- Colloidal tectonics for tandem synergistic Pickering interfacial catalysis: Oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene oxide into adipic acid
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Supramolecular preorganization and interfacial recognition can provide useful architectures for colloidal building. To this aim, a novel approach, based on colloidal tectonics involving two surface-active particles containing both recognition and catalytic sites, has been developed for controlling the formation and the properties of Pickering emulsions. This was illustrated by the combination of dodecyltrimethylammonium phosphotungstate nanoparticles, [C12]3[PW12O40], and silica particles functionalized with alkyl and sulfonic acid groups, [Cn/SO3H]@SiO2. The interfacial self-assembly occurs by the penetration of the alkyl chains of [Cn/SO3H]@SiO2 into the [C12]3[PW12O40] supramolecular porous structure constituted of polar and apolar regions. The emulsions were used as a non-nitric acid route for adipic acid synthesis from the one-pot oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene oxide with aqueous H2O2. The catalytic performance was significantly boosted due to the synergistic interactions between the particles.
- Yang, Bingyu,Leclercq, Lo?c,Schmitt, Véronique,Pera-Titus, Marc,Nardello-Rataj, Véronique
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- Polymer supported vanadium complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of alkenes in water
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Polymer supported vanadium complexes (denoted as c-PMA n -V) were prepared by the complexation of vanadium ions onto a cross linked polyacrylate. c PMA n -V can catalyze the oxidative cleavage of olefins with a large excess of t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or bishydroxylation of olefins with 4 eq. of TBHP. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Hsiao, Ming-Chieh,Liu, Shiuh-Tzung
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- Preparation and characterization of WO3 bonded imidazolium sulfonic acid chloride as a novel and green ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of adipic acid
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A novel nano WO3-bonded imidazolium-sulfonic acid chloride (WO3-IL) was prepared, and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX and BET. The as synthesized WO3 nanoparticle supported ionic liquid is studied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid. Apart from cyclohexene, a few other six-eight membered cyclic alcohols and ketones are converted into their dicarboxylic acids in high yields and in short reaction times employing the same reaction protocol. The synergy between the WO3 and ionic liquid is assumed to play a significant role towards its very high catalytic activity. The recyclability of the catalyst is proved to be noteworthy as the catalyst exhibits no significant change in its catalytic activity even after five cycles of reuse.
- Bhuyan, Bishal,Paul, Bappi,Vadivel, Sethumathavan,Dhar, Siddhartha Sankar
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- Chemical compositions of secondary organic aerosol from the ozonolysis of cyclohexene in the absence of seed particles
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The composition of the aerosol from the ozonolysis of cyclohexene in the absence of seed particles has been investigated by laboratory chamber experiments. The aerosol collected on filters was analyzed by a liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Low-molecular weight products, i.e., dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and hydroxydicarboxylic acids, as well as oligomers with molecular weights more than 200 were found in the aerosol. Copyright
- Sato, Kei
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- Regioselective biotransformations of dinitriles using Rhodococcus sp. AJ270
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A variety of dinitriles have been hydrolysed selectively under very mild conditions using Rhodococcus sp. AJ270. Aliphatic dinitriles NC[CH2]nCN 1 undergo regioselective hydrolysis to give the mono acids 2 with up to 4 methylenes between the nitrile functions while those with n > 4 give the diacids 3 in good yield. Dinitriles NC[CH2]nX[CH2]nCN 4 bearing an ether or sulfide linkage are efficiently transformed into the mono acids 5 when an oxygen is placed β, γ or δ to the cyano group or a β- or γ-sulfur is present. Hydrolysis of N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)anilines 4h-j takes place slowly affording exclusively the monoacids 5h-j while the monocyano amides 5o-p are obtained as the sole isolable product from rapid hydrolysis of the corresponding N,N-bis(2-cyanomethyl)butylamine 4o and N,N-bis(3-cyanopropyl)butylamine 4p. Higher homologues of arylimino- and butylimino-dinitriles are inert to enzymatic hydrolysis. A variety of other aliphatic dinitriles have been converted readily into mono acids in good to excellent yields except for o-phenylenediacetonitrile which gives o-phenylenediacetamide as the major product. The title organism also effects the hydrolysis of aromatic dinitriles with regiocontrol such as m- and p-dicyanobenzenes, but nct the ortho-substituted analogue. The scope and limitations of this enzymatic process have been systematically studied and the mechanism of regioselective hydrolysis has been discussed in terms of a chelation-deactivation effect.
