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2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether is a chemical with a specific purpose. Lookchem provides you with multiple data and supplier information of this chemical.

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  • 111-44-4 Structure
  • Basic information

    1. Product Name: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
    2. Synonyms: 1,1’-oxybis(2-chloro-ethan;1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane;1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane;1-Chloro-2-(beta-Chloroethoxy)ethane;2,2’-dichloorethylether;2,2’-dichlor-diaethylaether;2,2’-dichlorethylether;2,2’-dicloroetiletere
    3. CAS NO:111-44-4
    4. Molecular Formula: C4H8Cl2O
    5. Molecular Weight: 143.01
    6. EINECS: 203-870-1
    7. Product Categories: Industrial/Fine Chemicals;Halogen compounds;A-BAlphabetic;Alpha Sort;B;BI - BZ;Volatiles/ Semivolatiles;Building Blocks;C2 to C8;Chemical Synthesis;Ethers;Organic Building Blocks;Oxygen Compounds;fine chemical;fine chemicals;Quinoxalines ,Quinazolines
    8. Mol File: 111-44-4.mol
  • Chemical Properties

    1. Melting Point: −47 °C(lit.)
    2. Boiling Point: 65-67 °C15 mm Hg(lit.)
    3. Flash Point: 131 °F
    4. Appearance: colourless liquid
    5. Density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
    6. Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
    7. Refractive Index: n20/D 1.456(lit.)
    8. Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
    9. Solubility: 0.01g/l
    10. Explosive Limit: 0.8%(V)
    11. Water Solubility: Slightly soluble. 1.72 g/100 mL
    12. Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
    13. Merck: 14,3066
    14. BRN: 605317
    15. CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether(CAS DataBase Reference)
    16. NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether(111-44-4)
    17. EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether(111-44-4)
  • Safety Data

    1. Hazard Codes: T+,T,F
    2. Statements: 10-26/27/28-40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
    3. Safety Statements: 27-28-36/37-45-7/9-28A-16
    4. RIDADR: UN 1916 6.1/PG 2
    5. WGK Germany: 2
    6. RTECS: KN0875000
    7. TSCA: Yes
    8. HazardClass: 6.1
    9. PackingGroup: II
    10. Hazardous Substances Data: 111-44-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

111-44-4 Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 111-44-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. colourless liquid
2. Dichloroethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid. Pungent, fruity odor. It is also described as having a chlorinated solvent-like odor.

Physical properties

Colorless to pale yellow volatile liquid with a pungent, fruity, chlorinated-like odor. The low odor and high odor threshold concentrations were 90.0 and 2,160 mg/m3, respectively (Ruth, 1986).

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 111-44-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Reagent for organic synthesis; solvent. Has been used as a scouring agent for textiles; as soil fumigant.
2. Soil fumigant; acaricide.
3. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (BCEE) is used as ascouring agent for textiles; as a dewaxingagent for lubricating oils; as a soil fumigant;as a solvent for resins, oils, and lacquers; andin organic synthesis.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor. Flash point 131°F. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Air & Water Reactions

Flammable. Insoluble in water. Reacts slowly with water to form HCl. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154].

Reactivity Profile

2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154]. Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum [NFPA 1991].

Health Hazard

Different sources of media describe the Health Hazard of 111-44-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoonful and 1 ounce for a 150 pound person. It can be a central nervous system depressant in high concentrations. It is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and respiratory passages. It can penetrate the skin to cause serious and even fatal poisoning. Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
2. BCEE is an acute toxic compound withcancer-causing properties. The toxic routesare inhalation, ingestion, and absorptionthrough the skin. Exposure to its vaporscaused irritation of the eyes, nose, and res piratory tracts in test animals. Exposure to aconcentration of 250 ppm in air for 4 hoursproved lethal to rats (ACGIH 1986). At alower concentration, it caused delayed deathfollowing damage to lungs. Other organsaffected to a lesser degree were the liver,kidneys, and brain.The irritant action of BCEE on the eyesvaried from mild to severe. In humans,contact of pure liquid can cause conjunctivalirritation and injury to the cornea. On theskin, its irritation effect is mild. However,on prolonged contact, the liquid may beabsorbed through the skin and manifest toxiceffectsIngestion of this compound in smallamounts may produce nausea and vomiting.An oral dose of 50–75 mL is expected to befatal to humansLC50 value, inhalation (rats): 330 mg (56ppm)/m3/4 hrLD50 value, oral (rats): 75 mg/kgLD50 value, skin (guinea pigs): 300 mg/kgLD50 value, skin (guinea pigs): 300 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

