- Investigation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-stilbenequinone-based catalyst in the reaction of liquid-phase oxidation of inorganic sulfides
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In this paper, the intermediate and final reaction products of catalytic oxidation of inorganic sulfides in the presence of oxygen dissolved in the kerosene fraction and 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-stilbenequinone were investigated. The thiosulfate and sulfate are major products of the oxidation of sodium sulfide under these conditions. The intermediate and final products in the catalytic oxidation of sulfide sulfur do not affect the rate of its oxidation. The yield of catalytic oxidation products depends on the nature of the sulfide and on the pH of the solution. The catalytic cycle for sulfide oxidation in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-stilbenequinone is shown. The role of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-stilbenequinone is to create a new and a more effective way of electron transfer from the reducing agent (sulfide) to the oxidant (oxygen).
- Hoang, Hien Y.,Akhmadullin, Renat Maratovich,Akhmadullina, Farida Yunusovna,Zakirov, Rustem Kayumovich,Bui, Dinh Nhi,Akhmadullina, Alfiia Garipova,Gazizov, Almir Sabirovich
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- STUDIES ON THE CONCENTRATED STEFFEN FLUID OF BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY - 1. ON THE SALT SEPARATED FROM CONCENTRATED STEFFEN FLUID USING METHANOL AND SULFURIC ACID.
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The chemical desalting technique was applied to the concentrated Steffen fluid using concd sulfuric acid and methanol. The chemical components of the isolated salt were studied by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and
- Ito,Abe,Sasaki,Wakabayashi,Misono
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- Lewis acid base reactions between boron trifluoride and complex oxoanions as a versatile access to fluorooxoanions: Synthesis of sodium (Trifluoroborato)sulfate
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Na2SO4BF3, synthesized in a closed vessel from BF3 and Na2SO4 at 603 K, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (a = 6.6033(2), b = 6.6328(2), c = 6.6349 (1) A, α = 84.542(2), β = 84.458(1) and γ = 65.762(1)°). The novel fluorooxo anion [SO4BF3]2- displays a structure similar to the disulfate anion S2O7 2-. Heating the title compound in the absence of BF3 in the gas phase leads to decomposition even at 553 K, which is below the temperature of synthesis under BF3 pressure. Copyright
- Pilz, Thomas,Jansen, Martin
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- FeCl2-Na2SO3-H2O system as a basis for recovery of iron(II) sulfite from solution
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The FeCl2-Na2SO3-H2O system was studied along seven sections with the molar ratios Na2SO 3: FeCl2 = 5: 1, 5: 2, 5: 3, 5: 4, 5: 5, 5: 10, and 5: 15, including six points on each s
- Motov,Vasekha
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- Evolved gas analyses on a mixed valence copper(I,II) complex salt with thiosulfate and ammonia by in situ TG-EGA-FTIR and TG/DTA-EGA-MS
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Thermal decomposition of a mixed valence copper salt, Na 4[Cu(NH3)4][Cu(S2O3) 2]2?0.5NH3 (1) prepared from pentahydrates of sodium thiosulfate and copper sulphate of v
- Madarasz, Janos
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- Structural, transport, and electrochemical investigation of novel AMSO 4F (A = Na, Li; M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) metal fluorosulphates prepared using low temperature synthesis routes
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We have recently reported a promising 3.6 V metal fluorosulphate (LiFeSO4F) electrode, capable of high capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. In the current work, we extend the fluorosulphate chemistry from lithium to sodium-based systems. In this venture, we have reported the synthesis and crystal structure of NaMSO4F candidates for the first time. As opposed to the triclinic-based LiMSO4F phases, the NaMSO4F phases adopt a monoclinic structure. We further report the degree and possibility of forming Na(Fe1-xMx)SO 4F and (Na1-xLix)MSO4F (M = Fe, Co, Ni) solid-solution phases for the first time. Relying on the underlying topochemical reaction, we have successfully synthesized the NaMSO4F, Na(Fe1-xMx)SO4F, and (Na1-xLi x)MSO4F products at a low temperature of 300 °C using both ionothermal and solid-state syntheses. The crystal structure, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, and reactivity of these new phases toward Li and Na have been investigated. Among them, NaFeSO4F is the only one to present some redox activity (Fe2+/Fe3+) toward Li at 3.6 V. Additionally, this phase shows a pressed-pellet ionic conductivity of 10 -7 S·cm-1. These findings further illustrate the richness of the fluorosulphate crystal chemistry, which has just been recently unveiled.