- Meth-Cohn, Otto,Wang, Mei-Xiang
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- Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols at the Nickel Hydroxide Electrode
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Vicinal diols are oxidatively cleaved with good yields by electrolysis at an oxide covered nickel electrode in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and an undivided cell.The method is applied in the synthesis of optical pure derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid.
- Ruholl, Heinrich,Schaefer, Hans J.
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- (-)-Duryne and its homologues, cytotoxic acetylenes from a marine sponge Petrosia sp.
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Six linear acetylenes, (-)-duryne (1) and (-)-durynes B-F (2-6), were isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia sp. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and tandem FABMS analyses. The positions of the olefinic bonds were confirmed by ozonolysis experiments, and the absolute configurations were determined by the modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 was found to be the enantiomer of duryne, a previously reported sponge metabolite. Compounds 1-6 show cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with IC50 values between 0.08 and 0.50 μM. (Chemical Equation Presented).
- Hitora, Yuki,Takada, Kentaro,Okada, Shigeru,Ise, Yuji,Matsunaga, Shigeki
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING DICARBOXYLIC ACID
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A method for producing dicarboxylic acid. The method includes: subjecting a raw material system including a cyclic olefin and a lower monocarboxylic acid to an addition reaction in the presence of an addition reaction catalyst to generate an intermediate product system including cyclic carboxylic acid ester; and subjecting the intermediate product system including cyclic carboxylic acid ester to a ring-opening and oxidation reaction in the presence of an oxidant and an oxidation catalyst to generate a corresponding dicarboxylic acid product. The addition reaction in the dicarboxylic acid synthesis route achieves a high single-pass conversion rate, and the selectivity of the corresponding cyclic carboxylic acid ester is high. The addition-oxidation synthesis route achieves faster reaction rates for both the addition reaction and oxidation reaction, and high yield of corresponding dicarboxylic acid product. The addition-oxidation based synthesis route is suitable for continuous, stable and large-scale production of corresponding dicarboxylic acid product.
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Paragraph 0115
(2021/05/21)
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- Preparation method of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
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The invention discloses a preparation method for aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The preparation method mainly employs acetyl carboxylic acids and/or acetyl carboxylates as raw materials for preparing the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in a high yield through a nonoxidation process. The preparation technology is simple, efficient, short in flow, less in by-product and suitable for large-scale industrialized production, and the obtained aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are high in purity, and are applicable to synthesize polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes and other engineering plastic and are used as chemical engineering raw materials and medicine intermediates.
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Paragraph 0079-0080
(2021/03/17)
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- Direct and Selective Synthesis of Adipic and Other Dicarboxylic Acids by Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Allylic Alcohols
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A general and direct synthesis of dicarboxylic acids including industrially important adipic acid by palladium-catalyzed dicarbonylation of allylic alcohol is reported. Specifically, the combination of PdCl2 and a bisphosphine ligand (HeMaRaphos) promotes two different carbonylation reactions with high activity and excellent selectivity.
- Beller, Matthias,Ge, Yao,Huang, Weiheng,Jackstell, Ralf,Liu, Jiawang,Neumann, Helfried,Yang, Ji
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supporting information
p. 20394 - 20398
(2020/09/21)
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- Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solutions of Diols with Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex
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A catalytic system for the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids from aqueous solutions of diols accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen was developed. An iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridonate ligand with N,N-dimethylamino substituents exhibited a high catalytic performance for this type of dehydrogenative reaction. For example, adipic acid was synthesized from an aqueous solution of 1,6-hexanediol in 97 % yield accompanied by the evolution of four equivalents of hydrogen by the present catalytic system. It should be noted that the simultaneous production of industrially important dicarboxylic acids and hydrogen, which is useful as an energy carrier, was achieved. In addition, the selective dehydrogenative oxidation of vicinal diols to give α-hydroxycarboxylic acids was also accomplished.
- Fujita, Ken-ichi,Toyooka, Genki
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- Pd-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- And Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Terminal Alkyl Olefins with Formic Acid
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An efficient Pd-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with HCOOH is described. A wide variety of linear carboxylic acids bearing various functional groups can be obtained with excellent chemo- and regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO.