May form phosgene or hydrogen chloride in fires. There is danger of explosion when ethers are heated or exposed to flames or sparks. Ethers tend to form peroxides; when ethers containing peroxides are heated, they can detonate. May be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Decomposes in the presence of moisture to form hydrochloric acid. Emits toxic fumes when heated to decomposition. Reacts vigorously with oleum and chlorosulfonic acid. Ethers tend to form peroxides upon standing. Heating peroxide-containing ethers can cause detonation.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water : No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: V; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

A poison by ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Exposure to 1000 ppm for 30 to 60 minutes may result in death within days. The odor is easily detectable at 35 ppm whch causes only slight irritation. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidants. Dangerous explosion hazard; reacts vigorously with oleum, chlorosulfonic acid. Reacts with water or steam to evolve toxic and corrosive fumes. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also ETHERS.

Potential Exposure

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a soil fumigant, an insecticide, and an acaricide; in the manufacture of paint, varnish, lacquer, soap, and finish removers. It is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, naphthalenes, oils, fats, waxes, greases, pectin, tar, and gum; in dry cleaning and in textile scouring.

Source

Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally in the environment. In Canada, this compound enters the environment as a by-product from chlorination of waste streams containing ethylene, propylene (Environment Canada, 1993) or ethyl ether (quoted, Verschueren, 1983).

Environmental Fate

Biological. When 5 and 10 mg/L of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether were statically incubated in the dark at 25°C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, complete degradation was observed after 7 days (Tabak et al., 1981).Chemical/Physical. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is subject to hydrolysis (Enfield and Yates, 1990; NIOSH, 1994). The hydrolysis rate constant for bis(2-chloroethyl)ether at pH 7 and 25°C was determined to be 2.6 × 10–5/hour, resulting in a half-life oEmits chlorinated acids when incinerated (Sittig, 1985).

Shipping

UN1916 2,20 -Dichlorodiethyl ether, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid

Purification Methods

Wash the ether with conc H2SO4, then Na2CO3 solution, dry with anhydrous Na2CO3, and finally pass it through a 50cm column of activated alumina before distillation. Altern

Incompatibilities

Contact with moisture caused decomposition producing hydrochloric acid. Can form peroxides. May form explosive mixture with air. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture

Waste Disposal

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600C and a residence time 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 111-44-4 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,1 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 111-44:
(5*1)+(4*1)+(3*1)+(2*4)+(1*4)=24
24 % 10 = 4
So 111-44-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

111-44-4 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14234)  Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 99%   

  • 111-44-4

  • 50g

  • 225.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14234)  Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 99%   

  • 111-44-4

  • 250g

  • 665.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A14234)  Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 99%   

  • 111-44-4

  • 1000g

  • 1481.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Supelco

  • (40016)  Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethersolution  5000 μg/mL in methanol, analytical standard

  • 111-44-4

  • 000000000000040016

  • 533.52CNY

  • Detail

111-44-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl Ether

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Nitrosamines/ethers/alcohols
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:111-44-4 SDS

111-44-4Synthetic route

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol
628-89-7

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 17h; Chlorination;92%
With hydrogenchloride; sulfuric acid; zinc(II) chloride at 95℃;
diethylene glycol bischloroformate
106-75-2

diethylene glycol bischloroformate

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hexabutylguanidinium chloride at 120℃; for 4h;91%
diethylene glycol
111-46-6

diethylene glycol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride Reflux;86%
With thionyl chloride at 110℃;84%
With pyridine; thionyl chloride In benzene for 20h; Heating;35%
1,4-oxathiane-4,4-dioxide
107-61-9