- Barpanda, Prabeer,Chotard, Jean-Nol,Recham, Nadir,Delacourt, Charles,Ati, Mohamed,Dupont, Loic,Armand, Michel,Tarascon, Jean-Marie
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- Studies on synthetic galloalunites AGa3(SO4) 2(OH)6: Synthesis, thermal analysis, and X-ray characterization
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Stoichiometric end member galloalunites of the general formula AGa 3(SO4)2(OH)6, with A = Na +, K+, Rb+, H3O+, and NH4+ have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. These galloalunites were characterized by chemical methods, thermal analysis (DSC, TG coupled with mass spectroscopy), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stages of thermal decomposition of sodium, potassium and rubidium galloalunite show a common decomposition mechanism forming β-Ga 2O3 and A2SO4 (A = Na+, K+, and Rb+) while ammonium and oxonium galloalunite decompose under formation of pure β-Ga2O3. The thermogravimetric results confirmed the analytical results on the galloalunites and thereby verified the stoichiometry of these synthetic products. Galloalunites with different monovalent cations in A site (i.e. Na+, K+, Rb+, H3O+ and NH 4+) crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3m (#166). The effects of substitution on the unit cell parameters are rationalized in terms of the structural arrangements in galloalunites. The unit cell parameter c increases with increasing effective ionic radii of the cation in the A site, whereas the parameter a changes to a much lesser degree.
- Rudolph, Wolfram W.,Schmidt, Peer
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- Spectral, thermal, and photochemical studies on certain first, second, and third generation cephalosporin antibiotics and their Cd(II) complexes
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The reactions of six cephalosporin antibiotics with cadmium chloride afforded the corresponding Cd(II) complexes. The antibiotics are: cephalexin, cephapirin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Their Cd(II) complexes are of the general formulas Cd(ATB)Cl·xH2O, Cd(ATB)2·xH2O and Cd2(ATB)Cl2·xH2O where ATB = the respective antibiotic, x= 1-3. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, electronic and 1H NMR spectroscopy, thermal decomposition and photochemical behaviour. Thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) have been used to study the stabilities and the thermal decomposition processes of the antibiotics and their Cd(II) complexes. In some cases, the decomposition steps could be correlated with the proper decomposition products, where possible activation energies and order of the decomposition reaction have been calculated from the thermal data. The photochemical behaviour of the antibiotics under investigation and their Cd(II) complexes have been studied. Cephalexin and cefamandole show similar behaviour upon irradiation with light of 298 nm, i.e., an appearance of a new band at long wavelength attributable to the formation of a photocyclization product. The Cd(II) complex of cephalexin exhibits high light sensitivity. Mechanisms of the photolysis of the free antibiotics and Cd-complexes are suggested.
- Osman, Ahmed H.,El-Maali, Nagwa Abo,Aly, Aref A. M.,Al-Hazmi, Gamil A. A.
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- Thermal characteristics of novel NaH2PO4/NaHSO 4 flame retardant system for polyurethane foams
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Thermal behaviour of NaH2PO4/NaHSO4 flame retardant system for polyurethane (PU) rigid foams was investigated by simultaneous TG/DTA under dynamic conditions. It has been found that the most probable mode of action of 5:3
- Kulesza,Pielichowski,Kowalski
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- Study of thermal preparation of iron (III) pigments by means of thermal analysis methods
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The decomposition of hydronium jarosite occurs in two temperature ranges: first a loss of 8 moles of H2O from 2 moles of jarosite, and then in the second step one mole of H2O and 4 moles of SO3 are simultaneously evolved. Fe(OH)(SO4)2 are assumed to be intermediates. During the thermal treatment of Na or K jarosites, only Fe2(SO4)3 appears as intermediate. The decomposition temperatures are significantly influenced by the type of crucible used (determination of partial pressure of gaseous decomposition products). The particle size distribution of the starting jarosite has no effect upon the temperaure of the decomposition steps and the reaction with ZnO. The results of TG measurements were evaluated via calculations of the steps of the experimental activation energies for these partial decomposition jarosites and for their reaction with ZnO.
- Solc,Trojan,Brandova,Kuchler
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- Water-dissolvable sodium sulfate nanowires as a versatile template for the fabrication of polyelectrolyte- and metal-based nanotubes
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This study presents the synthesis of water-dissolvable sodium sulfate nanowires, where Na2-SO4 nanowires were produced by an easy reflux process in an organic solvent, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and formed from the coexistence of AgNO3, SnCl2, dodecylsodium sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Na2SO 2 nanowires were derived from SDS, and the morphology control of the Na2SO4 nanowires was established by the cooperative effects of Sn and NO3-, while CTAB served as the template and led to homogeneous nanowires with a smooth surface. Since the as-synthesized sodium sulfate nanowires are readily dissolved in water, these nanowires can be treated as soft templates for the fabrication of nanotubes by removing the Na2SO4 core. This process is therefore significantly better than other reported methodologies to remove the templates under harsh condition. We have demonstrated the preparation of biocompatible polyelectrolyte (PE) nanotubes using a layer-by-layer (LbL) method on the Na2SO 4 nanowires and the formation of Au nanotubes by the self-assembly of Au nanoparticles. In both nanotube synthesis processes, PEI (polyethylenimine), PAA (poly(acrylic acid)), and Au nanoparticles served as the building blocks on the Na2SO4 templates, which were then rinsed with water to remove the core templates. This unique water-dissolvable template is anticipated to bring about versatile and flexible downstream applications.