- Ren, Wenlong,Chu, Jianxiao,Sun, Fei,Shi, Yian
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supporting information
p. 5967 - 5970
(2019/08/26)
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- Synthetic method of terminal carboxylic acid
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of a terminal carboxylic acid. The synthetic method is characterized by comprising the steps of adding an olefin represented by a formula (3) shown in the description, formic acid, acetic anhydride, Pd(OAc)2 and a monophosphorus ligand TFPP into an organic solvent in a proportion, carrying out hydrogen carbonylation reaction on the olefin represented by the formula (3) shown in the description, formic acid and acetic anhydride at 80-90 DEG C for 48h-72h under the catalysis of the metal palladium salt Pd(OAc)2 and the monophosphorus ligand TFPP so as to obtain the terminal carboxylic acid represented by a formula shown in the description, and separating a target product, namely the terminal carboxylic acid after the reaction is finished, wherein olefin represented by the formula (3) is selected from cycloolefins, or linear olefins of which the R1 is electron donating groups. By virtue of the method disclosed by the invention, corresponding terminal carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof can be prepared through the reaction under mild conditions of low temperature and no high pressure; and the steps of the synthetic method are simple and convenient, the operation is convenient, the yield is high, the energy source can be greatly saved, and the synthetic efficiency can be greatly improved.
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Paragraph 0079-0082
(2019/11/21)
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- Site-Selective, Remote sp3 C?H Carboxylation Enabled by the Merger of Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis
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A photoinduced carboxylation of alkyl halides with CO2 at remote sp3 C?H sites enabled by the merger of photoredox and Ni catalysis is described. This protocol features a predictable reactivity and site selectivity that can be modulated by the ligand backbone. Preliminary studies reinforce a rationale based on a dynamic displacement of the catalyst throughout the alkyl side chain.
- Sahoo, Basudev,Bellotti, Peter,Juliá-Hernández, Francisco,Meng, Qing-Yuan,Crespi, Stefano,K?nig, Burkhard,Martin, Ruben
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supporting information
p. 9001 - 9005
(2019/06/24)
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- A mild reaction condition cyclohepta and catalytic oxidation method (by machine translation)
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A cyclohepta and catalytic oxidation method, said method comprising: the metal porphyrin, cyclohepta mixing, at a temperature of 80 - 120 °C, O2 The pressure 0.6 - 2 mpa reaction under the condition of 2 - 48 H-, after processing reaction liquid, separating the oxidation product [...], suberyl alcohol, [...]; the invention relates to a new method of cyclohepta and catalytic oxidation reaction temperature is low, the catalyst amount is less, but in order to O2 As the oxidizing agent, environmental protection, can be the highly selective oxidation as cyclohepta suberyl alcohol, and [...] suberone cycloheptanone, the cyclohepta and catalytic oxidation of the new method is also easy to operate, and does not use organic solvent, suberone cycloheptanone selectivity and the like. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0015; 0016; 0017; 0018; 0019; 0020; 0021-0040
(2019/04/02)
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- Metal-Free Synthesis of Adipic Acid via Organocatalytic Direct Oxidation of Cyclohexane under Ambient Temperature and Pressure
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A direct metal-free approach for the production of adipic acid from cyclohexane is reported. The use of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst in the presence of HNO3/TFA enables the direct oxidation of cyclohexane to yield adipic acid under ambient temperature and pressure via a simple procedure. This reaction proceeds through an initial oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone oxime and cyclohexanone followed by a second oxidation of these intermediates to adipic acid. NHPI plays a crucial role in both oxidation steps to achieve a high yield and selectivity for adipic acid.
- Matsumoto, Yohei,Kuriyama, Masami,Yamamoto, Kosuke,Nishida, Koyo,Onomura, Osamu
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supporting information
p. 1312 - 1317
(2018/09/25)
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- The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound (by machine translation)
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound industrially useful as a monomer for high molecular compounds in a high yield and good selectivity under mild conditions.SOLUTION: An aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound such as cyclohexane is efficiently oxidized into an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound by oxidizing the aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound with nitric acid or a nitrate, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and an N-hydroxyimide compound. When an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon compound having a symmetric structure is adopted as a raw material, the obtained aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound is single.
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Paragraph 0040; 0049; 0050
(2017/08/02)
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- MIXED OXIDES FOR THE OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF LIPIDS USING OXYGEN TO AFFORD MONO- AND DI-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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This invention relates to the synthesis of new catalysts based on earth crust abundant mixed oxides that can produce cleavage of fatty acids (FA), FA methyl esters, or even lipids in a single step using oxygen as oxidant in solventless conditions.
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Page/Page column 10-11
(2017/12/29)
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- New Strategy for Forging Contiguous Quaternary Carbon Centers via H 2 O 2 -Mediated Ring Contraction
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Stereospecific construction of contiguous quaternary carbon centers constitutes a major challenge in natural product synthesis. A general protocol that enables stereospecific construction of all stereoisomers of such a moiety remains elusive. In this article, we will discuss the oxidative ring contraction of all-substituted cyclic α-formyl ketones mediated by H 2 O 2, which provides a facile access to the stereospecific construction of contiguous quaternary carbon centers.
