111-41-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Multifunctional compact zwitterionic ligands for preparing robust biocompatible semiconductor quantum dots and gold nanoparticles
Susumu, Kimihiro,Oh, Eunkeu,Delehanty, James B.,Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.,Johnson, Brandy J.,Jain, Vaibhav,Hervey, William Judson,Algar, W. Russ,Boeneman, Kelly,Dawson, Philip E.,Medintz, Igor L.
, p. 9480 - 9496 (2011)
We describe the synthesis of a series of four different ligands which are used to prepare hydrophilic, biocompatible luminescent quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Overall, the ligands are designed to be compact while still imparting a zwitterionic character to the NPs. Ligands are synthesized appended to a bidentate dihydrolipoic acid- (DHLA) anchor group, allowing for high-affinity NP attachment, and simultaneously incorporate tertiary amines along with carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups. These are placed in close proximity within the ligand structure and their capacity for joint ionization imparts the requisite zwitterionic nature to the nanocrystal. QDs functionalized with the four different compact ligands were subjected to extensive physical characterization including surface charge, wettability, hydrodynamic size, and tolerance to a wide pH range or high salt concentration over time. The utility of the compact ligand coated QDs was further examined by testing of direct conjugation to polyhistidine-appended protein and peptides, aqueous covalent-coupling chemistry, and the ability to engage in Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Conjugating cell penetrating peptides to the compact ligand coated QD series facilitated their rapid and efficient cellular uptake, while subsequent cytotoxicity tests showed no apparent decreases in cell viability. In vivo biocompatibility was also demonstrated by microinjecting the compact ligand coated QDs into cells and monitoring their stability over time. Inherent benefits of the ligand design could be extended beyond QDs as AuNPs functionalized with the same compact ligand series showed similar colloidal properties. The strong potential of these ligands to expand NP capabilities in many biological applications is highlighted.
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENEAMINES
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Paragraph 0336-0352, (2020/05/14)
The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the liquid phase, by reacting ethylene glycol and/or monoethanolamine with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst comprising Co, Ru and Sn.
Effects of Ni particle size on amination of monoethanolamine over Ni-Re/SiO2 catalysts
Ma, Lei,Yan, Li,Lu, An-Hui,Ding, Yunjie
, p. 567 - 579 (2019/04/03)
Ni-Re/SiO2 catalysts with controllable Ni particle sizes (4.5–18.0 nm) were synthesized to investigate the effects of the particle size on the amination of monoethanolamine (MEA). The catalysts were characterized by various techniques and evaluated for the amination reaction in a trickle bed reactor at 170°C, 8.0 MPa, and 0.5 h?1 liquid hourly space velocity of MEA (LHSVMEA) in NH3/H2 atmosphere. The Ni-Re/SiO2 catalyst with the lowest Ni particle size (4.5 nm) exhibited the highest yield (66.4%) of the desired amines (ethylenediamine (EDA) and piperazine (PIP)). The results of the analysis show that the turnover frequency of MEA increased slightly (from 193 to 253 h?1) as the Ni particle sizes of the Ni-Re/SiO2 catalysts increased from 4.5 to 18.0 nm. Moreover, the product distribution could be adjusted by varying the Ni particle size. The ratio of primary to secondary amines increased from 1.0 to 2.0 upon increasing the Ni particle size from 4.5 to 18.0 nm. Further analyses reveal that the Ni particle size influenced the electronic properties of surface Ni, which in turn affected the adsorption of MEA and the reaction pathway of MEA amination. Compared to those of small Ni particles, large particles possessed a higher proportion of high-coordinated terrace Ni sites and a higher surface electron density, which favored the amination of MEA and NH3 to form EDA.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING CYCLIC ALKYLENE UREAS
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Page/Page column 19-20, (2019/02/25)
A process for producing a cyclic alkylene urea product of Formula I: in which a compound of Formula II and/or Formula III is contacted in a reaction zone with a compound of Formula IV and/or Formula V and in the presence of one or more carbonyl delivering compounds; in which; R1 is –[A?X?]qR3; R2 is on each occurrence independently selected from H and C1 to C6 alkyl groups which are optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from ?OH and ?NH2; R3 is on each occurrence independently selected from H and C1 to C6 alkyl groups which are optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from ?OH and ?NH2; A is on each occurrence independently selected from C1 to C3 alkylene units, optionally substituted by one or more C1 to C3 alkyl groups; X is on each occurrence independently selected from ?O?, ?NR2?, groups of Formula VI, and groups of Formula VII and p and q are each independently selected from a whole number in the range of from 0 to 8; wherein the compound of Formula II and/or the compound of Formula III are added to a reaction zone comprising compound of Formula IV and/or compound of Formula (V) continuously or semi-continuously over a period of time, or in two or more batches.
TWO-STEP PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CYCLIC ALKYLENE UREAS INTO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALKYLENE AMINES
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Page/Page column 21; 22, (2019/02/25)
The invention pertains to a process for converting cyclic alkyleneureas into their corresponding alkyleneamines, comprising - in a first step converting cyclic alkyleneureas into their corresponding alkyleneamines by reacting cyclic alkyleneureas in the liquid phase with water with removal of CO2, so as to convert between 5 mole% and 95 mole% of alkyleneurea moieties in the feedstock to the corresponding amines, and - in a second step adding an inorganic base and reacting cyclic alkylene ureas remaining from the first step with the inorganic base to convert them partially or completely into their corresponding alkyleneamines. It has been found that the two-step process of the present invention makes it possible to still obtain a high conversion of cyclic alkyleneureas, while using substantially less strong inorganic base. The process according to the invention also shows a higher selectivity to amines than the prior art process.
PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CYCLIC ALKYLENE UREAS INTO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALKYLENE AMINES
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Page/Page column 21-22; 19-20, (2019/02/25)
The invention relates to a process for converting one or more cyclic ethylene ureas into corresponding ethylene amines and carbon dioxide. In the process, water is contacted with one or more cyclic alkylene urea compounds comprising one or more cyclic alkylene urea moieties in a reaction vessel at a temperature of 150 to 400°C, optionally in the presence of an amine compound selected from the group of primary amines, cyclic secondary amines and bicyclic tertiary amines. The mole ratio of water to cyclic alkylene urea moieties is in the range of from 0.1 to 20. In the reaction, at least a portion of the cyclic alkylene urea moieties are converted to corresponding alkylenediamine moieties and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide is removed from the liquid reaction mixture in a stripping vessel by feeding a stripping fluid to the stripping vessel, and removing a carbon dioxide-containing stripping fluid.
PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CYCLIC ALKYLENEUREAS INTO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALKYLENEAMINES
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Page/Page column 13; 14; 15; 16, (2019/02/25)
The present invention is directed to a process for converting cyclic alkyleneureas into their corresponding alkyleneamines wherein a feedstock comprising cyclic alkyleneureas is reacted in the liquid phase with water in an amount of 0. -20 mole water per mole urea moiety, at a temperature of at least 230°C, with removal of CO2. It has been found that the process according to the invention allows the efficient conversion of alkyleneureas into the corresponding alkyleneamines. The process has a high yield and low side product production. It is preferred for the cyclic alkyleneurea to comprises one or more of EU (ethyleneurea, the urea derivative of ethylenediamine (EDA)), UDETA (the urea derivative of diethylenetriamine (DETA)), UTETA (the group of urea derivatives of triethylenetetraamine (TETA), DUTETA (the diurea derivative of triethylenetetramine), UTEPAs (the urea derivatives of tetraethylenpentamine (TEPA)), DUTEPAs (the diurea derivatives of TEPA), or urea derivatives of pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) and higher analogues, UAEEA (the urea derivative of aminoethylethanolannine), HE-UDETA (the urea derivative of hydroxyethyl diethylenetriamine), HE-UTETA (the urea derivative of hydroxyethyl triethylenetetraamine, HE-DUTETA (the diurea derivative of hydroxyethyl triethylenetetraamine), or any mixture of these.
PROCESS TO PREPARE ETHYLENE AMINES AND ETHYLENE AMINE DERIVATIVES
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Page/Page column 26; 27, (2019/01/30)
The present invention relates to a process to prepare ethyleneamines of the formula NH2-(C2H4-NH-)PI-I wherein p is at least 3, or derivatives thereof wherein one or more units -NH-C2H4-NH- may be present as a cyclic ethylene urea unit or piperazine unit or between two units -NH-C2H4-NH- a carbonyl moiety is present, by reacting an ethanolamine-functional compound OH-(C2H4-NH-)qH wherein q is at least 2, an amine-functional compound NH2-(C2H4-NH-)rH wherein r is at least 1 in the presence of a carbon oxide delivering agent, wherein the molar ratio of ethanolamine-functional compound to amine-functional compound is between 0.05:1 and 0.7:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to amine-functional compound is higher than the molar ratio of ethanolamine-functional compound to amine-functional compound, provided that the process is not the process of reacting 3 moles ethylenediamine (EDA) and 1 mole AEEA (aminoethylethanolamine) in the presence of 1.65 moles of urea at 280 deg C for 2 hours.
Effect of Re promoter on the structure and catalytic performance of Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts for the reductive amination of monoethanolamine
Ma, Lei,Yan, Li,Lu, An-Hui,Ding, Yunjie
, p. 8152 - 8163 (2018/03/09)
In this paper, Ni/Al2O3 catalysts (15 wt% Ni) with different Re loadings were prepared to investigate the effect of Re on the structure and catalytic performance of Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts for the reductive amination of monoethanolamine. Reaction results reveal that the conversion and ethylenediamine selectivity increase significantly with increasing Re loading up to 2 wt%. Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts show excellent stability during the reductive amination reaction. The characterization of XRD, DR UV-Vis spectroscopy, H2-TPR, and acidity-basicity measurements indicates that addition of Re improves the Ni dispersion, proportion of octahedral Ni2+ species, reducibility, and acid strength for Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts. The Ni15 and Ni15-Re2 catalysts were chosen for in-depth study. The results from SEM-BSE, TEM, and CO-TPD indicate that smaller Ni0 particle size and higher Ni0 surface area are obtained in the reduced Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts. Results from in situ XPS and STEM-EDX line scan suggest that Re species show a mixture of various valances and have a tendency to aggregate on the surface of Ni0 particles. During reaction, the Ni0 particles on the Al2O3 support are stabilized and the sintering process is effectively suppressed by the incorporation of Re. It could be concluded that sufficient Ni0 sites, the collaborative effect of Ni-Re, and brilliant stability contribute to the excellent catalytic performance of Ni-Re/Al2O3 catalysts for the reductive amination of monoethanolamine.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALKANOL AMINES BY HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED ALCOHOL AMINATION
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Paragraph 0088; 0102, (2016/10/27)
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing alkanol amines by alcohol amination of diols using ammonia under elimination of water. SOLUTION: The invention relates to a method for producing alkanol amines which comprise a primary amino group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH), by alcohol amination of diols comprising two hydroxyl groups (-OH) using ammonia under elimination of water. The reaction is homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst which contains at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and at least one donor ligand. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPO&INPIT