- Pu, Ying-Chih,Hwu, Jih Ru,Su, Wu-Chou,Shieh, Dar-Bin,Tzeng, Yonhua,Yeh, Chen-Sheng
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- On the Possibility of Replacing Standard Chromium-Plating Electrolytes with Sulfate-Oxalate Solutions of Cr(III)
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A method for preparing sulfate-oxalate chromium-plating solutions by reducing Cr(VI) from industrial chromium-plating electrolytes to Cr(III) with a Na2SO3 solution is proposed.
- Edigaryan,Polukarov
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- Cation-tuned synthesis of the A2SO4·SbF3 (A = Na+, NH4+, K+, Rb+) family with nonlinear optical properties
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Four antimony fluoride sulfates named A2SO4·SbF3 (A = Na+, NH4+, K+, Rb+) have been successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method by introducing Sb3+ cations with a stereochemically active lone pair in sulfates and subsequently tuning the structure through the second monovalent cations. All of the title compounds are stoichiometrically equivalent materials which share a common structural motif composed of a distorted SO4 tetrahedron and an asymmetric SbF3 polyhedron. However, the macroscopic centricities of these four compounds are significantly influenced by the size and coordination environment of cations; Na2SO4·SbF3 crystallizes in centrosymmetric space groups Cmca and (NH4)2SO4·SbF3 in Pbca, while K2SO4·SbF3 and Rb2SO4·SbF3 crystallizes in noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. Complete characterization including thermal analyses, infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations is also reported. Powder second harmonic generation measurement for noncentrosymmetric K2SO4·SbF3 and Rb2SO4·SbF3 indicated that both of them are type I phase-matchable.
- He, Fangfang,Wang, Lei,Hu, Cuifang,Zhou, Jing,Li, Qian,Huang, Ling,Gao, Daojiang,Bi, Jian,Wang, Xin,Zou, Guohong
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- Liquid-phase oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in centrifugal bubbling apparatus
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Liquid-phase oxidation of H2S in centrifugal-bubbling apparatus in the presence of catalysts [manganese(II) chloride, cobalt phthalocyanine disulfonic acid, and a catalytic system including cobalt phthalocyanine disulfonic acid and MnCl2] was studied.
- Ryazantsev,Malikov,Batoeva,Faddeenkova
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- Synthesis, characterization, and luminescence studies of rare-earth-activated NaMgF3
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NaMgF3-based phosphors have been described frequently in the literature. Their synthesis faces difficulties typical of fluoride materials. A simple precipitation synthesis for NaMgF3-based phosphors is described in this paper. This consisted of mixing aq. NaF and MgCl2/MgSO4 solutions. Various activators could be incorporated by adding the required salts during this process. Characteristic emission of the activators was observed in the prepared phosphors. As-prepared samples exhibited predominantly trivalent lanthanide emission. After thermal treatment in a reductive atmosphere, europium-doped samples showed the intense emission of Eu2+. By virtue of the intense nature of the emission, lifetime measurements could be made for this sample. Notably, intense thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence were observed in NaMgF3:Eu. A simple, fast method for the synthesis of NaMgF3 was therefore developed.
- Singh, Vartika S.,Belsare, Pankaj D.,Moharil, Sanjiv V.
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- PROCESS
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In a process for treating wastewater from a combined gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process, feedstock derived from Municipal Solid Waste or the like is gasified in a reactor (R) and treated in a cleanup unit (C) which generates a first wastewater stream (1st WWT STREAM) containing salts and inorganic pollutants. The first wastewater stream is treated in a treatment unit (T1) to remove inorganic pollutants derived from the syngas. The treatment comprises a) degassing, and subsequently b) neutralising the first wastewater stream before treatment in a Dissolved Air Flotation unit (72c) and filtering in a moving sand bed or similar (72d) to remove solids, and a stripping process to remove ammonia. A second wastewater stream (2nd WWT Stream) containing organic pollutants but being low in salts arises from the F-T process and is treated separately to allow recycling within the F-T process.