- Hu, Jiadong,Yu, Xin,Xie, Weiqing
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p. 2517 - 2524
(2017/09/28)
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- Preparation method of carboxylic acid compound
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The invention provides a preparation method of a carboxylic acid compound. The preparation method comprises the following step of taking a lactone component to react with hydrogen in the presence of a compound catalyst to obtain the carboxylic acid compound. The compound catalyst comprises a hydrogenation catalyst and Lewis acid. In the presence of the compound catalyst comprising the hydrogenation catalyst and the Lewis acid, the lactone component is subjected to hydrogenation ring-opening reaction to obtain the carboxylic acid compound. The preparation method has the advantages of moderate reaction conditions and high yield; compared with a traditional method, less byproducts are generated, green and chemical requirements are met and the industrial value is better.
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Paragraph 0113; 0236-0238
(2017/08/29)
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- A Comprehensive Study on Metal Triflate-Promoted Hydrogenolysis of Lactones to Carboxylic Acids: From Synthetic and Mechanistic Perspectives
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Direct hydrogenolysis of lactone to carboxylic acid (i.e., hydrogenolysis of the Calkoxy-O bond with the carbonyl group untouched) is generally difficult, as the current strategies employing Br?nsted acids as the catalyst usually require harsh conditions such as a high temperature and a high H2 pressure. Herein, we report a developed solvent-free catalytic transformation, in which W(OTf)6 is believed to promote the hydrogenolysis process. This strategy could efficiently hydrogenate lactones to carboxylic acids under extra mild conditions (e.g., a reaction temperature of 2) and showed a broad substrate scope. In addition, the catalytic protocol can be further applied to the hydrogenolysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate, as a renewable polymer, to the corresponding straight-chain carboxylic acids. An extensive mechanistic study was subsequently performed, and the density functional theory calculations revealed a reaction pattern, including the complete cleavage of the C=O bond with the assistance of the W(OTf)6 catalyst. Moreover, the key intermediate created in the mechanism, as an oxonium with an OTf moiety, was successfully detected by electrospray ionization mass spectra. Through a comparison with the Br?nsted acid-catalyzed system, the study confirmed that the existence of the OTf moiety can significantly lower the barriers associated with the rearrangement and elimination processes. Meanwhile, emphasis was placed on the critical role that the anion plays, as well as the fact that the anion effect is directly related to the chemoselectivity.
- Zhu, Rui,Jiang, Ju-Long,Li, Xing-Long,Deng, Jin,Fu, Yao
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p. 7520 - 7528
(2017/11/10)
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- PREPARATION METHOD OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR KETONES USING OZONE, SINGLET STATE-OXYGEN ATOM OR HYDROXYL FREE RADICAL
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A preparation method of carboxylic acids or ketones using ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(1D) or hydroxyl free radical is provided. The method includes: filling ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(1D) and/or hydroxyl free radical to cycloalkanes or benzenes at a pre-determined temperature and a pre-determined pressure in the presence or absence of light irradiation to produce carboxylic acids or ketones. The reaction occurs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without producing harmful side products. The preparation method is a simple, low energy consuming, and eco-friendly method.
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Paragraph 0034; 0039
(2016/05/10)
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- RECOMBINANT HOST CELLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MALONATE
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Systems and methods for the production of malonate in recombinant host cells.
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Paragraph 0233
(2016/07/27)
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- Role of added chloride ions in alteration of reaction pathway in the oxidation of cyclic ketones by dichloroisocyanuric acid - A kinetic study
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Effect of added chloride ions on kinetics and pathway of reaction between cyclic ketones (five to eight membered rings) and dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCICA) was studied in aqueous acetic acid - perchloric acid medium. Formation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids as the end products demonstrates the ring cleavage oxidation. Positive effect of acid and negative effect of dielectric constant on the reaction rate reveals a interaction between positive ion (oxidant in the form of H2OCl+) and dipolar substrate molecule. Zero and first orders by oxidant in absence and presence of added chloride ions illustrates the participation of substrate as enolic form of ketone and protonated ketone, respectively, in the rate determining steps. The observed order of reactivity of cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone > cyclooctanone > cyclopentanone > cycloheptanone) was explained on the bases of ring strain, change of hybridization and conformational considerations. The envisaged plausible mechanism based on order of reactants in presence and absence of added chloride ions was substantiated by the order of Arrhenius parameters.