1,4-oxathiane-4,4-dioxide

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water at 30℃; for 12h; Temperature;81.3%
tert-butylhypochlorite
507-40-4

tert-butylhypochlorite

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2-chloro-ethanol
2-chloroethyl nitrite
10288-17-2

2-chloroethyl nitrite

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuryl dichloride at 165℃;
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chlorine; 2-chloro-ethanol
With oxirane; chlorine
With oxirane; chlorine; 2-chloro-ethanol
tert-butylhypochlorite
507-40-4

tert-butylhypochlorite

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid Entfernen das entstehende Wasser;
With sulfuryl dichloride at 165℃;
With sulfuric acid at 200 - 250℃;
1,4-dioxane
123-91-1

1,4-dioxane

A

1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane
638-56-2

1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane

B

1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
112-26-5

1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With titanium tetrachloride 1.) 20 deg C, 2.) 160 deg C, 5 d; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

2-chloroethyl methyl ether
627-42-9

2-chloroethyl methyl ether

B

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

D

1,4-dichlorobutane
110-56-5

1,4-dichlorobutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 5 - 10℃; under 45003.6 Torr; electrolysis;A 47 % Chromat.
B 31 % Chromat.
C 17 % Chromat.
D 6 % Chromat.
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C

1,4-dichlorobutane
110-56-5

1,4-dichlorobutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water; acetonitrile at 5 - 10℃; under 45003.6 Torr; electrolysis, further solvent methanol;A 82 % Chromat.
B 17 % Chromat.
C 6 % Chromat.
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

2-chloroethyl methyl ether
627-42-9

2-chloroethyl methyl ether

B

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

D

1,4-dichlorobutane
110-56-5

1,4-dichlorobutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol at 5 - 10℃; under 45003.6 Torr; electrolysis, further solvent aq. acetonitrile;A 47 % Chromat.
B 31 % Chromat.
C 17 % Chromat.
D 6 % Chromat.
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hypochloric acid; chlorine In various solvent(s) at 25℃; for 0.00883333h; in tributyl phosphate, in a rotor-pulsation apparatus; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 11.9 % Spectr.
B 14.4 % Spectr.
C 42.1 % Spectr.
With hypochloric acid; chlorine In various solvent(s) at 25℃; for 0.00883333h; in tributyl phosphate, in a rotor pulsation apparatus; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 11.9 % Spectr.
B 14.4 % Spectr.
C 42.1 % Spectr.
With hypochloric acid; chlorine In various solvent(s) at 25℃; for 0.00883333h; Product distribution; dependence of yield of products on time of reaction in tributyl phosphate in a rotor-pulsation apparatus;A 11.9 % Spectr.
B 14.4 % Spectr.
C 42.1 % Spectr.
sulfuric acid
7664-93-9

sulfuric acid

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

sulfuryl dichloride
7791-25-5

sulfuryl dichloride

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

A

sulfuric acid bis-(2-chloroethyl) ester
5411-48-3

sulfuric acid bis-(2-chloroethyl) ester

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 165℃;
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 15 - 20℃; Kinetics; unter Lichtausschluss;
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

B

ethylene chloride and ethylene chlorohydrin

ethylene chloride and ethylene chlorohydrin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chlorine; sodium sulfate at 60℃;
With chlorine; sodium sulfate at 60℃;
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

A

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

B

ethylene chloride and ethylene glycol-bis-<2-chloro-ethyl ether >

ethylene chloride and ethylene glycol-bis-<2-chloro-ethyl ether >

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,4-dioxane; polyethylene glycol chlorohydrin; chlorine; 2-chloro-ethanol at 25 - 35℃;
With 1,4-dioxane; chlorine at 20 - 25℃;
With polyethylene glycol mixture; chlorine
2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