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- Layered double hydroxide and zirconium phosphate as ion exchangers for the removal of 'black crusts' from the surface of ancient monuments
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The chloride form of MgAl layered double hydroxide (hereafter MgAlCl) as an anion exchanger and the semisodic form of α-zirconium phosphate (hereafter ZrPNaH) as a cation exchanger are proposed as new cleaning agents for the removal of gypsum from ancient monuments. The ability of these exchangers to capture the calcium and sulphate ions of the gypsum powder was first investigated separately and then as a coupled system. MgAlCl/gypsum, ZrPNaH/gypsum and MgAlCl/ZrPNaH/gypsum mixtures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). ZrPNaH in the form of a wet paste exhibited a rapid uptake of calcium from gypsum powder via Na+ and H+/Ca2+ cation exchange. Gypsum powder was also successfully dissolved by a wet paste of MgAlCl by exploiting the Cl-/SO42- anion exchange reaction. However, the dehydration of the paste favoured the reprecipitation of a secondary gypsum that was characterized by lower crystallinity and smaller particle size than the pristine gypsum. The combination of wet MgAlCl and ZrPNaH showed a synergic effect on the dissolution of gypsum and partially prevented the reprecipitation of gypsum in the dry paste. Finally, a preliminary test of the removal of gypsum crust grown on a sandstone sample was performed.
- Boccalon,Nocchetti,Pica,Romani,Casciola
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supporting information
p. 2976 - 2985
(2018/03/06)
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- OPEN-FLASK HYDROBORATION AND THE USE THEREOF
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The present disclosure generally relates to a process for hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne using ammonia borane (AB). In particular, the present invention relates to hydroboration of an alkene or alkyne in the presence of air or moisture, and a clean process for facile preparation of an alcohol by oxidizing the organoborane so formed with hydrogen peroxide. The products, including aminodialkylboranes, ammonia trialkylborane complexes, as well as various alcohols so prepared, are within the scope of this disclosure.
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Paragraph 0042
(2018/03/25)
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- A photoelectrochemical cell for pollutant degradation and simultaneous H2 generation
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A visible-light driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell comprised of nanostructured BiVO4 photoanode and Pt cathode was established for organic compounds degradation with simultaneous H2 generation. BiVO4 electrode film fabricated by a simple drip-coating method showed a porous nanostructure and an intense absorption in visible light range. The PEC process possesses a rate of about 0.3207 h?1 for MO degradation, which is 8 times and 64 times faster than electrocatalytic (EC) and photocatalytic (PC) process, respectively. A simultaneous H2 generation via the PEC process was also observed and a rate of 34.44 μmol h?1 cm?2 for H2 generation was measured, which is 3 folds more efficient than the EC process. The nanostructured BiVO4 photoanode shows outstanding PEC photocurrent density and recycle performance. The proposed PEC system would be a promising strategy for wastewater treatment and energy recovery with an outstanding stability and recyclability performance.
- Han, Jin,Bian, Yaru,Zheng, Xiuzhen,Sun, Xiaoming,Zhang, Liwu
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p. 2239 - 2243
(2017/09/13)
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- Synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties of iron complexes with mono- and bisformazans in sulfide oxidation and ethylene oligomerization reactions
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Metal complexes with different numbers of iron atoms in a predominantly nitrogen-containing coordination environment have been synthesized on basis of benzothiazole mono- and bisformazans. The composition and structures of the resulting iron coordination compounds have been characterized by electronic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance, and magnetochemistry. The catalytic behavior of these metal chelates in the liquid-phase oxidation of sulfides and the oligomerization of ethylene has been studied.
- Maksakova,Pervova,Belov,Khasbiullin,Ivanova,Frolova,Lipunov
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p. 217 - 223
(2015/05/27)
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- CHIRAL 2-ARYLPROPYL-2-SULFINAMIDE AND CHIRAL N-2-ARYLPROPYL-2-SULFINYLIMINES AND SYNTHESIS THEREOF
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Provided herein are novel chiral sulfinamide and imine compounds. Also provided herein are methods of synthesizing novel chiral sulfinamide and imine compounds comprising simplified purification methods when compared to prior methods. The novel chiral sulfinamide and imine compounds are useful, for example, in the synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceutical important compounds.
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(2014/09/30)
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- The unique bis-(disulfato)-aurate anion [Au(S2O 7)2]-: Synthesis and characterization of Li[Au(S2O7)2] and Na[Au(S2O 7)2]
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The reaction of Au(OH)3 and oleum (65% SO3) in the presence of M2SO4 (M = Li, Na) afforded yellow single crystals of Li[Au(S2O7)2] (triclinic, P1, Z = 1, a = 532.20(3), b = 649.69(4), c = 836.72(5) pm, α = 107.982(2)°, β = 90.171(2)°, γ = 102.583(2)°, V = 267.80(3) A3) and Na[Au(S2O7) 2] (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 533.31(3), b = 1193.38(7), c = 907.67(5) pm, β = 98.548(3)°, V = 571.26(6) A3). Both compounds exhibit the unprecedented [Au(S 2O7)2]- anion in which a square planar coordination of the central gold atom is achieved by the chelating attachment of two disulfate groups. The disulfates were characterized by means of IR spectroscopy and DTA/TG measurements. For both compounds, the decomposition occurs via several steps and is finished at about 450 °C at the stage of elemental gold and the sulfates M2SO4 (M = Li, Na), as revealed by X-ray powder diffraction of the residues.
