2110-78-3

Basic information

• Product Name: Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate
• Synonyms: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoicacimethylester;2-hydroxyisobutyricacidmethylester(alpha-);thyl α-hydroxyisobutyrate;Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate 95%;Lactic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester;Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate;Methyl ester of 2-methyllactic acid;ALPHA-HYDROXYISOBUTYRIC ACID METHYL ESTER
• CAS NO: 2110-78-3
• Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₀O₃
• Molecular Weight: 118.13
• EINECS: 218-301-2
• Product Categories: Building Blocks;C2 to C5;Carbonyl Compounds;Chemical Synthesis;Esters;Organic Building Blocks
• Mol File: 2110-78-3.mol
• Article Data: 35

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 137 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 108 °F
• Appearance: Clear colorless/Liquid
• Density: 1.023 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 3.46mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.411(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• PKA: 13.14±0.29(Predicted)
• Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
• BRN: 1746607
• CAS DataBase Reference: Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate(2110-78-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate(2110-78-3)

Safety Data

• Statements: 10
• Safety Statements: 16
• RIDADR: UN 3272 3/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 3
• HazardClass: 3.2
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 2110-78-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

clear colourless liquid

Uses

Methyl 2-?Hydroxy-?2-?methylpropanoate is commonly used as a solvent in coating compositions and as a cleaning component.

InChI:InChI=1/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,7)4(6)8-3/h7H,1-3H3

Synthetic route

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
zirconium(IV) oxide at 190℃; under 759.826 Torr; for 24h; Product distribution / selectivity;	95%
With yttria-stabilized zirconia at 220℃; under 45004.5 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Concentration; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	34.9%
With lead(IV) tetraacetate at 200℃; for 1h; in a sealed ampul;	31%

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 4-(dihydroxyboranyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide for 15h; Heating;	92%
With zinc(II) chloride at 60℃; for 6h; sealed tube;	83%
With thionyl chloride	81%

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyl-2-sulphatopropionamide (49562-37-0) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With water; acetic acid at 115℃; under 1875.19 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 19.2% B 81.5%

1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-propene (31469-15-5) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-propene With pyridine; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In acetic acid; acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃; Oxidation; Stage #2: With potassium fluoride In methanol for 1h; Substitution; Further stages.;	71%
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid 1.) hexane, RT, 30 min, 2.) Et3NF, 30 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

Methyl isobutyrate (547-63-7) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; electrolysis;	40%
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide at 150℃;
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 83 percent / 1.) LDA / 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 10 min, 2.) -> RT, 3 h 2: MCPBA / 1.) hexane, RT, 30 min, 2.) Et3NF, 30 min View Scheme

methanol (67-56-1) + 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2λ4-[1,3,2]dioxathiolan-4-one (2852-00-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; hydroquinone Zugeben von trocknem Na2SO4 und Destillieren bis auf 225-240grad;
With sulfuric acid; hydroquinone Zugeben von trocknem Na2SO4 und Destillieren bis auf 225-240grad;

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-3,5-dioxa-heptanedioic acid dimethyl ester + acetone (67-64-1) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methacrylic acid methyl ester (80-62-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 445 - 455℃; durch ein mit Quarzstuecken gefuelltes erhitztes Eisenrohr;
at 445 - 455℃; durch ein mit Quarzstuecken gefuelltes erhitztes Eisenrohr;

methanol (67-56-1) + Isopropenyl acetate (108-22-5) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → 2-methoxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (57865-41-5) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methyl 3-acetoxybutyrate (89422-42-4) + methyl 2-acetoxy-2-methylpropionate (57865-37-9)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,6-dimethylpyridine; PdCl2(PPh)3 In benzene at 100℃; under 152000 Torr; for 5.5h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other reagents, var. educts ratio, temp., pressure and time;
With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride In benzene at 100℃; under 114000 Torr; for 5h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other acetates, var. Pd and pyridine derivs. as reagents, concns. of reagents, temp. ans reaction time;	A 13 % Chromat. B 5.7 % Chromat. C 1.3 % Chromat. D 1.2 % Chromat.

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + α-methoxyisobutyramide (82473-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
With lead(IV) tetraacetate at 200℃; under 22501.8 - 30002.4 Torr; Product distribution; Rate constant; molar ratio of lead acetate; time;;

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-thiopropionic acid O-methyl ester (99668-31-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen sulfide 1.) ether, RT, 16 h, 2.) ether, RT, 2 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propionimidic acid methyl ester (99668-30-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether for 16h; Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

methyl 2-methyl-2-((methanesulfonyl)oxy)propanoate (91190-29-3) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methacrylic acid methyl ester (80-62-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol; lutidine In water Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;
With 2,6-dimethylpyridine; 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol In water at 90℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; Thermodynamic data; ΔH++, ΔS++;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + methyl 2-aminoisobutyrate hydrochloride (15028-41-8) + sodium nitrite → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoic acid (13836-62-9) + methacrylic acid methyl ester (80-62-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃; nachfolgendem Aufbewahren;