A

1,4-dioxane
123-91-1

1,4-dioxane

B

2-[2-(chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol
5197-62-6

2-[2-(chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol

C

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol
628-89-7

2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol

D

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

E

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

F

HCl, water

HCl, water

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 150℃; for 5h; Product distribution; Kinetics; Rate constant; dependence of the products of ECH decomposition on temperature in sealed tube at 115, 130, 140, 150, 160 deg C;
sulfuryl dichloride
7791-25-5

sulfuryl dichloride

2-chloroethyl nitrite
10288-17-2

2-chloroethyl nitrite

A

chloroethyl chlorosulfate
13891-58-2

chloroethyl chlorosulfate

B

sulfuric acid bis-(2-chloroethyl) ester
5411-48-3

sulfuric acid bis-(2-chloroethyl) ester

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

2-chloro-ethanone-(1)

2-chloro-ethanone-(1)

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 15 - 20℃; unter Lichtausschluss;
1,4-dioxane
123-91-1

1,4-dioxane

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

A

1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
112-26-5

1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

B

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 20 - 25℃; weniger als 1 Mol Chlor;
at 20 - 25℃; weniger als 1 Mol Chlor;
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

water
7732-18-5

water

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

A

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

B

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

A

2-chloroethyl ethyl ether
628-34-2

2-chloroethyl ethyl ether

B

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

D

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

sulfurous acid bis-(2-chloro-ethyl ester)
62516-55-6

sulfurous acid bis-(2-chloro-ethyl ester)

A

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

B

SO2

SO2

1,3-DIOXOLANE
646-06-0

1,3-DIOXOLANE

A

bis(2-chloromethyl)ether
542-88-1

bis(2-chloromethyl)ether

B

2-chloroethyl chloromethyl ether
1462-33-5

2-chloroethyl chloromethyl ether

C

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1,3-DIOXOLANE With dichloromethane; tungsten(VI) chloride In Chloroform-D at 20℃; for 192h;
Stage #2: With water In Chloroform-D at -20℃;
2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride
3970-21-6

2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride

A

bis(2-chloromethyl)ether
542-88-1

bis(2-chloromethyl)ether

B

methylene chloride
74-87-3

methylene chloride

C

Dimethyl ether
115-10-6

Dimethyl ether

D

chloromethyl methyl ether
107-30-2

chloromethyl methyl ether

E

1,2-dichloro-ethane
107-06-2

1,2-dichloro-ethane

F

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride With dichloromethane; tungsten(VI) chloride In Chloroform-D at 20℃; for 12h;
Stage #2: With water In Chloroform-D at -20℃;
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

2,2'-diiodoethyl ether
34270-90-1

2,2'-diiodoethyl ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium iodide In acetone for 120h; Heating / reflux;100%
With sodium iodide In acetone for 72h; Heating;81%
With sodium iodide In acetone for 72h; Reflux; Darkness;81%
ditosylethylenediamine
4403-78-5

ditosylethylenediamine

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

N,N',N'',N'''-tetrakis(tolyl-p-sulphonyl)-1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16-tetra-azacyclo-octadecane
93274-33-0

N,N',N'',N'''-tetrakis(tolyl-p-sulphonyl)-1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16-tetra-azacyclo-octadecane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide 170 deg C, 5 h; cool, 12 h;100%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 5h; Heating;78%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 5 - 170℃; for 30h;15%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 170℃; for 12h;14.3%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 170℃; for 5h; Yield given;
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-ether ; compound with boron chloride

bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-ether ; compound with boron chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trichloride at -78 - 0℃;100%
p-methoxybenzylnitrile
104-47-2

p-methoxybenzylnitrile

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4-(4-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile
3648-78-0

4-(4-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: p-methoxybenzylnitrile With sodium hydride In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #2: 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃; for 2.33333h;
100%
Stage #1: p-methoxybenzylnitrile With sodium hydroxide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.5h;
Stage #2: 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80 - 100℃; for 5h;
69%
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil Cooling with ice;64%
With NaH In dimethyl sulfoxide
phenylacetonitrile
140-29-4

phenylacetonitrile

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile
1202-81-9

4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride; sodium iodide In dimethyl sulfoxide; mineral oil at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;99%
With sodium amide; toluene
3,5-dihydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzoic acid methyl ester
91925-82-5

