89-32-7

Basic information

• Product Name: Pyromellitic Dianhydride
• Synonyms: 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic 1,2:4,5-dianhydride;1,2,4,5benzenetetracarboxylic1,2:4,5dianhydride;1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic1,2:4,5-dianhydride;1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracrboxylicdianhydride;1h,3h-benzo(1,2-c:4,5-c’)difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone;1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c,4,5-c’]difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone;1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone;1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c’]difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone
• CAS NO: 89-32-7
• Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₂O₆
• Molecular Weight: 218.12
• EINECS: 201-898-9
• Product Categories: fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, intermediates, electronic chemical, organic synthesis;fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, intermediates, electronic chemical, organic synthesis, functional materials;fine chemicals;Organics;Intermediates of Dyes and Pigments;Benzene derivates;Aromatic Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides (for High-Performance Polymer Research);Functional Materials;Reagent for High-Performance Polymer Research
• Mol File: 89-32-7.mol
• Article Data: 30

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 283-286 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 397-400 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 380 °C
• Appearance: White to pale yellow/Fine Powder
• Density: 1,68 g/cm3
• Vapor Pressure: 1.45E-06mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.6000 (estimate)
• Solubility: Soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, chloroform, ethyl ether,
• PKA: 5.45[at 20 ℃]
• Water Solubility: decomposes
• Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
• BRN: 213583
• CAS DataBase Reference: Pyromellitic Dianhydride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Pyromellitic Dianhydride(89-32-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Pyromellitic Dianhydride(89-32-7)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 41-42/43
• Safety Statements: 22-24-26-37/39
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: DB9300000
• F: 10-21
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 89-32-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

White powder. Soluble in some organic solvents; hydrolyzes to the acid when exposed to moisture.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 89-32-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) is employed as a curing agent for epoxy agent resins used for casting, laminating, the manufacture of moulding powders, adhesives and coatings.
2. Pyromellitic dianhydride is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyimide polymers such as kapton; thermoplastics such as polyesters, polyethers, plasticizers, and expoxy resins. It is involved in the preparation of high performance coatings due to its mechanical, thermal and oxidative stability properties. It acts as a curing agent for epoxy resins which find application in adhesives, coatings and molding powders. As an intermediate, it plays an important role in polyimide based materials like printed circuit boards, tape automated bonding and magnetic wire insulation.

Preparation

Pyromellitic Dianhydride is prepared by gas-phase oxidation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (or related tetrasubstituted benzene derivatives). An idealized equation is:C6H2(CH3)4 + 6 O2 → C6H2(C2O3)2 + 6 H2OIn the laboratory, it can be prepared by dehydration of pyromellitic acid using acetic anhydride.

Application

Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) has been used extensively as an important monomer in the preparation of a variety of thermoplastics such as polyesters, polycarbonates, polyethers polyethers, plasticizersplasticizers, expoxy resins, etc. Moreover, it is also useful in the preparation of high performance coatings that have been widely employed in many fields in our daily life beacuase of its excellent thermal, oxidative stability and excellent mechanical properties.Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) is one of several highly reactive acid anhydrides and used extensively in the production of thermoplastics and high-performance coatings. Anhydrides including PMDA are respiratory irritants and immediate-type sensitisers. Some anhydrides have been associated with occupational asthma. PMDA has also been related to occupational asthma.

General Description

Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) is an acidic anhydride that can be used as a repair agent and as a chain extender in the formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based chain extensions. It is mainly used in the production of thermoplastics and other coating applications.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Purification Methods

Crystallise the dianhydride from ethyl methyl ketone or dioxane. Dry, and sublime it in vacuo.[Beilstein 19 H 196, 19/5 V 407.]

Synthetic route

1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (89-05-4) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic anhydride for 3h; Reflux;	97%
With 2,6-bis[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]phenylboronic acid In propyl cyanide for 12h; Reflux;	90%
2,6-bis[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]phenylboronic acid In butryonitrile for 12h; Reflux;	90%

1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (95-93-2) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 450 - 565℃; Leiten im Gemisch mit Luft ueber Vanadium(V)-oxid;
With oxygen at 398℃; Gas phase;

1,4-diethyl-2,5-dimethyl-benzene (39144-22-4) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 450 - 565℃; Leiten im Gemisch mit Luft ueber Vanadium(V)-oxid;

benzenehexacarboxylic acid (517-60-2) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
durch trockne Destillation;

4,5-dimethylphthalic anhydride (5999-20-2) → phthalic anhydride (85-44-9) + 4-methylphthalic anhydride (19438-61-0) + 3-methylphthalic acid anhydride (4792-30-7) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
With vanadia at 400℃; Product distribution; effect of temperature on gas-phase oxidation;