- Lakshman Kumar,Venkata Nadh,Radhakrishnamurti
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p. 376 - 383
(2015/02/19)
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- One-pot room-temperature conversion of cyclohexane to adipic acid by ozone and UV light
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Nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexane accounts for ～95% of the worldwide adipic acid production and is also responsible for ～5 to 8% of the annual worldwide anthropogenic emission of the ozone-depleting greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we report a N2O-free process for adipic acid synthesis.Treatment of neat cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, or cyclohexanone with ozone at room temperature and 1 atmosphere of pressure affords adipic acid as a solid precipitate. Addition of acidic water or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation (or a combination of both) dramatically enhances the oxidative conversion of cyclohexane to adipic acid.
- Hwang, Kuo Chu,Sagadevan, Arunachalam
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p. 1495 - 1498
(2015/02/19)
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- METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF OCTANEDIOIC ACID, PRECURSORS, AND DERIVATIVES
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A method for the manufacture of 1,8-octanedioic acid comprises: reacting gamma-valerolactone with an alcohol in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst to provide an alkyl pentenoate, converting the alkyl pentenoate in the presence of a metathesis initiator to provide the dialkyl octenedioate, reacting the dialkyl octenedioate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate and hydrolyzing the dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate to provide the 1,8-octanedioic acid.
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Paragraph 0091; 0092; 0093
(2014/10/04)
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- Fluorescent detection of amidinium-carboxylate and amidinium formation using a 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene-based diamidine: Dicarboxylic acid recognition with high fluorescence efficiency
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A 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene-based diamidine (1) 'turn-on' fluorescent probe for the detection of dicarboxylic acids has been designed and synthesized. The fluorescence spectra of the diamidine 1 with carboxylic acids that showed two different fluorescence bands, which corresponded to the amidinium-carboxylate (λem=410-430 nm) and amidinium (λem=440-470 nm as a broad band, which consisted from two peaks) formation, were confirmed by DOSY NMR and TD-DFT calculations. The complexation of diamidine 1 with dicarboxylic acids, which have sufficient distances between the two carboxylic groups for binding to the diamidine 1 (dicarboxylic acids 3, 4, and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids 6 (C6-C20)), showed the formation of 1:1 complexes (i.e., amidinium-carboxylate formation). On the other hand, for the complexation with monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids having insufficient distances between the two carboxylic groups (benzoic acid 5, acetic acid 7, and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids 6 (C 3-C5)), formation of the amidinium (1·2H +) was observed. Relatively similar binding constants (10 -5) for the complexation of the diamidine 1 with dicarboxylic acids 6, which depend on their chain length (strain), were observed due to the flexibility of the 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene unit. Additionally, for the complexation of the diamidine 1 with dicarboxylic acids, higher fluorescence quantum yields (Φfl: up to 80%) were observed when compared to the binding of the diamidine 2 (Φfl: up to 35%).
- Kusukawa, Takahiro,Tanaka, Syugo,Inoue, Kouta
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supporting information
p. 4049 - 4056
(2014/06/09)
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- Meteorites as catalysts for prebiotic chemistry
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From outer space: Twelve meteorite specimens, representative of their major classes, catalyse the synthesis of nucleobases, carboxylic acids, aminoacids and low-molecular-weight compounds from formamide (see figure). Different chemical pathways are identified, the yields are high for a prebiotic process and the products come in rich and composite panels.
- Saladino, Raffaele,Botta, Giorgia,Delfino, Michela,Di Mauro, Ernesto
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p. 16916 - 16922
(2014/01/06)
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- Excellent synthesis of adipic acid
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A simple, straightforward, and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of adipic acid from oxidation of cyclohexanone with Oxone in the presence of 0.5mol% RuCl3·nH2O is reported. The reaction completes within a very short time even at room temperature. The generality of the method is shown successfully for synthesis of other C-5 to C-8 dicarboxylic acids.
- Rokhum, Lalthazuala,Bez, Ghanashyam
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experimental part
p. 548 - 552
(2011/04/22)
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- Catalytic oxidative cleavage of olefins by RuO4 organic solvent-free under ultrasonic irradiation
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All the works reported about oxidative cleavage of olefins by the RuCl3/NaIO4 catalytic system have been performed in biphasic water/organic solvent(s). The first organic solvent-free oxidation of C{double bond, long}C double bond by 2% RuCl3/4.1 equiv NaIO4/H2O is described here using both the emulsifier Aliquat 336 and 20 kHz ultrasonic irradiation.
