Kinetics of hydrolysis of bisoprolol hemifumarate in aqueous acidic solutions
The kinetics of hydrolysis of bisoprolol hemifumarate in acidic conditions was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography. For this purpose, different hydrohalic acids and one weak carboxylic acid were used. The rate constants, the order of the reaction, and the activation parameters: enthalpy, entropy, and energy of activation were calculated. A proposition for the mechanism of degradation was provided.
Szalka, Mateusz,Rokaszewski, Edward,Kaczmarski, Krzysztof
PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN ALKOXYLATED ALCOHOL OR PHENOL
Process for preparing an alkoxylated alcohol comprising reacting a starting monohydroxy alcohol selected from secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols and mixtures thereof with an alkylene oxide in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and a boron-containing compound comprising at least one B-O bond. The alcohol may also be a primary monohydroxy alcohol when the boron containing compound is boric acid or boric acid anhydride or a mixture thereof, or may be a primary mono hydroxy alcohol, except a C14/C15 alcohol when reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of HF and trimethyl borate. A phenol may be alkoxylated in the same way instead of the mono-hydroxyalcohol.