- Logemann, Christian,Wickleder, Mathias S.
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p. 11111 - 11116
(2012/01/14)
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- Kinetics of the interaction of iron, copper, and nickel sulfides with a sodium nitrate-sodium carbonate mixture
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The interaction of FeS2, Cu2S, and Ni 3S2 with sodium nitrate and sodium carbonate between 573 and 973 K has been investigated by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron probe X-ray microanalysis, and thermal analysis. The kinetic limitations in these reactions are due to the formation of a passivating layer of reaction products on metal sulfide particles. The solid products of the reactions are sodium sulfate, Fe2O3, CuO, NiO, and copper metal. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011.
- Bogorodskii,Rybkin,Barankevich
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p. 831 - 834
(2012/03/12)
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- CROSS-LINKED ALGINATE-POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL POLYMER COATINGS FOR ENCAPSULATION AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
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A biocompatible capsule comprising a biological material encapsulated by a covalently stabilized coating and a method of making the same are disclosed. The biological material can be a material selected from the group consisting of cells, such as islets of Langerhans, pharmaceuticals, and biological agents. The coating can be formed by reacting an alginate-[polyalkylene glycol (PAG)-X1]n, and a multi-functional PAG-X2, to form covalent bonds, wherein n is an integer greater than 0, a first one of X1 and X2 is N3, and a second one of X1 and X2 is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R1=CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, R2=N(CH3)2, OCH3, OH, CH3, H, F, Cl, Br or NO2, and R3=OCH3, CH3, H, F, Cl or NO2.
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- Na2so4 monocrystal nanowires - aspect ratio control and electron beam radiolysis
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This paper presents the synthesis of water-dissolvable Na 2SO4 nanowires and nanorods by a simple chemical reaction between CuSO4 and NaBH4 In ethylene glycol. By adjusting the pH and the monomer concentration, the aspect ratio and size of the Na 2SO4 nanowires could be tuned. Na2SO 4 nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanowires, and submicrorods were obtained. Optimal chemical potential is believed to be the dominant driving force for the growth of Na2SO4 nanowires during the synthesis. We also demonstrated the Na2SO4 nanotubes obtained by the electron beam radiolysis of Na2SO4 nanowires. The mechanism of selective radiolysis is also investigated.
- Zheng, Ruiting,Gao, Jinwei,Yang, Tengfei,Lan, Yucheng,Cheng, Guoan,Wang, Dezhi,Ren, Zhifeng,Chen, Gang
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p. 6748 - 6754
(2010/09/17)
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- Dry mechanochemical conversion of SrSO4 to SrCO3
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The effect of milling time on the dry conversion of celestite, SrSO4, to SrCO3 using sodium carbonate in a planetary type ball mill was investigated. After milling, the powders were leached in distilled water at room temperature and the solids then washed with 1 N HCl to separate the products. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that SrSO4 started to transform to SrCO3 within 10 min of milling and the extent of conversion increased with milling time reaching >90% after 30 min. A 3 was obtained in 30 min by increasing the molar ratio of Na2CO3:SrSO4 to 1.3:1.
- Setoudeh,Welham,Azami
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p. 389 - 391
(2010/06/14)
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- Synthesis and properties of Na6[Pb(S2O 3)4] · 6H2O
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Conditions for the synthesis of the water-soluble lead thiosulfate complex Na6[Pb(S2O3)4] · 6H2O were determined. The complex synthesized was characterized by UV and IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase and thermal a
- Egorov
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p. 179 - 185
(2010/06/17)
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- Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur
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Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na2SO 4, Na2S2O7, Na2S 2O6, Na2SO3, Na2S 2O5, Na2S
- Jaszczak-Figiel, Beata,Gontarz
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p. 147 - 154
(2009/05/06)
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- Deep catalytic treatment of waste gas from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide at processing products of detoxication of toxic substances
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The Russian Federation in January 1993 signed the Parisian "Convention about the prohibition of development, production, accumulation and application of chemical weaponry and about its destruction." In 1996 Federal target program "The destruction of the reserves of chemical weaponry in the Russian Federation" that has status of presidential was approuved for purposes of the realization of the Convention. The convention came into force on April 29, 1997.