2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid (6051-66-7) → maleic anhydride (108-31-6) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid (528-44-9) + trimellitic Anhydride (552-30-7)

Conditions	Yield
With vanadia at 400℃; Product distribution; effect of temperature on gas-phase oxidation;

2,4-dimethylisophthalic acid (18190-63-1) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid (528-44-9) + trimellitic Anhydride (552-30-7)

Conditions	Yield
With vanadia at 400℃; Product distribution; effect of temperature on gas-phase oxidation of methyl-substituted carboxylic acids and anhydrides;

benzenepentacarboxylic acid-dianhydride-(1.2;4.5) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 270 - 300℃;

benzenepentacarboxylic acid (1585-40-6) → carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 270 - 300℃;

benzenehexacarboxylic acid (517-60-2) → carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
bei der trocknen Destillation;

1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (95-93-2) → 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (89-05-4) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene With oxygen; acetic acid; cobalt(II) acetate; manganese(II) acetate; 2,6-dihydroxypyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindolo-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)tetrone In water at 120℃; under 30003 Torr; for 2h; Stage #2: With acetic anhydride In water at 120 - 150℃; under 3750.38 - 30003 Torr; for 4h; Product distribution / selectivity;

tetralin (119-64-2) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: aluminium chloride / 50 - 70 °C 2: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 3: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 8 steps 1: phosphorus pentoxide / 190 °C 3: 130 - 140 °C 4: amalgamated zinc; hydrochloric acid 5: phosphorus pentachloride / nachfolgend Destillation im Vakuum 6: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 7: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 8: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

phenanthrene (85-01-8) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: nickel catalyst; tetralin / 200 - 220 °C / Hydrogenation 2: aluminium chloride / 80 °C 3: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 4: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

anthracene (120-12-7) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: nickel catalyst; tetralin / 180 - 200 °C / Hydrogenation 2: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 3: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1(2H)-anthracenone (5440-71-1) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 2: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 3: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (1079-71-6) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 2: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydrophenanthrene (5325-97-3) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: aluminium chloride / 80 °C 2: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 3: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

2-chloro-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone (5803-67-8) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps 2: 130 - 140 °C 3: amalgamated zinc; hydrochloric acid 4: phosphorus pentachloride / nachfolgend Destillation im Vakuum 5: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 6: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 7: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid (782-27-4) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: phosphorus pentachloride / nachfolgend Destillation im Vakuum 2: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 3: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 4: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

[2-oxo-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[2]naphthyl)-ethyl]-malonic acid (871893-92-4) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps 1: 130 - 140 °C 2: amalgamated zinc; hydrochloric acid 3: phosphorus pentachloride / nachfolgend Destillation im Vakuum 4: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 5: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 6: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

4-oxo-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid (785-17-1) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1: amalgamated zinc; hydrochloric acid 2: phosphorus pentachloride / nachfolgend Destillation im Vakuum 3: amalgamated zinc; concentrated hydrochloric acid 4: bei aufeinanderfolgender Oxydation mit sodaalkalischer und mit schwefelsaurer Permanganat-Loesung 5: 290 °C / 13 Torr View Scheme

1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (89-05-4) + 5-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (34240-10-3) + 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid (528-44-9) + benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (88-99-3) → methyltrimellitic anhydride + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid (2479-49-4) + pyromellitic acid monoanhydride (7487-10-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid; 5-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid; 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid; benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid at 235 - 250℃; for 7.5 - 30h; Stage #2: With acetic anhydride In acetic acid at 120 - 170℃; under 750.075 - 4500.45 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;

2,4,5-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid (1036648-76-6) → diethyl 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5,6-dicarboxylate (1036648-79-9) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
Heating;	A 31.8 g B n/a

1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (89-05-4) + acetic anhydride (108-24-7) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
for 2h; Reflux;

C22H20CuN4O4(2+)*C10H2O8(4-)*2H(1+) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 20 - 180℃; for 4h;

1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzene) (18779-88-9) → Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7)

Conditions	Yield
With air; V2O5-TiO2-P2O5 catalyst at 380℃; Temperature;

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + methylamine (74-89-5) → N,-N'-Dimethylpyromellitic acid diimide (26011-79-0)

Conditions	Yield
at 160℃; under 600.048 Torr; Condensation; solid-gas reaction;	100%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + methylamine (74-89-5) → pyromellitic tetramethylamide

Conditions	Yield
under 750.06 Torr; Condensation; solid-gas reaction; ring cleavage;	100%

