Glycerin

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Glycerin
• CAS No.: 56-81-5
• Deprecated CAS: 29796-42-7,30049-52-6,37228-54-9,75398-78-6,78630-16-7,8013-25-0,1400594-62-8,1422250-43-8,1629856-20-7,1400594-62-8,1422250-43-8,30049-52-6,30918-77-5,37228-54-9,78630-16-7,8013-25-0
• Molecular Formula: C3H5(OH)3
• Molecular Weight: 92.0947
• Hs Code.: 1520.10 Oral rat LD50: 12,600 mg/kg
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-289-5
• ICSC Number: 0624
• NSC Number: 759633,9230
• UNII: PDC6A3C0OX
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9020663
• Nikkaji Number: J1.916J
• Wikipedia: Glycerol
• Wikidata: Q132501
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C29077
• RXCUI: 4910
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37092
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL692
• Mol file: 56-81-5.mol

Synonyms:1,2,3-Propanetriol;1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane;Glycerin;Glycerine;Glycerol

Chemical Property of Glycerin

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colorless to brown colored liquid
• Vapor Pressure: <1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
• Melting Point: 18 °C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.474(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 289.999 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 14.15(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 160 °C
• PSA: 60.69000
• Density: 1.298 g/cm³
• LogP: -1.66810
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: H2O: 5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
• Water Solubility.: >500 g/L (20 ºC)
• XLogP3: -1.8
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 2
• Exact Mass: 92.047344113
• Heavy Atom Count: 6
• Complexity: 25.2

Purity/Quality:

>99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Glycerol ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn,F
• Hazard Codes: F,Xn
• Statements: 36-20/21/22-11
• Safety Statements: 24/25-39-26

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Alcohols and Polyols, Other
• Canonical SMILES: C(C(CO)O)O
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Evaluation of Fecal Microbiome Changes After Antegrade Continence Enema Placement and Initiation of Bowel Flush Regimen
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Comparison of transanal irrigation and glycerol suppository in treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Effects of vitamin D supplementation on risks of delayed relapse or death in patients with cancer and especially in a subgroup of patients with p53-positive cancer
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.
• Industrial Byproduct and Production: Glycerin is generated as a byproduct of the biodiesel industry in significant quantities.; It is used in the production of glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a commonly used monoglyceride in cosmetics, personal care, and food sectors.; GMS is produced commercially through esterification or transesterification processes involving glycerin.
• Applications in Sensing and Optics: Glycerin is utilized in the fabrication of temperature sensors, such as polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PMPCF) sensors.; PMPCF sensors filled with glycerin solutions exhibit high sensitivity in temperature measurement based on Sagnac interference.
• Applications in Food Processing and Material Science: Glycerin is employed as a plasticizer in food processing to enhance material flexibility.; It induces hydrophobic cross-linking and crystalline domains in organic solvents, which can reduce the water sensitivity of protein scaffolds; It is used in the modification of soy protein for the fabrication of porous three-dimensional scaffolds.
• Applications in Polymerization and Material Processing: Glycerin is recommended for submersion of resin during the post-polymerization process by some resin manufacturers.; It improves the mechanical properties of materials during bulk polymerization at elevated temperatures.
• Applications in Distillation and Separation: Glycerin is effective in suppressing the azeotropic behavior of ethanol-water mixtures and increasing the relative volatility of ethanol to water.; It serves as an entrainer for extractive distillation, increasing the purity of produced ethanol.; Glycerin-water mixtures are used for the absorption of ethanol vapor carried by CO2, enhancing absorption rates compared to pure water.

