156-60-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
ArF laser photolytic deposition and thermal modification of an ultrafine chlorohydrocarbon
Pola, Josef,Galikova, Anna,Subrt, Jan,Ouchi, Akihiko
, p. 625 - 629 (2010)
MW ArF laser irradiation of gaseous cis-dichloroethene results in fast decomposition of this compound and in deposition of solid ultrafine Cl- and H-containing carbonaceous powder which is of interest due to its sub-microscopic structure and possible reactive modification of the C-Cl bonds. The product was characterized by electron microscopy, and FTIR and Raman spectra and it was revealed that HCl, H2, and C/H fragments are lost and graphitic features are adopted upon heating to 700°C.
Reductive capacity of natural reductants
Lee, Woojin,Batchelor, Bill
, p. 535 - 541 (2003)
The reductive capacities of soil minerals and Silawa soil for Cr(VI) and chlorinated ethylenes were determined and characterized to understand in situ treatment using these natural reductions. The reductive capacity of soil minerals for Cr(VI) was 3-16 times greater than that for tetrachloroethylene (PCE), indicating that Cr(VI) is more susceptible to the reduction by soil minerals than PCE. Green rust (GRSO4) showed the greatest reductive capacity for Cr(VI) and PCE followed by magnetite, pyrite, biotite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite. The major transformation product in pyrite and GRSO4 suspensions was acetylene rather than dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). For VC degradation, ethylene was the main transformation product with a low concentration of ethane observed. Fe(II) content in soil minerals was directly proportional to the reductive capacity of soil minerals for Cr(VI) and PCE, suggesting that Fe(II) content is an important factor that significantly affects reductive transformations of target contaminants in natural systems.
Mercury-photosensitized reactions of cis-2-butene-ethanol and cis-2-butene-propylamine mixtures
Yamamoto,Kasamatsu,Sueishi
, p. 3934 - 3938 (2001)
The Hg(3P1)-photosensitized luminescence of propylamine (PA) and ethanol (ET) and the Hg(3P1)-photosensitized isomerization of cis-2-butene (cis-2B) were studied in ET-cis-2B and PA-cis-2B mixtures under steady illumination at room temperature. The decreases in intensities of the luminescence from the HgPA* and HgET* complexes by adding cis-2B were much steeper than those anticipated by the competitive quenching of Hg(3P1) by PA (ET) and cis-2B. However, the decreases of the isomerization rate of cis-2B by additions of ET and PA were smaller than those expected by the competitive quenching by PA (ET) and cis-2B. The findings for PA-cis-2B mixtures could be explained by considering the addition reaction Hg(3P0) + cis-2B → Hg(1S0) + B* (B* = triplet state of 2-butene). Although HgCl formation was predominant and no cis-trans isomerization was observed in the Hg(3P1)-photosensitized reaction of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) the isomerization of DCE in the photosensitized reaction of DCE-ET [DCE]0:[ET]0 = 1:100) mixture could be followed. These results could also be explained by the reaction HgET* + DCE → Hg(1S0) + ET + DCE*. This kind of reaction was proposed for the first time.
Preparation and reactivity of vitaminB12-TiO2 hybrid catalyst immobilized on a glass plate
Shimakoshi, Hisashi,Abiru, Makoto,Kuroiwa, Keita,Kimizuka, Nobuo,Watanabe, Midori,Hisaeda, Yoshio
experimental part, p. 170 - 172 (2010/05/15)
The vitaminB12-TiO2 hybrid catalyst was effectively immobilized on a glass plate, and the immobilized catalyst shows an efficient reactivity for various molecular transformations, such as the 1,2-migration of a phenyl group and dechlorination of perchloroethylene during irradiation by UV light.
Composition For the Vapor Phase Dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2-Trihaloethane To 1,1-Dihaloethylene and Methods For Preparing and Using Such Composition
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Page/Page column 7, (2008/12/07)
Described are compositions adapted to catalyze the vapor phase dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2-trihaloethane to 1,1-dihaloethylene, e.g., 1,1,2-trichloroethane to vinylidene chloride. These materials include activated carbon and at least one benzimidazole-containing material defined herein as including benzimidazole, a derivative thereof, a salt thereof or mixtures thereof. Also described are methods for producing and using these catalytic compositions.
COMPOSITION FOR THE VAPOR PHASE DEHYDROHALOGENATION OF 1,1,2-TRIHALOETHANE TO 1,1-DIHALOETHYLENE AND METHODS FOR PREPARING AND USING SUCH COMPOSITIONS
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Page/Page column 16-27; 31-32, (2010/11/25)
Described are compositions adapted to catalyze the vapor phase dehydrohalogenation of 1,1,2-trihaloethane to 1,1-dihaloethylene, e.g., 1,1,2-trichloroethane to vinylidene chloride. These materials include activated carbon and at least one benzimidazole-containing material defined herein as including benzimidazole, a derivative thereof, a salt thereof or mixtures thereof. Also described are methods for producing and using these catalytic compositions.