[(m-aminophenylamino)-4-aminophenylmethylidene]propanedinitrile (439385-19-0) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → polyimide; monomer(s): [(m-aminophenylamino)-4-aminophenylmethylidene]propanedinitrile; pyromellitic dianhydride

Conditions	Yield
In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; chlorobenzene at 20 - 190℃;	100%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → C8H2O3

Conditions	Yield
With calcium fluoride at -266.46℃; Photolysis;	100%

5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) porphyrin + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 4-hexadecylaniline (79098-13-8) + zinc diacetate (557-34-6) → [Zn(C20H8N4((C4H9)2C6H3)3(C6H4)(C10H2N2O4)(C6H4)(C16H33))] (303955-50-2)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide (C20H10N4((C4H9)2C6H3)3(C6H4))NH2, C10H2O6, (C16H33)NH(C6H5) (dry DMF) heated under N2 in dark for 22 h, cooled to 25°C, evapd. to dryness (reduced pressure); chromy., dissolved (CHCl3), added Zn(OAc)2 in CH3OH, heated for 30 min; washed twice (H2O), dried (anhydrous Na2SO4), solvent evapd., chromy., reprecipitated from chloroform-methanol;	100%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + orthoformic acid triethyl ester (122-51-0) → 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid ethyl ester (6634-01-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Pyromellitic dianhydride; orthoformic acid triethyl ester Stage #2: With water	100%
In ethanol for 4.5h; Heating;	99.2%

4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether-d8 + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → poly[deuterated 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether-co-pyromellitic dianhydride]

Conditions	Yield
In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 2h;	100%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 1,4-phenylenediamine (106-50-3) → C10H6O8*C6H8N2

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Pyromellitic dianhydride In water at 80℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 1,4-phenylenediamine In water at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + trimethyl orthoformate (149-73-5) → tetramethyl 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate (635-10-9)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 7.5h; Heating;	99.9%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetraone (2550-73-4)

Conditions	Yield
With urea In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.0666667h; microwave irradiation;	99%
With choline chloride; urea at 140℃; for 1h; Green chemistry;	97%
With formamide for 0.0333333h; microwave irradiation;	96%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane (999-97-3) → 2,6-bis-trimethylsilanyl-pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetraone

Conditions	Yield
at 130 - 140℃;	99%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + (S)-methyl 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate (65615-90-9) → C40H42N4O12

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Pyromellitic dianhydride; (S)-methyl 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate With N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 20℃; for 22h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With acetic anhydride; triethylamine at 80℃; for 2.5h; Inert atmosphere;	98.3%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + formamide (77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6) → pyromellitic diimide.formamide (76660-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
at 210℃; for 0.25h;	98%

2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine (1583-76-2) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → N,N'-di(2-(perfluorophenyl)ethyl)pyromellitic diimide (1206633-77-3)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 110℃;	98%

L-leucine (61-90-5) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-leucine (144443-35-6)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine; acetic acid Reflux;	98%
With acetic acid Reflux;
With acetic acid at 20℃; for 13h; Reflux;

L-phenylalanine (63-91-2) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → N,N’-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-phenylalanine diacid (144443-37-8)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine; acetic acid Reflux;	98%
With dmap In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 140℃; for 0.166667h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Sealed tube; Microwave irradiation;	87%
In acetic acid at 20℃; Reflux;	86%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + C18H31N3O (1356860-81-5) → (C5H4NCH2NHCO(CH2)11)2C10H2N2O4 (1356860-83-7)

Conditions	Yield
Heating;	98%

4-Aminobutanol (13325-10-5) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → C22H24N2O8

Conditions	Yield
for 19h; Reflux;	98%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (89-05-4)

Conditions	Yield
With water for 4h; Reflux;	96.6%
With water
With alkali
With water at 80℃; Inert atmosphere;

ethanol (64-17-5) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid ethyl ester (6634-01-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid Reflux; Molecular sieve;	96%
With sulfuric acid at 100℃; for 4h;	68%
Stage #1: ethanol; Pyromellitic dianhydride for 2h; Reflux; Stage #2: With sulfuric acid for 18h; Reflux;	64%
With sulfuric acid In benzene
With sulfuric acid

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 4-hydroxymethyl-benzylamine (39895-56-2) → C26H20O6N2 (944247-89-6)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20 - 140℃; for 4.5h;	96%
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20 - 140℃;	96%

4,4'-bis[4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)benzenesulfonyl]biphenyl (1003601-35-1) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 4,4'-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)benzenesulfonyl]biphenyl (160038-77-7) → polyimide, Mn = 54000, Mw = 87000; monomer(s): 4,4'-bis[4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)benzenesulfonyl]biphenyl; pyromellitic dianhydride