- Rup, Sandrine,Sindt, Michèle,Oget, Nicolas
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scheme or table
p. 3123 - 3126
(2010/08/07)
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- Studies on cytotoxic constituents from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans
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To study the chemical composition of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans, many kinds of chromatography methods were used in the isolation procedures, while the structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of their NMR and MS spectral analysis. As a result, two new compounds were isolated from its ethanolic extract and characterized as cinobufotalin 3-nonanedioylarginine ester (8) and bufotalin 3-pimeloylarginine ester (14). Furthermore, 13 known compounds were obtained. Isolated bufadienolides showed significant inhibition effect against SMMC-7721 cell lines in vitro.
- Zhao, Hu-Yi,Wu, Fu-Kai,Qiu, Ying-Kun,Wu, Zhen,Jiang, Yong-Tao,Chen, Ji-Yong
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experimental part
p. 793 - 800
(2010/12/20)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACID COMPOUND
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The present invention discloses a process for producing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, which comprises oxidizing, with a nitrite or a nitrate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, an alicyclic secondary alcohol compound or an alicyclic ketone compound, in each of which at least one methylene group is bonded to the carbon atom having hydroxyl group bonded thereto or the carbon atom as a member of carbonyl group, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of water of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass % of the total of the trifluoroacetic acid and the water.
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Page/Page column 6-7
(2008/06/13)
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- Improved procedure for ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of alkenes with IG(OH)5
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Oxidative cleavage of alkenes to carboxylic acids catalyzed by cis-[RuCl2-(bipy)2]·2H2O in the presence of IO(OH)5 has been studied in a biphasic (CH3CN-CCl 4-H2O; 1:1:2 v/v) solvent system. Ruthenium tetraoxide seems to be the active catalyst species. Copyright Taylor & Francis LLC.
- Shoair, Abdel Ghany F.,Mohamed, Ramadan H.
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- Exploring the synthetic applicability of a cyanobacterium nitrilase as catalyst for nitrile hydrolysis
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The substrate specificity and synthetic applicability of the nitrilase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 have been examined. This nitrilase catalyzed the hydrolysis of both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding acids in high yields. Furthermore, the stereoselective hydrolysis of phenyl-substituted β-hydroxy nitriles to (S)-enriched β-hydroxy carboxylic acids and selective hydrolysis of α,ω- dinitriles with five or less methylene groups to ω-cyano carboxylic acids have been achieved. This suggested that nitrilase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 could be a useful enzyme catalyst for the "green" nitrile hydrolysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.
- Mukherjee, Chandrani,Zhu, Dunming,Biehl, Edward R.,Hua, Ling
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p. 5238 - 5242
(2007/10/03)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID
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The present invention provides a safe, convenient and efficient method for producing carboxylic acid by a reaction of alicyclic alcohol with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide to thereby obtain carboxylic acid in high yield from alicyclic alcohol or alicyclic ketone under mild reaction conditions, wherein the reaction operation is simple and easy, a step for removing solvent after completion of the reaction is not necessary and influence and toxicity upon the environment and human body are markedly small. In order to provide it, an oily alicyclic alcohol is allowed to react with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal compound belonging to Group 6 of the Periodic Table in a heterogeneous solution system.
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Page/Page column 9
(2008/06/13)
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- Dioxanes and uses thereof
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In recognition of the need to develop novel therapeutic agents and efficient methods for the synthesis thereof, the present invention provides novel compounds of general formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, n, X and Y are as defined herein. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention further provides compounds capable of inhibiting histone deacetylatase activity and methods for treating disorders regulated by histone deacetylase activity (e.g., cancer and protozoal infections) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) to a subject in need thereof. The present invention additionally provides methods for modulating the glucose-sensitive subset of genes downstream of Ure2p. The present invention also provides methods for preparing compounds of the invention.
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- Efficient oxidation of cycloalkanols by sodium nitrite with molecular oxygen in trifluoroacetic acid
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Oxidation of aliphatic cycloalkanols by sodium nitrite in trifluoroacetic acid gave α,ω-dicarboxylic acids in good yields. Adipic acid was obtained in a quantitative yield from cyclohexanol using 1 equiv of sodium nitrite under oxygen atmosphere but the oxidation required more than 3 equiv of sodium nitrite under nitrogen atmosphere. The oxidation method was applicable to the conversion of 1-alkanols to the corresponding carboxylic acids.