C7H9(2)H6O3S(1+)*CF3O3S(1-) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
In dimethylsulfoxide-d6 at 80℃;

2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
titanium(IV) isopropylate; methanol
titanium(IV) isopropylate; methanol

titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(O-isoPr)4) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

natrium(1+)*cobalt(III)((NCOC(CH3)2O)26H4)(1-)*(CH3)2CO → 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (615-16-7) + (C6H4)(NHCOC(CH3)2OH)2 + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + cobalt(II) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
With methanol In methanol Irradiation (UV/VIS); irradiation of Co-complex (450-W medium-pressure Hg lamp, 366 nm); analyzing of Co(2+) by adding of KSCN (UV), other products are detected by HPLC or GC-Ms;

methanol (67-56-1) + Methyl formate (107-31-3) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
sodium amide; 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate at 120℃; Product distribution / selectivity;

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-amino-2-cyanopropane (19355-69-2)

Conditions	Yield
With zirconium dioxide yttrium-doped at 220℃; under 300.03 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Gas phase; Autoclave;

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + acetone (67-64-1) + 2-amino-2-cyanopropane (19355-69-2)

Conditions	Yield
With zirconium dioxide yttrium-doped at 220℃; under 300.03 Torr; Gas phase; Autoclave;

N-[4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynl)-2-isopropylphenyl]acetamide → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 4-amino-3-isopropylbenzoic acid (51688-76-7) + methyl 4-acetamido-3-isopropylbenzoate + N-(4-carboxy-2-isopropylphenyl)acetamide + methyl 4-amino-3-(propan-2-yl)benzoate

Conditions	Yield
With ozone In methanol

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + allyl bromide (106-95-6) → methyl 2-(allyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate (17859-94-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil Cooling with ice; Stage #2: allyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃; Cooling with ice;	100%
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: allyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃; for 18h;	85.88%
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 16h;	30%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + t-butyldimethylsiyl triflate (69739-34-0) → 2-methyl-2-[((dimethyl)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyl)oxy]-propanoate (128246-08-2)

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;	97%

2-mercapto-5-nitropyridine (2127-09-5) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-methyl-2-[(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl]propionate

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	97%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	97%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + N-hydroxy-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)benzamidine (1256486-34-6) → 3-[5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]benzaldehyde oxime (1286182-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate; N-hydroxy-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)benzamidine In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 22 - 27℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With sodium methylate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; methanol at 25 - 30℃;	95.6%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + chloro-diphenylphosphine (1079-66-9) → methyl 2-[(diphenylphosphino)oxy]-2-methylpropionate (857665-53-3)

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h;	95%
With dmap; triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h;
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (149-30-4) → methyl 2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2-methylpropionate (70204-06-7)

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	94%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	94%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + p-methoxybenzyl chloride (824-94-2) → methyl 2-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-2-methylpropanoate (19811-25-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 25℃; for 0.166667h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: p-methoxybenzyl chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 25℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	93%
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: p-methoxybenzyl chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20 - 40℃; for 22h;	35%
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Cooling with ice; Stage #2: p-methoxybenzyl chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 2h;

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate (17860-39-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃;	93%
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃;	93%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 3-methoxy-2-methylpropenoic acid sodium

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃;	93%
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃;	93%

triethylsilyl chloride (994-30-9) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-methyl-2-(triethylsiloxy)propanoate (102307-27-7)

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	92%
With pyridine at 60℃;	91%
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 24h;
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + methanesulfonyl chloride (124-63-0) → methyl 2-methyl-2-((methanesulfonyl)oxy)propanoate (91190-29-3)

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In dichloromethane -50 - -40 deg C -> 0 deg C;	92%
With triethylamine In (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate; tert-butyl methyl ether
With triethylamine In tert-butyl methyl ether at -5 - 20℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere;

chloro-trimethyl-silane (75-77-4) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)-2-methyl-propionate (162012-24-0)

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	92%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-mercapto-6-nitrobenzothiazole (4845-58-3) → methyl 2-methyl-2-[(6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-propionate (1152091-97-8)

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	91%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	91%

diethyl phosphorylchloridite (589-57-1) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-<(diethoxyphosphino)oxy>-2-methylpropanoate (118459-01-1)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;	90%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (18162-48-6) → 2-methyl-2-[((dimethyl)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)silyl)oxy]-propanoate (128246-08-2)

Conditions	Yield
With 1H-imidazole; dmap In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 16h; Etherification;	90%
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 72h;	90%
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere;	70%
With 1H-imidazole In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine*hydrochloride (6638-79-5) → 2-hydroxy-N-methoxy-N,2-dimethylpropanamide (1124273-99-9)

