance property. The resulting N-Ph-PBII possessed a high glass-transition temperature (Tg) up to 425 °C and a low affinity for water of 1.4%. Furthermore, the loose molecular packing and noncoplanar structures led to an increase in optical transparency for the modified PBII.
Prodrugs for nitroreductase-based cancer therapy-3: Antitumor activity of the novel dinitroaniline prodrugs/Ssap-NtrB enzyme suicide gene system: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation in prostate cancer
Tokay, Esra,Güng?r, Tu?ba,Hac?o?lu, Nelin,?nder, Ferah C?mert,Gülhan, ünzile Güven,Tok, Tu?ba Ta?k?n,?elik, Ayhan,Ay, Mehmet,K??kar, Feray
, (2019/12/24)
Prodrugs for targeted tumor therapies have been extensively studied in recent years due to not only maximising therapeutic effects on tumor cells but also reducing or eliminating serious side effects on healthy cells. This strategy uses prodrugs which are safe for normal cells and form toxic metabolites (drugs) after selective reduction by enzymes in tumor tissues. In this study, prodrug candidates (1-36) containing nitro were designed, synthesized and characterized within the scope of chemical experiments. Drug-likeness properties of prodrug candidates were analyzed using DS 2018 to investigate undesired toxicity effects. In vitro cytotoxic effects of prodrug canditates were performed with MTT assay for human hepatoma cells (Hep3B) and prostate cancer cells (PC3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as healthy control. Non-toxic compounds (3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19 and 21–23), and also compounds (1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, 20 and 24) which had low toxic effects, were selected to examine their suitability as prodrug canditates. The reduction profiles and kinetic studies of prodrug/Ssap-NtrB combinations were performed with biochemical analyses. Then, selected prodrug/Ssap-NtrB combinations were applied to prostate cancer cells to determine toxicity. The results of theoretical, in vitro cytotoxic and biochemical studies suggest 14/Ssap-NtrB, 22/Ssap-NtrB and 24/Ssap-NtrB may be potential prodrug/enzyme combinations for nitroreductase (Ntr)-based prostate cancer therapy.
Benzimidazole diamine monomer and preparation method thereof
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Paragraph 0057-0060, (2020/07/21)
The invention relates to a benzimidazole diamine monomer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps that a benzimidazole intermediate with the structural formula shown in the formula (III) is reduced, a reduction product of the benzimidazole intermediate is mixed with a compound with the structural formula shown in the formula (IV), a substitution reaction and a reduction reaction are conducted in sequence, and the benzimidazole diamine monomer is obtained; the benzimidazole intermediate with the structural formula as shown in the formula (III) is prepared byfirstly carrying out partial reduction reaction on a compound with the structural formula as shown in the formula (I), then a partial reduction product of the compound is mixed with a compound with the structural formula as shown in the formula (II), and then the substitution reaction and a cyclization reaction are sequentially carried out. The structural formulas of the formula (I), the formula (II), the formula (III) and the formula (IV) are shown in the specification. The preparation method is simple and feasible, the prepared benzimidazole diamine monomer is used for preparing polyimide, and the heat resistance and solubility of polyimide can be improved.
Neutral Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands for High-Performance Yellow OLED Application
Liu, Bingqing,Jabed, Mohammed A.,Guo, Jiali,Xu, Wan,Brown, Samuel L.,Ugrinov, Angel,Hobbie, Erik K.,Kilina, Svetlana,Qin, Anjun,Sun, Wenfang
, p. 14377 - 14388 (2019/11/03)
The synthesis, crystal structure, and photophysics of a series of neutral cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes bearing substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ancillary ligands ((CN)2Ir(R-NHC), where CN and NHC refer to the cyclometalating ligand benzo[h]quinoline and 1-phenylbenzimidazole, respectively) are reported. The NHC ligands were substituted with electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on C4′ of the phenyl ring (R = NO2 (Ir1), CN (Ir2), H (Ir3), OCH3 (Ir4), N(CH3)2 (Ir5)) or C5 of the benzimidazole ring (R = NO2 (Ir6), N(CH3)2 (Ir7)). The configuration of Ir1 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The ground- and excited-state properties of Ir1-Ir7 were investigated by both spectroscopic methods and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. All complexes possessed moderately strong structureless absorption bands at ca. 440 nm that originated from the CN ligand based 1π,π*/1CT (charge transfer)/1d,d transitions and very weak spin-forbidden 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer)/3LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer) transitions beyond 500 nm. Electron-withdrawing substituents caused a slight blue shift of the 1π,π*/1CT/1d,d band, while electron-donating substituents induced a red shift of this band in comparison to the unsubstituted complex Ir3. Except for the weakly emissive nitro-substituted complexes Ir1 and Ir6 that had much shorter lifetimes (≤160 ns), the other complexes are highly emissive in organic solutions with microsecond lifetimes at ca. 540-550 nm at room temperature, with the emitting states being predominantly assigned to 3π,π*/3MLCT states. Although the effect of the substituents on the emission energy was insignificant, the effects on the emission quantum yields and lifetimes were drastic. All complexes also exhibited broad triplet excited-state absorption at 460-700 nm with similar spectral features, indicating the similar parentage of the lowest triplet excited states. The highly emissive Ir2 was used as a dopant for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabrication. The device displayed a yellow emission with a maximum current efficiency (ηc) of 71.29 cd A-1, a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 32747 cd m-2, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.6%. These results suggest the potential of utilizing this type of neutral Ir(III) complex as an efficient yellow phosphorescent emitter.