- Baibikov,Vlasov,Kozen,Buravtseva,Balduev
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p. 1721 - 1728
(2011/06/20)
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- Technique for treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in field-grown grains and legumes by application of acid-activated sodium chlorite solution
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A technique for reducing fungal disease in growing grain-producing grasses and growing legume plants involves the generation of chlorine dioxide gas by dissolution of sodium chlorite with an activating acid in an aqueous solution, followed by foliar application of the gas to grasses or legume plants growing in fields. The most preferred acid solution contains urea sulphuric acid (monocarbamide dihydrogen sulphate).
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Page/Page column 2
(2009/01/20)
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- Study on the non-isothermal kinetics of decomposition of 4Na 2SO4?2H2O2?NaCl
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The non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 4Na2SO 4?2H2O2?NaCl have been investigated by simultaneous TG-DSC in nitrogen atmosphere and in air. The decomposition processes undergo a single step reaction. The multivariate nonlinear regression technique is used to distinguish kinetic model of 4Na2SO 4?2H2O2?NaCl. Results indicate that the reaction type Cn can well describe the decomposition process, the decomposition mechanism is n-dimensional autocatalysis. The kinetic parameters, n, A and E are obtained via multivariate nonlinear regression. The n th-order with autocatalysis model is used to simulate the thermal decomposition of 4Na2SO4?2H2O 2?NaCl under isothermal conditions at various temperatures. The flow rate of gas has little effect on the decomposition of 4Na 2SO4?2H2O2?NaCl.
- Hong-Kun,Cao,Dao-Sen,Wen-Lin,Ya-Qong,Qi-Shu
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p. 531 - 536
(2008/10/09)
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- Biochemical Synthesis of 6-Amino Caproic Acid
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The invention relates to biochemical synthesis of 6-amino caproic acid from 6-aminohex-2-enoic acid compound or from 6-amino-2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, by treatment with an enzyme having α,β-enoate reductase activity towards molecules containing an α,β-enoate group and a primary amino group. The invention also relates to processes for obtaining suitable genetically engineered cells for being used in such biotransformation process, and to precursor fermentation of 6-amino caproic acid from intermediates leading to 6-amino caproic acid. Finally, the invention relates to certain novel biochemically produced compounds, namely 6-aminohex-2-enoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, as well as to caprolactam produced therefrom and to nylon-6 and other derivatives produced from such biochemically produced compounds or caprolactam.
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- Phase transitions and second-harmonic generation in sodium monothiophosphate
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Oxythiophosphate compounds, which contain anions comprised of oxidized phosphorus bound to oxygen and sulfur, are scarce and, in general, poorly characterized. Although α-Na3PO3S has been known for over 60 years, little has been reve
- Takas, Nathan J.,Aitken, Jennifer A.
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p. 2779 - 2781
(2008/10/09)
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- Synthesis and structure of the bilayer hydrate Na0.3NiO 2·1.3D2O
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The metal oxide bilayer deuterate (hydrate) Na0.3NiO 2·1.3D2O (Na0.3NiO2·1. 3H2O) were prepared from NaxNiO2 by extracting Na+ cations and simultaneously intercalating fully and nondeuterated water. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy were used to show that a Na0.3(D2O)1.3 network separates layers of edge-sharing NiO6 octahedra.
- Park, Sangmoon,Lee, Yongjae,Elcombe, Margaret,Vogt, Thomas
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p. 3490 - 3492
(2008/10/09)
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- A thermogravimetric study of the alunites of sodium, potassium and ammonium
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Thermogravimetry in tandem with mass spectrometry has been used to characterise the thermal decomposition of synthetic alunites of potassium, sodium and ammonium. Three mechanisms of decomposition are observed (a) dehydration, (b) dehydroxylation and (c) desulphation. The thermal decomposition of the three alunites is different. For NH4-alunite, an additional process of de-ammoniation is observed which occurs simultaneously with dehydration. Dehydroxylation takes place in a series of four steps. De-sulphation occurs for K-alunite at 680°C in a single step in comparison with Na and NH4 alunites where de-sulphation is observed in a series of four steps. The temperature of desulphation is cation dependent. The thermal decomposition is not completed until around 800°C.
- Frost, Ray L.,Wain, Daria L.,Wills, Rachael-Anne,Musemeci, Anthony,Martens, Wayde
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- Differential thermal analysis under quasi-isothermal, quasi-isobaric conditions (Q-DTA): Part IV. Latent error in the determination of the decomposition heat of salt hydrates decomposing congruently and incongruently
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The authors disclosed by the simultaneous Q-DTA, Q-TG method a latent, till now not known error in determining the decomposition heat of salt hydrates decomposing congruently or incongruently. This error cannot be shown by the traditional calorimetric or thermoanalytical methods owing to overlapping of the processes taking part in the heat decomposition, it can only be detected and eliminated by applying the simultaneous Q-DTA, Q-TG method of very high resolution and selectivity. A calculation technique is elaborated for the elimination of this error.