Conditions	Yield
With isopropylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -20 - 20℃; for 1.5h;	90%
With isopropylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -20 - 0℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;	80%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + carbonochloridic acid, chloromethyl ester (22128-62-7) → methyl 2-(((chloromethoxy)carbonyl)oxy)-2-methylpropanoate

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1.5h;	90%
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;	90%
With pyridine; hydrogenchloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;	90%
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 2h;

diethyl phosphorylchloridite (589-57-1) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-<(ethoxyphosphinyl)oxy>-2-methylpropanoate

Conditions	Yield
With iron(III) chloride In hexane at 0 - 20℃;	89%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 2-sulfanyl-1,3-benzoxazole (2382-96-9) → methyl 2-[(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2-methylpropionate

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	89%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	89%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 1-bromomethyl-4-iodobenzene (16004-15-2) → 2-[(4-iodobenzyl)oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid methyl ester (840503-21-1)

Conditions	Yield
With ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate; paraffin	86%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + para-nitrobenzenethiol (1849-36-1) → methyl 2-methyl-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl]propionate

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	85%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	85%

3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (110-87-2) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → methyl 2-methyl-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)propanoate (131489-99-1)

Conditions	Yield
pyridin-2-yl tosylate In dichloromethane for 1.5h;	85%

propanoic acid methyl ester (554-12-1) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → 4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (81608-85-7)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Dieckmann cyclization;	85%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + thiophenol (108-98-5) → methyl 2-methyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)propionate (68734-79-2)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	83%
With 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	83%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + 1-methyl-5-mercaptotetrazole (13183-79-4) → methyl 2-methyl-2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-propionate (1152091-95-6)

Conditions	Yield
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	83%
With ethyl-2-azidoacetate; phenyl diphenylphosphinite In toluene at 40℃; for 24h;	83%

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) → 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol (558-43-0)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;	82.6%
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Stage #2: With water; sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran	68%
With potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen; [tris(μ-chloro)bis((triphos)ruthenium(II))] chloride In methanol at 100℃; under 30003 Torr; for 13h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	90.4 %Chromat.
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 12.3333h;

methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3) + (2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride (88691-50-3) → methyl 2-{[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulphonyl]oxy}-2-methylpropanoate (308851-22-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate With pyridine at 0℃; Stage #2: (2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride at 5℃; for 120h;	81.6%
With pyridine at 5℃; for 120h;	81.6%

Upstream product

• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 107-31-3 Methyl formate 
• 13027-88-8 2-hydroxyisobutyramide 
• 75-86-5 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile 
• 49562-37-0 2-methyl-2-sulphatopropionamide 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 15028-41-8 methyl 2-aminoisobutyrate hydrochloride 
• 91190-29-3 methyl 2-methyl-2-((methanesulfonyl)oxy)propanoate 
• 31469-15-5 1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-propene 
• 108-22-5 Isopropenyl acetate 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 547-63-7 Methyl isobutyrate 
• 594-61-6 2-methyllactic acid 

Downstream Products

• 22421-97-2 methyl 2-chloroisobutyrate 
• 80-62-6 methacrylic acid methyl ester 
• 87532-07-8 α-benzoyloxy-isobutyric acid methyl ester 
• 160651-93-4 2-(2-methoxycarbonylpropyl)-1',2',2',2'-tetrachloroethyl-carbonate 
• 63838-71-1 5-(4-Chlorphenyl)-3-(4-chlorphenyl)ethinyl-2-methyl-4-pentin-2,3-diol 
• 79-41-4 poly(methacrylic acid) 
• 594-61-6 2-methyllactic acid 
• 87122-86-9 2-benzyloxy-2-methylpropanoic acid methyl ester 
• 187737-37-7 propene 
• 59215-55-3 2-methyl-2,3-hexanediol 
• 840503-45-9 Methyl 2-(3-bromobenzyloxy)-2-methylpropionate 
• 17860-39-8 methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate 
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• 63838-70-0 2-Methyl-5-phenyl-3-phenylethinyl-4-pentin-2,3-diol 

Relevant articles and documents

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Enol Ester of Acetone. A Novel Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one

The cyclocarbonylation of isopropenyl acetate(1) to produce 2-methoxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one(2) by use of palladium(II)-phoshine catalyst with methanol in benzene solution was studied at 100 degC under 200 atm of CO.Conversion of 1 up to 98percent and yield to 2 as high as 67percent were attained.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALPHA-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ESTERS IN THE GAS PHASE

The present invention relates to a process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters from the alcoholysis of alpha-hydroxycarboxam ides in the gas phase, characterized in that the conversion is effected in the presence of water.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALPHA-HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS

The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters by reacting at least one alpha-hydroxycarboxamide present in the liquid phase with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, which is characterized in that the resulting alpha-hydroxycarboxylic ester is at least partly separated from the reaction mixture via the gas phase.