Method for recovering trans-1,2-dichloroethene
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Page/Page column 6-7, (2008/06/13)
Describes a method for recovering trans-1,2-dichloroethene from a liquid feed composition comprising both the cis- and trans-isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene and contaminating amounts of other chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., lower alkyl chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as C1-C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons. In one of the described methods, the liquid feed composition is introduced into a first distillation column 10 wherein the stereoisomers and chlorinated hydrocarbons more volatile than the stereoisomers are removed as overhead 12 and charged to a second distillation column 20. In column 20, the stereoisomers are separated from the more volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, and a bottoms fraction 24 comprising the stereoisomers are charged to a reaction distillation column 30 wherein the cis-isomer, is isomerized to the trans-isomer in the liquid phase and in the presence of an organic free-radical initiator, e.g., an azonitrile initiator. Substantially pure trans-1;2-dichloroethene is recovered as overhead 32 from reaction distillation column 30.
Isotopic fractionation during reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene by zero-valent iron: Influence of surface treatment
Slater,Sherwood Lollar,Allen King,O'Hannesin
, p. 587 - 596 (2007/10/03)
During reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) by zero-valent iron, stable carbon isotopic values of residual TCE fractionate significantly and can be described by a Rayleigh model. This study investigated the effect of observed reaction rate, surface oxidation and iron type on isotopic fractionation of TCE during reductive dechlorination. Variation of observed reaction rate did not produce significant differences in isotopic fractionation in degradation experiments. However, a small influence on isotopic fractionation was observed for experiments using acid-cleaned electrolytic iron versus experiments using autoclaved electrolytic iron, acid-cleaned Peerless cast iron or autoclaved Peerless cast iron. A consistent isotopic enrichment factor of ε = -16.7‰ was determined for all experiments using cast iron, and for the experiments with autoclaved electrolytic iron. Column experiments using 100% cast iron and a 28% cast iron/72% aquifer matrix mixture also resulted in an enrichment factor of -16.9‰. The consistency in enrichment factors between batch and column systems suggests that isotopic trends observed in batch systems may be extrapolated to flowing systems such as field sites. The fact that significant isotopic fractionation was observed in all experiments implies that isotopic analysis can provide a direct qualitative indication of whether or not reductive dechlorination of TCE by Fe0 is occurring. This evidence may be useful in answering questions which arise at field sites, such as determining whether TCE observed down-gradient of an iron wall remediation scheme is the result of incomplete degradation within the wall, or of the dissolved TCE plume bypassing the wall.
Pd-catalyzed TCE dechlorination in water: Effect of [H2](aq) and H2-utilizing competitive solutes on the TCE dechlorination rate and product distribution
Reinhard,Lowry
, p. 696 - 702 (2007/10/03)
The aqueous-phase H2 concentration ([H2](aq)) and the presence of H2-utilizing competitive solutes affect trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination efficiency in Pd-based in-well treatment reactors. Batch kinetic studies in m
Kinetics of the transformation of halogenated aliphatic compounds by iron sulfide
Hayes,Butler
, p. 422 - 429 (2007/10/03)
The transformation of nine halogenated aliphatic compounds, i.e., pentachloroethane (PCA), 1,1,2,2- and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethanes (1122-TeCA and 1112-TeCA), 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-trichloroethanes (111-TCA and 112-TCA), 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethanes (11-DCA and 12-DCA), carbon tetrachloride (CT), and tribromomethane (TBM), by 10 g/L FeS at pH 8.3 was investigated in batch experiments. 11-DCA, 12-DCA, and 112-TCA showed no significant transformation by FeS over ~ 120 days, but the other compounds were transformed with half-lives of hours to days. PCA and 1122-TeCA underwent dehydrohalogenation faster than FeS-mediated reductive dehalogenation reactions. The remaining compounds for which considerable transformation was observed underwent FeS-mediated reactions more rapidly than hydrolysis or dehydrohalogenation. For 1112-TeCA, the dihaloelimination product, i.e., 1,1-dichlroethylene, was the only reaction product observed. For 111-TCA, CT, and TBM, hydrogenolysis products were the only products detected, even though their mass recoveries were significantly 100%. Two simple log-linear correlations between rate constants and either one-electron reduction potentials or homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies were developed, with determination coefficients of 0.48 and 0.82, respectively. These results were consistent with a rate-limiting step involving homolytic bond dissociation. However, neither correlation precisely characterized the reactivity of all the compounds, indicating distinctions among the mechanisms for reductive dehalogenation of the compounds by FeS or the influence of additional molecular or thermodynamic parameters on rate constants.