- Paulik,Bessenyey-Paulik,Walther-Paulik
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- Differential thermal analysis under quasi-isothermal, quasi-isobaric conditions (Q-DTA): Part III. Mechanism of congruent and incongruent phase transformations of salt hydrates
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By using the "simultaneous Q-DTA, Q-TG measuring technique" elaborated recently, conditions near to the requirements of thermodynamics can be created, thus the "normalized" course of curves taken by this method, their characteristic temperatures or the va
- Paulik,Bessenyey-Paulik,Walther-Paulik
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- Modulators of LXR
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Compounds of the invention, such as compounds of formula (I): where n, m, A, B, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined herein, are useful as modulators of the activity of liver X receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds are also disclosed.
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- Bioimplant formulation
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A pharmaceutical and/or veterinary formulation comprising about 2-30% (w/w) (on an active basis) of at least one active agent, about 0.5-20.0% (w/w) of a pore-foaming agent and the balance stearin. Such formulations provided release of the at least one active agent in humans and other animals for periods of 7 days up to about 2 years.
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- A novel method of non-violent dissolution of sodium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of Epsom salt
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A new technique of non-violent and fast dissolution of sodium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of Epsom salt (MgSO4.7H2O) at room temperature (RT) has been developed. The dissolution process is mildly exothermic but could be carried out even in a glass beaker in air under swift stirring condition. The reaction products consist of mixed salts of MgSO 4 and Na2SO4 as well as Mg(OH)2 which are only mildly alkaline and hence are non-corrosive and non-hazardous unlike NaOH. A 50mL solution having Epsom salt concentration of 2M was found to give the optimal composition for disposal of 1g of sodium. Supersaturated (>2.7M), as well as dilute (a solid waste of 4.7g per g of sodium dissolved which is comparable with the waste (4g) produced in 8M NaOH solution. A 1.4M Epsom solution sprayed with a high-pressure jet cleaner at RT in air easily removed the sodium blocked inside a metal pipe made of mild steel. The above jet also dissolved peacefully residual sodium collected on the metal tray after a sodium fire experiment. No sodium fire or explosion was observed during this campaign. The Epsom solution spray effectively neutralized the minor quantity of sodium aerosol produced during this campaign. This novel technique would hence be quite useful for draining sodium from fast breeder reactor components and bulk processing of sodium as well as for sodium fire fighting.
- Lakshmanan,Prasad,Ponraju,Krishnan
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p. 3460 - 3468
(2008/10/09)
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- Frangible compounds for pathogen inactivation
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Compounds and methods for inactivating pathogens in materials are described, including compositions and methods for inactivating pathogens in biological materials such as red blood cell preparations and plasma. The compounds and methods may be used to treat materials intended for in vitro or in vivo use, such as clinical testing or transfusion. The compounds are designed to specifically bind to and react with nucleic acid, and then to degrade to form breakdown products. The degradation reaction is preferably slower than the reaction with nucleic acid.
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- Amides, useful in the inhibition of il-8-induced chemotaxis of neutrophils
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N-(2-aryl-propionyl)-amides of formula (I) are described. The process for their preparation and pharmaceutical preparations thereof are also described. The amides of the invention are useful in the prevention and treatment of tissue damage due to the exacerbate recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (leukocytes PMN) at the inflammatory sites. In particular, the invention relates to the R enantiomers of N-(2-aryl-propionyl)amides of formula (I) for use in the ihibition of the chemotaxis of neutrophils induced by IL-8. The compounds of the invention are used in the treatment of psoriasis, ulcerative cholitis, glomerular nephritis, acute respiratory insufficiency, idiopathic fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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- A pressure-resistant small-scale reaction calorimeter that combines the principles of power compensation and heat balance (CRC.v4)
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An improved version of a small-scale reaction calorimeter fitted with an integrated infrared-attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) probe has been developed. The new device has a sample volume of 20-50 mL, a metal block as an intermediate thermostat and is applicable to higher pressure up to 30 bar. Isothermal conditions are maintained using the power compensation principle. Peltier elements are implemented to compensate the change of the heat-transfer coefficient during the measurement, making time-consuming calibrations unnecessary.The Hastelloy reactor vessel is easily exchangeable and is available with and without the IR-ATR probe. The new combined reaction calorimeter (CRC.v4) has been characterized by using test reactions such as neutralization of NaOH, hydrolysis of acetic anhydride, and acetylation of a substituted benzopyranol. The characteristics of the new equipment and those of an earlier published version are compared.