- Matsumura, Yoshihiro,Yamamoto, Yutaka,Moriyama, Noriaki,Furukubo, Shigeru,Iwasaki, Fumiaki,Onomura, Osamu
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p. 8221 - 8224
(2007/10/03)
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- Carbon-carbon bond cleavage by cytochrome P450Biol (CYP107H1)
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Cytochrome P450Biol (CYP107H1) is believed to supply pimelic acid equivalents for biotin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: we report here that the mechanistic pathway adopted by this multifunctional P450 for the in-chain cleavage of fatty acids is via consecutive formation of alcohol and threo-diol intermediates, with the likely absolute configuration of the intermediates also reported.
- Cryle, Max J.,De Voss, James J.
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- Dioxanes and uses thereof
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In recognition of the need to develop novel therapeutic agents and efficient methods for the synthesis thereof, the present invention provides novel compounds of general formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, n, X and Y are as defined herein. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention further provides compounds capable of inhibiting histone deacetylatase activity and methods for treating disorders regulated by histone deacetylase activity (e.g., cancer and protozoal infections) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (1) to a subject in need thereof. The present invention additionally provides methods for modulating the glucose-sensitive subset of genes downstream of Ure2p.
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- Alkene and alkyne oxidative cleavage catalyzed by RuO4 in environmentally acceptable solvents
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The application of CCl4, C6Hl2, EtOAc, and Me2CO as solvents for biphasic systems has been compared for oxidative cleavage of alkenes and alkynes by RuO4 to carboxylic acids, using the RuCl3·nH2O-IO(OH)5 reagent for which an improved procedure is described. Cyclohexane is an effective and economic replacement for the environmentally unfriendly CCl 4; acetone and ethyl acetate are less effective.
- Griffith, William P.,Kwong, Eugene
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p. 2945 - 2951
(2007/10/03)
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- Ruthenium-catalysed cleavage of alkenes and alkynes to carboxylic acids
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Catalysis of alkene and alkyne cleavage to carboxylic acids by ruthenium trichloride in the presence of an excess of periodic acid has been studied in biphasic H2O - CCl4-CH3CN media, and is found to be simple and effective. The active catalyst is shown to be RuO4.
- Griffith, William P.,Shoair, Abdel G.,Suriaatmaja, Maria
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p. 3091 - 3095
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic processes initiated by non-classical energy sources
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Non-classical energy sources such as microwave energy, ultrasound and mechanoenergy and their combination with UV-VIS radiation are new tools in synthetic chemistry and chemical processing. Here we describe the application of microwave treatment for selected organic reactions such as (i) enzymatic transesterification of optically active alcohols, (ii) mercury-sensitized gas-phase photolysis of hydrocarbons in the microwave field, (iii) environmentally benign oxidations of olefins and (iv) the application of mechanoenergy separately and in combination with microwave irradiation for special oxidation reactions. Copyright
- Nuechter, Matthias,Ondruschka, Bernd,Jungnickel, Anja,Mueller, Ute
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p. 579 - 586
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidation of 2-substituted cycloalkanones with cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate in alcohols and acetic acid
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The reaction of 2-substituted cycloalkanones with cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate (CS) in alcohols and acetic acid gave the corresponding alkyl esters of oxo acids (80-96%) and oxo acids (78-96%), respectively, by oxidative cleavage of the C(R).C=O bond. In the case of 2-iodocycloalkanones in methanol, the dimethyl ester was obtained in good yield. A treatment of 5α-cholestan-3-one with CS in methanol produced 2-acetal 3-ester of 2,3-seco derivative in good yield. The effects of cerium(IV) and copper(II) salts are also discussed.
- He, Liangyou,Horiuchi, C. Akira
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p. 2515 - 2521
(2007/10/03)
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- Catalytic Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Cyclooctane
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The general and specific features of catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of cyclooctane with molecular oxygen or air suberic acid were studied. It was found that the set of products formed by this oxidation in the presence of different catalysts is determined by the mechanism of the process and by the structure of cyclooctane and its oxygen-containing derivatives.
