60-34-4 Usage
Description
Methyl hydrazine, CH3NHNH2, is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with an ammonia-like odor. It is soluble in water, with a specific gravity of 0.87, which is lighter than water. Methyl hydrazine is toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and is a suspected human carcinogen. The TLV ceiling is 0.2 ppm in air, and the IDLH is 50 ppm. The target organs are the central nervous system, respiratory system, liver, blood, eyes, and cardiovascular system. The four-digit UN identification number is 1244. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 3, and reactivity 2. The primary uses are as a missile propellant and a solvent.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 60-34-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. colourless liquid with an ammonia-like odour
2. Methyl hydrazine is a fuming, colorless liquid
with an ammonia-like odor. The odor threshold is
1.31.7 ppm.
Physical properties
Fuming, clear, colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Odor threshold concentrations ranged
from 1 to 3 ppm (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 60-34-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Methylhydrazine is used in missile propellants and as a
solvent and chemical intermediate.
2. Rocket fuel; solvent; chemical
intermediate
3. Missile propellant, intermediate, solvent.
Production Methods
Methylhydrazine ignites spontaneously on contact with
strong oxidizing agents. It is prepared commercially from
the reaction of monochloroamine and monomethylamine.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Often ignites spontaneously. Exposure to air on a large surface may result in spontaneous ignition [Def. Res. and Eng. 27. 1963]. Water soluble. Solutions are highly alkaline and generate heat when water is added.
Reactivity Profile
Methylhydrazine is a powerful reducing agent. Ignites upon contact with oxidizing agents i.e. dinitrogen tetraoxide, hydrogen peroxide [Hawley]. Water used to extinguish a fire may cause pollution and should be diked for later disposal. Gives basic solutions with water that generate heat when water is added.
Hazard
Flammable, dangerous fire risk, vapors mayexplode, may self-ignite in air and on contact withoxidizing agents. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant, lung cancerand liver damage. Possible carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Methyl hydrazine vapors are extremely toxic and the liquid is corrosive to skin. Methyl hydrazine is the strongest convulsant and the most toxic of methyl-substituted hydrazine derivatives. It is more toxic than hydrazine. At high doses, it is a strong central nervous system poison that can lead to convulsions and death. Skin rash may be aggravated by skin exposure.
Fire Hazard
Extremely flammable; ignites spontaneously under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water used to extinguish a fire may cause pollution and should be diked for later disposal. Water may be ineffective in extinguishing fires due to the chemical's low flash point. Because of the wide flammability limits, low flash point, and reignition hazard, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, water spray, and foam may not be as effective as water dilution of fire area. The vapor is heavier than air; thus Methylhydrazine may accumulate sufficiently to flash back. Methylhydrazine fires produce irritating nitrogen oxides. Ignites spontaneously in air when in contact with porous materials (e.g., earth, asbestos, wood, or cloth). Also ignites spontaneously on contact with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., fluorine, chlorine trifluoride, fuming nitric acid, and nitrogen tetroxide). Heat or flame should be avoided because chemical is extremely flammable and explosive.
Safety Profile
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic
data. Poison by inhalation, ingestion, skin
contact, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and
intravenous routes. Experimental
reproductive effects. Human mutation data
reported. Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May self-ignite in air.
Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed
to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol
foam, CO2, dry chemical. Explosive in the
form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame. A powerful reducing agent. It is
hypergolic with many oxidants (e.g.,
dinitrogen tetraoxide and hydrogen
peroxide). When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Potential Exposure
MMH has been used as the propellant
in liquid propellant rockets; it is also used as a solvent and
as an organic intermediate.
Carcinogenicity
The carcinogenicity of methylhydrazine
has been extensively investigated. In two studies,
no compound-related increase in tumor incidence was
observed in mice treated orally with methylhydrazine
. In other studies, methylhydrazine produced
lung tumors in mice and malignant histiocytoma of the liver
and cecal tumors in hamsters when administered in drinking
water at concentrations of 0.01%. Potential carcinogenicity
from vapor exposure to methylhydrazine was also
investigated in rats, dogs, hamsters, and mice. Exposures to
methylhydrazine at concentrations of 0.02 ppm (rats and
mice only) and 0.2, 2, and 5 ppm (rats and hamsters only)were conducted for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for a year, followed
by observation for 1 year.
Source
Rocket fuel; solvent; intermediate; organic synthesis.
