108-03-2 Usage
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 108-03-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Colorless liquid.Soluble in
water 1.4 mL/100 mL (20C); solubility of water in
1-nitropropane 0.5 cc/100 cc (20C).
2. 1-Nitropropane is a colorless liquid with a mild,
fruity odor.
Physical properties
Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 510
mg/m3 (140 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974).
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 108-03-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Solvent for organic materials; propellant
fuel; gasoline additive
2. The solvent of 1-Nitropropane is mainly used coatings, inks and separation processes.
3. Solvent, chemical synthesis, rocket propellant,
gasoline additive.
Production Methods
1-Nitropropane is produced by vapor-phase nitration of propane with nitric acid
(Baker and Bollmeier 1978) or by the vapor-phase nitration of butanol (HSDB
1988).
Hazard
Flammable, moderate fire risk, moderate
explosion hazard when shocked or heated. Liver
damage, eye and upper respiratory tract irritant.
Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Humans exposed briefly to vapors of 1-nitropropane were found to have concentrations
exceeding 100 p.p.m. irritating to the eyes (HSDB 1988). The chemical
may produce anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea as well as injury to the liver and
kidneys in exposed humans. High concentrations of the chemical also may
produce methemoglobinemia with cyanosis. 1-Nitropropane vapors also are
damaging to the lungs. 1-Nitropropane is, however, more acutely irritating to mucus membranes than 2-nitropropane. Despite this, the TLV for human exposure
to 2-nitropropane is less than that for 1-nitropropane, based on the carcinogenic
potential of 2-nitropropane in rats.
Industrial uses
1-Nitropropane is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, vinyl resins and lacquers.
It is also used as a gasoline additive (HSDB 1988).
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by
inhalation. A human eye irritant. Human
systemic effects by inhalation: conjunctiva
irritation. Mutation data reported. Very
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat,
open flame, or oxidizers. Reacts violently
with Ca(OH)2, hydrocarbons, hydroxides,
inorganic bases. May explode on heating.
Metal oxides increase its sensitivity to
thermal ignition. To fight fire, use alcohol
foam, CO2, dry chemical, water spray. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NOx. See also 2-
NITROPROPANE, NITROALKANES,
and NITRO COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure
1-Nitropropane is used as a solvent
for polymers, as a stabilizer; and in organic synthesis.
Note: Technical products measurably contaminated with
2-Nitropropane, see also 2-Nitropropane (N: 0550)
Metabolism
1-Nitropropane is a substrate for the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent
mixed-function oxidase system. Oxidative denitrification of 1-nitropropane by
phenobarbital-induced rat microsomes occurred at a rate of 0.6 nmole/min/mg
protein. This rate was much slower than for 2-nitropropane which was metabolized
at 2.4 nmole/min/mg microsomal protein (Ullrich et al 1978).
The role of the cytochrome P-450 system in vivo in 1-nitropropane metabolism
is unknown. Bray and James (1958) isolated a small amount of a mercapturic acid
metabolite from the urine of rabbits dosed with 1-nitropropane.
Shipping
UN2608 Nitropropanes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
Purification Methods
Purify it as for nitromethane. [Beilstein 1 IV 229.]
Incompatibilities
1-Nitropropane, a nitroparaffinin, forms
exposive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers
(chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates,
chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires
or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, reducing agents;
nitrates, amines, hydrocarbons, and other combustible
materials; metal oxides. May explode on heating.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 108-03-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,0 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 108-03:
(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*8)+(2*0)+(1*3)=32
32 % 10 = 2
So 108-03-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3
108-03-2Relevant articles and documents
-
Bachman,Pollack
, p. 713,715,716 (1954)
-
Formation of Organic Nitro-compounds in Flowing H2O2+NO2+N2+Organic Vapour Systems. Part 2.-H2O2+NO2+N2+Alkane System
Baulch, Donald L.,Campbell, Ian M.,Chappel, Jonathan M.
, p. 609 - 616 (1984)
The principal products from the surface-initiated reactions in flowing mixtures of H2O2, NO2,N2 and RH, where RH=ethane, propane, n-butane and n-pentane, have been identified as the nitroalkane, alkyl nitrite and alkyl nitrate.The product yields have been measured; in the case of propane the variation of the yields with total gas pressure has also been studied.Values have been obtained for the relative rates of primary and secondary H-atom abstraction from each alkane by OH and for the rate-constant ratios k3/k4 and k5/k6 at 298 K:.The trends in the product yields with the variation of pressure and change of R indicate that RO radicals are produced via reactions (4)-(6) rather than by a single-step reaction of R with NO2.
Formation of Organic Nitro-compounds in Flowing H2O2+NO2+N2+Organic Vapour Systems. Part 3.-Effects of O2 Addition on H2O2+NO2+N2+Alkane Systems
Baulch, Donald L.,Campbell, Ian M.,Chappel, Jonathan M.
, p. 617 - 628 (1984)
The effects of oxygen on the product distribution from the surface-initiated reactions in flowing mixtures of H2O2, NO2, N2 and RH, where RH=ethane, propane, n-butane and n-pentane, at 298 K have been studied.In the absence of O2, the principal products are the corresponding nitroalkane, alkyl nitrite and alkyl nitrate.In the presence of sufficiently large concentrations of O2, the predominant product is the alkyl nitrate and the only other products of significance, in some cases, are the corresponding carbonyl compounds.The variation of the product yields with / gives values for the rate-constant ratios k8/(k3+k4) for reaction at both primary and secondary radical sites:.Possible mechanisms by which the products are formed are discussed.
Synthesis of nitroalkanes from alkylhalides under mild and nonaqueous conditions by using polymer supported nitrites
Zarchi, Mohammad Ali Karimi,Zarei, Amin
, p. 309 - 311 (2005)
Alkyl halides are efficiently converted to their corresponding nitroalkanes under mild and nonaqueous conditions by using polymer supported nitrites. The polymeric reagent is regenerable.
-
Matasa,Hass
, p. 1284,1287 (1971)
-
Green synthesis of low-carbon chain nitroalkanes via a novel tandem reaction of ketones catalyzed by TS-1
Chu, Qingyan,He, Guangke,Xi, Yang,Wang, Ping,Yu, Haoxuan,Liu, Rui,Zhu, Hongjun
, p. 46 - 50 (2018/02/09)
A green and efficient one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of low-carbon chain nitroalkanes via a novel TS-1 catalyzed tandem oxidation of ketones with H2O2 and NH3. The tandem reaction including ammoxidation, oximation and oxidation of oximes, afforded up to 88% yield and 98% chemo-selectivity requiring only 90 min, at 70 °C and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, this method was even amenable to 100-fold scale-up without loss of chemical efficiency with 87% yield, represents a significant advance towards industrial production of nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the plausible mechanism of TS-1 catalyzed tandem oxidation of ketones to prepare nitroalkanes was proposed.
PROCESS FOR NITROALKANE RECOVERY BY AQUEOUS PHASE RECYCLE TO NITRATION REACTOR
-
Page/Page column 16-17, (2011/05/06)
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.
Process For Nitroalkane Recovery By Aqueous Phase Recycle To Nitration Reactor
-
Page/Page column 5, (2011/05/03)
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.