Deep eutectic solvent as an operative media on structure-reactivity relationships
Harifi-Mood, Ali Reza,Khorshahi, Hasan
, p. 511 - 519 (2019/04/14)
Deep eutectic solvents seem to be environmentally friendly solvents, particularly because they are prepared easily and have very low-vapor pressures under ambient conditions. They are suitable candidates as green solvents for reaction media with special properties. To present this behavior, substitution reactions of some para- and meta-substituted anilines with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene have been spectrophotometrically investigated in varying mole fractions of ethaline as a deep eutectic solvent in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The measured rate coefficients of the reaction demonstrated a noticeable variation with the increasing mole fraction of ethaline in ethaline-DMSO mixtures. The linear free energy relationship (LFER) of second-order rate coefficients based on Hammett's substituent constants demonstrates a reasonably linear straight line with a negative slope in different mole fractions of ethaline-DMSO mixtures. Another LFER investigation based on the polarity parameters of the media showed a good agreement with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor abilities of the solvent. Non-LFER assay according to the preferential solvation model confirmed differences between the microsphere solvation of the solute molecules and the bulk composition of the solvents.
Recyclable bimetallic CuMoO4 nanoparticles for C-N cross-coupling reaction under mild conditions
Panigrahi, Reba,Panda, Subhalaxmi,Behera, Pradyota Kumar,Sahu, Santosh Kumar,Rout, Laxmidhar
supporting information, p. 19274 - 19278 (2019/12/24)
Herein we disclosed inexpensive copper(ii) bimetallic CuMoO4 nanoparticles for the C-N cross-coupling reaction of alkyl and aryl amines with haloarenes. The reaction proceeds under mild and ligand free conditions. The catalyst is recyclable and effective for a wide range of amines and haloarenes. Here, the efficiency of the Cu(ii) catalyst is increased by doping molybdenum metal. The bimetallic nanoparticles are anticipated to proceed via normal oxidative addition and reductive eliminations.
URJC-1-MOF as New Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst for C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions
Mu?oz, Antonio,Leo, Pedro,Orcajo, Gisela,Martínez, Fernando,Calleja, Guillermo
, p. 3376 - 3380 (2019/07/04)
Guillermo Calleja and co-workers from @urjc describe URJC-1-MOF as a new heterogeneous recyclable catalyst for c-heteroatom coupling reactions. The capacity of copper-based URJC-1-MOF as a MOF catalyst in cross-coupling reactions has been evaluated, focusing on the Chan-Lam-Evans arylation-type reactions on amines and alcohols without extra additives or ligands. The extraordinary chemical and structural stability of URJC-1-MOF and its good specific surface, make this material a promising alternative to homogeneous Cu (II) catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. URJC-1-MOF showed a remarkable catalytic activity for cross-coupling C?N and C?O reactions, higher than other heterogeneous and homogeneous copper-based catalyst, such as CuO, HKUST-1, Cu?MOF-74, Cu(OAc)2 and CuSO4?5H2O. Moreover, its easy recovery by simple filtration and reusability in successive runs without any loss of activity and stability, demonstrates the potential of URJC-1-MOF as an alternative catalyst for this kind of reactions in different chemical media of industrial interest.