Technology Process of Glycerin

There total 598 articles about Glycerin which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

D-sorbitol (50-70-4) → tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9,24979-97-3,77392-70-2) + TETRAHYDROPYRANE (142-68-7) + 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (96-47-9) + 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (1003-38-9) + methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + 2-Methylcyclopentanone (1120-72-5) + 3-methyl-cyclopentanone (1757-42-2,6195-92-2) + propylene glycol (57-55-6,63625-56-9) + ethanol (64-17-5) + n-hexan-3-ol (623-37-0) + 2-methylpentan-1-ol (105-30-6) + (S)-Ethyl lactate (687-47-8) + pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + vinyl formate (692-45-5) + n-hexan-2-one (591-78-6) + n-hexan-3-one (589-38-8) + Isopropyl acetate (108-21-4) + 3-Hydroxy-2-pentanone (3142-66-3,113919-08-7) + acetic acid (64-19-7,77671-22-8) + propionaldehyde (123-38-6) + 2-Pentanone (107-87-9) + propionic acid (802294-64-0,79-09-4) + 1-Hydroxy-2-butanone (5077-67-8) + 2,5-hexanedione (110-13-4) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0,8013-70-5) + acetone (67-64-1) + glycerol (56-81-5,25618-55-7,64333-26-2,8013-25-0) + pentan-3-one (96-22-0) + isobutyric Acid (79-31-2) + butanone (78-93-3) + iso-butanol (78-92-2,15892-23-6) + hexanoic acid (142-62-1) + Isosorbide (652-67-5) + butyric acid (107-92-6) + 2.3-butanediol (513-85-9) + hexan-1-ol (111-27-3) + valeric acid (109-52-4)

Guidance literature:

platinum on carbon; In water; for 3h; Direct aqueous phase reforming;

Reference yield:

2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-ol (1708-40-3) → benzaldehyde (100-52-7) + glycerol (56-81-5,25618-55-7,64333-26-2,8013-25-0)

Guidance literature:

With iron(II) triflate; bis[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine;

DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2014.10.021

Reference yield:

sorbitol (50-70-4,69-65-8,87-78-5,133-43-7,488-44-8,488-45-9,608-66-2,643-01-6,643-03-8,5552-13-6,6706-59-8,24557-79-7,25878-23-3,26566-34-7,45007-61-2,60660-56-2,60660-57-3,60660-58-4,132747-27-4) → propylene glycol (57-55-6,63625-56-9) + 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol (2319-57-5,2418-52-2,6968-16-7,7493-90-5,7541-59-5,10030-58-7,188346-77-2,149-32-6) + ethylene glycol (107-21-1) + glycerol (56-81-5,25618-55-7,64333-26-2,8013-25-0)

Guidance literature:

With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen; at 240 ℃; for 24h;

DOI:10.1016/j.mcat.2017.12.038

upstream raw materials:

diazomethane

methanol

triacetylglycerol

formaldehyd

Downstream raw materials:

strychnidin-10-one

4-(chloromethoxy-methyl)-[1,3]dioxolane

1,2,3-tri(chloromethoxy)propane

glyceryl tribenzoate

Refernces

Straightforward heterogeneous palladium catalyzed synthesis of aryl ethers and aryl amines via a solvent free aerobic and non-aerobic dehydrogenative arylation

10.1039/c2gc36776a

The research focuses on the development of a green and efficient method for the synthesis of aryl ethers and aryl amines using a heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative arylation process. The purpose of this study was to establish a straightforward, solvent-free, and heterogeneous catalytic method that could be applied to various substrates, including biosourced glycerol, to produce a wide range of functionalized aryl ethers and amines. The conclusions drawn from the research indicate that the formation of an enol ether, followed by dehydrogenation, is key to the reaction mechanism, leading to the successful synthesis of aryl ethers and amines in a more eco-friendly manner.

Chemistry and pharmacology of 5-methylene-4-substituted dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptenes.

10.1021/jm00292a024

The research focuses on the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 5-methylene-4-substituted dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the structural requirements for antidepressant activity by examining compounds with varying lengths of basic side chains attached to the 4 position of the dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene nucleus. The researchers utilized a variety of chemical methods, including the Hofmann degradation and the Gadamer-Knoch modification of the von Braun degradation, to synthesize these compounds. The study concluded that the presence of a C4-C5 trigonal center and a basic side chain at the 4 position alone were insufficient for retaining amitriptyline-like antidepressant activity, suggesting that additional structural features are necessary for such effects.

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