- Chabutkina,Artem'eva,Kunitskii,Zhukov
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p. 101 - 104
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient oxidative cleavage of olefins to carboxylic acids with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by methyltrioctylammonium tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto)phosphate(3-) under two-phase conditions. Synthetic aspects and investigation of the reaction course
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The oxidative cleavage of alkenes to carboxylic acids with 40% w/v aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by methyltrioctylammonium tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto)phosphate(3-) (1a) is reported to occur in high yields and selectivities under two-phase conditions in the absence of organic solvents. On the basis of a study of the reaction, two main reaction pathways leading to acids have been recognized, the first one involving the perhydrolysis and the second one the hydrolysis of the epoxide initially formed. The "perhydrolytic" reaction pathway appears to play a primary role in the oxidation of medium- and long-chain alkenes to acids, while it intervenes to a rather limited extent in the oxidation of arylalkenes and C5-C7 cycloalkenes. The occurrence of this pathway has been proved by the isolation of the intermediate β-hydroperoxy alcohols and their transformation into acids with H2O2 and la. The course of this transformation, involving an initial oxidation (to α-oxo hydroperoxide) or decomposition (to carbonyl compounds) of the β-hydroperoxy alcohol intermediate, is described. The primary oxidation products, α-hydroperoxy ketones, have been isolated in the case of internal β-hydroperoxy alcohols, whereas their presence has been evidenced with terminal β-hydroperoxy alcohols bearing a secondary hydroxy group. Hydrogen peroxide concentration appears to exert a remarkable influence on medium acidity, and its effects on the reaction efficiency are shown.
- Antonelli, Ermanno,D'Aloisio, Rino,Gambaro, Mario,Fiorani, Tiziana,Venturello, Carlo
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p. 7190 - 7206
(2007/10/03)
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- A new, modulated, oxidative ring cleavage of α-nitrocycloalkanones by Oxone: Synthesis of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl esters
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By the appropriate choice of the reaction conditions Oxone produces the ring cleavage of α-nitrocycloalkanones affording good yields of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl esters, respectively, regardless the ring size and/or the presence of an alkyl group as substituent.
- Ballini, Roberto,Curini, Massimo,Epifano, Francesco,Marcotullio, Maria Carla,Rosati, Ornelio
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p. 1049 - 1050
(2007/10/03)
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- Rationalisation of the regioselective hydrolysis of aliphatic dinitriles with Rhodococcus rhodochrous AJ270
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Aliphatic dinitriles undergo regioselective hydrolysis with the title organism to give monoacids with up to four methylenes between the nitrile functions (optimally 2-3) or when either an oxygen is placed β, γ or δ to the nitrile (δ-placement being optimal) or β or γ (optimally γ) but not δ sulfur substituents are present; nitrogen substituents appear to behave as for oxygen but suffer a steric limitation of the size of the nitrogen substituent.
- Meth-Cohn, Otto,Wang, Mei-Xiang
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p. 1041 - 1042
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidation reactions catalysed by titanium- and chromium-containing silicalites
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While the titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1)-tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) combination exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity in the oxidative cleavage of the C-C double bond of silyl enol ethers to produce dicarboxylic acids, the chemoselective oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides without generation of sulfones is achieved using chromium silicalite-2 (CrS-2)-H2O2.
- Raju, Satya V. N.,Upadhya,Ponrathnam,Daniel,Sudalai
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p. 1969 - 1970
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of 3-Vinyl-1,2,4-trioxolanes by a Cycloaddition of Carbonyl Oxides with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
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The cycloaddition of a carbonyl oxide, generated by the ozonolysis of a vinyl ether, to an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde gave the 3-vinyl-1,2,4-trioxolane (α-vinyl ozonide) in moderate yield.In contrast, α,β-unsaturated ketones showed a very poor reactivity with carbonyl oxides.Benzylidenecyclohexanones were exceptions, from which the corresponding 3-vinyl-1,2,4-trioxolanes were obtained in excellent yields.Reaction of the 3-vinyl-1,2,4-trioxolanes with ozone led to the formation of the corresponding diozonides.
- Mori, Mitsuyuki,Tabuchi, Toshihiko,Nojima, Masatomo,Kusabayashi, Shigekazu
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p. 1649 - 1652
(2007/10/02)
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- Dihydroxyacids from the chlorination of ketones: an unexpected process
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Chlorination of propiophenone in aqueous alkali at room temperature, with low concentrations of hypochlorite, leads to 2-phenylglyceric acid as the major product.This acid is formed by further oxidation of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, which is an intermediate in the oxidation of propiophenone.Formation of this acid is reasonable in the light of other halogenation chemistry.Analogous reactions are observed for butyrophenone, which yields 2,3-dihydroxy-2-phenylbutanoic acid, and for cycloheptanone, which yields 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Key words: 2-phenyl glyceric acid, propiophenone, chlorination, hydrolysis, rearrangement, cycloheptanone, 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid.
- Guthrie, J. Peter,Cossar, John,Lu, Jinqiao
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p. 1904 - 1908
(2007/10/02)
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