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4,4'-bis[4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)benzenesulfonyl]biphenyl; Pyromellitic dianhydride; 4,4'-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)benzenesulfonyl]biphenyl In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 20℃; for 20h; Stage #2: at 120 - 250℃; for 1.16667h; Further stages.;	96%

4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-d10 + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → poly[deuterated 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-co-pyromellitic dianhydride]

Conditions	Yield
In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 2h;	96%
In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 2h;	95%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 2-hydrazino-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (500148-54-9) → C38H20Cl2N8O4 (1550370-33-6)

Conditions	Yield
With N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.05h; Microwave irradiation;	96%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 3-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid (3646-50-2) → 2,6-bis(3-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (1133768-70-3)

Conditions	Yield
In nitrobenzene at 155 - 165℃; for 1h;	95%

3-hydrazinyl-oxo-N-(1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-propanamide (18612-28-7) + Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) → N-{1,3,5,7-tetraoxo-6-[2-(thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)acetylamino]-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindol-2-yl}-N'-thiazol-2-yl-malonamide (1145681-95-3)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid for 6h; Reflux;	95%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 4-fluoro-2-phenethylamine (1583-88-6) → N,N'-di(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)pyromellitic diimide (346634-46-6)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 110℃;	95%

Pyromellitic dianhydride (89-32-7) + 4-amino-phenol (123-30-8) → N,N'-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-p-aminophenol (14027-98-6)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 12h; Reflux;	95%

Upstream product

• 89-05-4 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid 
• 39144-22-4 1,4-diethyl-2,5-dimethyl-benzene 
• 5440-71-1 3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1(2H)-anthracenone 
• 1079-71-6 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene 
• 5325-97-3 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydrophenanthrene 
• 782-27-4 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid 
• 785-17-1 4-oxo-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid 
• 1036648-76-6 2,4,5-tris(ethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid 
• 89-32-7 Pyromellitic dianhydride 
• 604-88-6 hexaethylbenzene 
• 18779-88-9 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzene) 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 
• 34240-10-3 5-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid 
• 528-44-9 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid 

Downstream Products

• 89-05-4 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid 
• 128915-95-7 Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid 1-ethyl ester 
• 6862-68-6 4,6-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)isophthalic acid 
• 604-88-6 hexamethylethylbenzene cation radical 
• 114957-89-0 N,N'-Bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic 1,2:4,5-diimide 
• 101315-11-1 N,N'-bis(2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic 1,2:4,5-diimide 
• 94526-88-2 Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid bis-[2-(2-formyl-phenoxy)-ethyl] ester 
• 91003-04-2 monensin 26-pyromellitate 
• 87537-30-2 2,5-Bis-phenylcarbamoyl-terephthalic acid; compound with methanesulfinylmethane 
• 87537-27-7 2,5-Bis-phenylcarbamoyl-terephthalic acid; compound with N,N-dimethyl-formamide 
• 82755-15-5 4,6-Bis-phenylcarbamoyl-isophthalic acid; compound with N,N-dimethyl-formamide 
• 87537-28-8 2,5-Bis-phenylcarbamoyl-terephthalic acid; compound with N,N-dimethyl-acetamide 
• 60684-14-2 pyromellitic acid dianilide meta isomer 
• 16724-05-3 pyromellitic acid dianilide para-isomer 

Relevant articles and documents

Preparation method for pyromellitic dianhydride

The invention discloses a preparation method for pyromellitic dianhydride. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) reacting metachlorotoluene and dichloroethane for 0.5 to 5 hours inan organic solvent under the catalytic action of aluminium trichloride or ferric chloride, generating 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexamethyldiphenyl ethane, hydrolysing, and removing the solvent to obtain a crude product of the 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexamethyldiphenyl ethane; and (2) heating and gasifying the crude product of the 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexamethyldiphenyl ethane, oxidizing through air at the reaction temperature of 350 to 500 DEG C under the action of a catalyst, and collecting the product to obtain the pyromellitic dianhydride. According to the preparation method for the pyromellitic dianhydride disclosed bythe invention, the product selectivity can reach over 90 percent, the yield is good, the cost is low, and industrial production can be realized.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC IMIDE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

A method for producing a carboxylic acid anhydride includes heating a composition containing a specific compound in a solvent to yield the carboxylic acid anhydride. The solvent is an aprotic polar solvent having a boiling point of 50° C. or more.

A visual volumetric hydrogel sensor enables quantitative and sensitive detection of copper ions

We propose a visual volumetric sensor with 5,6-dicarboxylic fluorescein cross-linked amine-functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel. The sensor undergoes volume response to Cu2+ ions at the μM level, which enables naked-eye quantitative detection by reading the graduation on a pipette.