- Visentin, Fabio,Gianoli, Stefano I.,Zogg, Andreas,Kut, Oemer M.,Hungerbuehler, Konrad
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p. 725 - 737
(2013/09/03)
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- TREATMENT OF MALARIA WITH FARNESYL PROTEIN TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS
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Disclosed is a method of treating Malaria comprising administering an effective amount of an FPT inhibitor to a patient in need of such treatment alone or in combination with an additional antimalarial agent andlor agent for reversing antimalarial resistance. Also disclosed are novel Farnesyl Protein Transferase inhibitors.
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- Treatment of trypanosoma brucei with farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors
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Disclosed is a method of treating and or preventing infections of Trypanosoma brucei by administering to a patient, in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitor alone or in combination with an additional anti-Trypanosoma brucei agent and/or an anti-Trypanosoma brucei resistance reversing agent.
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- PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PHENOL AND BIPHENOLS
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A process is described for the recovery of phenol and biphenols from their homogeneous mixtures containing benzene, sulfolane and water, which is based on the use of an alkaline solution and benzene for the separation of biphenols from sulfolane, after removing the benzene, H2O and phenol contained in the reaction effluent. The process allows the recovery of phenol and biphenol by-products dissolved in sulfolane, directly obtaining the purified solvent containing the benzene necessary for the feeding to the reactor for the direct oxidation of benzene, as well as the biphenols dissolved in water and pure phenol.
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- Aromatic derivatives and iron complexes thereof for the use as normalizing agents of the iron level
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The present invention is directed to aromatic derivatives of formula (I), wherein: R1is (a), wherein R3and R4are selected from between H and OH, provided that R3and R4are not simultaneously H, and R2is H; or R1and R2taken together, are (b), wherein R5is selected from between CH3and (CH2)5OH, to the iron complexes thereof, and to their use for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the normalization of iron level.
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- Imidazopyridines and related derivatives as selective modulators of bradykinin B2 receptors
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Disclosed are compounds of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof wherein A, B, C, D, Y, R1, R3, R4, R5, and R6are variables defined herein, which compounds are modulators of Bradykinin B2receptors. These compounds are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, heart failure, hypertension, Meniere's disease, vaginal inflammation and pain, peripheral circulatory disorders, climacteric disturbance, retinochoroidal circulatory disorders, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, postmyocardial infarction syndrome, angina pectoris, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, ileus, diabetes, diabetic complications, male infertility, glaucoma, pain, asthma, and rhinitis and for the increase of permeability of the blood-brain barrier or the blood-brain-tumor barrier.
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- HETEROARYL FUSED AMINOALKYL-IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES: SELECTIVE MODULATORS OF GABAA RECEPTORS
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Disclosed are compounds of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof wherein the A, B, C, D, X, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, and R 6, are variables defined herein, which compounds are highly selective agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists for GABAa brain receptors or prodrugs of agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists for GABAa brain receptors, and are therefore useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, Down Syndrome, sleep, cognitive and seizure disorders, depression, overdose with benzodiazepine drugs, and enhancement of memory and alertness.
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- Aryl and hetroaryl fused aminoalkyl-imidazole derivatives: selective modulators of bradykinin B2 receptors
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Disclosed are compounds of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof wherein: A, B, C and D are N or CH; X is a bond or (un)substituted CH2; R1is lower alkenyl or (un)substituted lower alkyl; R3is lower alkyl; and R2, R4, R5, and R6are variables defined herein; which compounds are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, heart failure, hypertension, Meniere's disease, vaginal inflammation and pain, peripheral circulatory disorders, climacteric disturbance, retinochoroidal circulatroy disorders, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, postmyocardial infarction syndrome, angina pectoris, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, ileus, diabetes, diabetic complications, male infertility or glaucoma, or for the increase of permeability of blood-brain barrier, pain, asthma, and rhinitis.
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- 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase inhibitors
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The present invention relates to aminocyclohexanol derivatives useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipemia, arteriosclerosis, vascular diseases, mycoses, gallstones, tumors and/or hyperproliferative disorders, and treatment and/or prophylaxis of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
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- Photoelectrochemical device containing a quantum confined group IV semiconductor nanoparticle
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A process for reacting a molecule using light as an energy source is described which comprises exposing the molecule to a catalyst material, the catalyst material in contact with an illuminated, quantum confined Group IV semiconductor domain of silicon or germanium. The Group IV semiconductor domain having a band gap greater than bulk silicon and sufficiently large for reacting the molecule. The process is particularly useful in decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen, as well as photocatalytically degrading pollutants in a waste stream. A device based on a Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles for conducting photo electrochemistry is also disclosed.
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Page column 10-11
(2010/01/31)
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