Environmental fate
Biological. It was suggested that the rapid disappearance of methylhydrazine in sterile and
nonsterile soil (Arrendondo fine sand) under aerobic conditions was due to chemical oxidation.
Although the oxidation product was not identified, it biodegraded to carbon dioxide in the
nonsterile soil. The oxidation product did not degrade in the sterile soil (Ou and Street, 1988).
Shipping
UN1244 Methylhydrazine, Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquid,
8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone A
Purification Methods
Dry with BaO, then distil it in a vacuum. Store it under nitrogen. [Beilstein 4 IV 3322.]
Incompatibilities
May form explosive mixture with air.
Methyl hydrazine is a highly reactive reducing agent and a
medium strong base. May explode if heated. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, such as fluorine, chlorine, combustibles, nitric acid; hydrogen peroxide. Incompatible with
acids, alcohols, glycols, isocyanates, phenols, cresols;
porous materials, such as earth, asbestos, wood and cloth.
Oxides of iron or copper, manganese, lead, copper or their
alloys can lead to fire and explosions. Attacks cork, some
plastics, coatings and rubber.
Waste Disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations
governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste
disposal. There are 2 alternatives: Dilute with water,
neutralize with sulfuric acid, then flush to sewer with
large volumes of water or incinerate with added flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and
alkaline scrubber.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 60-34-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 60-34:
(4*6)+(3*0)+(2*3)+(1*4)=34
34 % 10 = 4
So 60-34-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH6N2/c1-3-2/h3H,2H2,1H3
60-34-4Relevant articles and documents
-
Howard et al.
, p. 1082 (1961)
-
Electrochemical Reductive N-Methylation with CO2Enabled by a Molecular Catalyst
Rooney, Conor L.,Wu, Yueshen,Tao, Zixu,Wang, Hailiang
supporting information, p. 19983 - 19991 (2021/12/01)
The development of benign methylation reactions utilizing CO2 as a one-carbon building block would enable a more sustainable chemical industry. Electrochemical CO2 reduction has been extensively studied, but its application for reductive methylation reactions remains out of the scope of current electrocatalysis. Here, we report the first electrochemical reductive N-methylation reaction with CO2 and demonstrate its compatibility with amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazine. Catalyzed by cobalt phthalocyanine molecules supported on carbon nanotubes, the N-methylation reaction proceeds in aqueous media via the chemical condensation of an electrophilic carbon intermediate, proposed to be adsorbed or near-electrode formaldehyde formed from the four-electron reduction of CO2, with nucleophilic nitrogenous reactants and subsequent reduction. By comparing various amines, we discover that the nucleophilicity of the amine reactant is a descriptor for the C-N coupling efficacy. We extend the scope of the reaction to be compatible with cheap and abundant nitro-compounds by developing a cascade reduction process in which CO2 and nitro-compounds are reduced concurrently to yield N-methylamines with high monomethylation selectivity via the overall transfer of 12 electrons and 12 protons.
Preparation technology of methylhydrazine
-
Paragraph 0025-0032, (2019/04/04)
The invention discloses a preparation technology of methylhydrazine, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The preparation technology comprises the following steps: (1) adding hydrazine monohydrochloride and methanol into a reaction kettle, then adding water and a catalyst, and then rising the temperature for carrying out methylation, thus obtaining methylhydrazine hydrochloride; (2) directly cooling feed liquid after reaction, separating a solid catalyst from unreacted hydrazine hydrochloride, and carrying out dealcoholizing, dissociating, rectifying and the like on filtrate, thus obtaining the methylhydrazine. The preparation technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the reaction selectivity is good, the reaction pressure is low, the catalyst can becompletely and mechanically used, and safety, cleanliness, environment protection and the like are realized.
Preparation method of methylhydrazine
-
Paragraph 0017, (2017/08/04)
The invention discloses a method for one-step preparation of methylhydrazine. The method comprises that under the protection of inert gas, hydrazine hydrate and methanol are subjected to alkylation reaction under an action of a catalyst for one-step synthesis of methylhydrazine, excess methanol is kept in the reaction process, and a mixed solution after the reaction is finished is rectified to obtain a high-purity methylhydrazine solution. The method has the following advantages of short process route, simple operation, high reaction yield, high selectivity of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and fewer by-products and side reactions; the catalyst and unreacted methanol and hydrazine can be recycled for use in the alkylation reaction, no solvents are used, no three wastes are generated, and the method is green and environmentally friendly.
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