3,5-dihydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)benzoic acid methyl ester

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

methyl 4-O-benzyl-3,5-di-O-methoxymethylgallate
1034343-25-3

methyl 4-O-benzyl-3,5-di-O-methoxymethylgallate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;99%
3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole
67-51-6

3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1,1'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole)
85650-02-8

1,1'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; Further stages.;
98%
1,2-bis(t-butyloxycarbonyl)hydrazine
16466-61-8

1,2-bis(t-butyloxycarbonyl)hydrazine

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1,4,5-oxadiazepane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester
243973-69-5

1,4,5-oxadiazepane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid di-tert-butyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1,2-bis(t-butyloxycarbonyl)hydrazine With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -3 - 20℃; for 2.13333h;
Stage #2: 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -3 - 20℃; Temperature;
97.1%
1-O-Dimethylaminoethyl-ethylenglykol
1704-62-7

1-O-Dimethylaminoethyl-ethylenglykol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C16H38N2O5(2+)*2Cl(1-)

C16H38N2O5(2+)*2Cl(1-)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 24h;97%
4-methoxy-aniline
104-94-9

4-methoxy-aniline

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4-(4-methoxyhenyl)morpholine nitric acid salt
955095-74-6

4-(4-methoxyhenyl)morpholine nitric acid salt

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 4-methoxy-aniline; 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane With tetrabutylammomium bromide; sodium hydroxide for 8h; Heating;
Stage #2: With nitric acid at 0 - 5℃; for 12h;
97%
4-bromo-phenol
106-41-2

4-bromo-phenol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C16H16Br2O3
72659-52-0

C16H16Br2O3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 90℃; for 24h;96%
(4-fluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile
135420-00-7

(4-fluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetonitrile

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile
473706-10-4

4-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In diethyl ether; dimethyl sulfoxide at 5 - 30℃;96%
1-methyl-1H-imidazole
616-47-7

1-methyl-1H-imidazole

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1-methyl-3-(2-[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethyloxy]ethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium dichloride

1-methyl-3-(2-[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethyloxy]ethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium dichloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 3h;96%
In acetonitrile at 100℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere;90%
1,3-dihydroxy-4-iodo-2-nitrobenzene
153843-74-4

1,3-dihydroxy-4-iodo-2-nitrobenzene

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1-iodo-2,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-nitrobenzene
1155368-39-0

1-iodo-2,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-nitrobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 1.5h;96%
carbon dioxide
124-38-9

carbon dioxide

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one
29943-42-8

Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cesium iodide In ethanol; water at 90℃; under 8250.83 Torr; Temperature; Pressure;95.9%
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

2-hydroxynitrobenzene
88-75-5

2-hydroxynitrobenzene

1,5-bis(o-nitrophenoxy)-3-oxapentane
54533-65-2

1,5-bis(o-nitrophenoxy)-3-oxapentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 15-crown-5; sodium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 140℃; for 5h;95%
With potassium carbonate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 130℃; for 6h;85%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide
ethylenediamine
107-15-3

ethylenediamine

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4-(2-AMINOETHYL)MORPHOLINE
2038-03-1

4-(2-AMINOETHYL)MORPHOLINE

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium carbonate In acetonitrile for 24h; Heating;95%
3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol
3179-63-3

3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C14H34N2O3(2+)*2Cl(1-)

C14H34N2O3(2+)*2Cl(1-)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 24h;95%
2-Benzoyl-hydrazin-1-carbonsaeuremethylester
29430-29-3

2-Benzoyl-hydrazin-1-carbonsaeuremethylester

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

N-methoxycarbonyl-N'-benzoyl[1,4,5]-oxadiazepane

N-methoxycarbonyl-N'-benzoyl[1,4,5]-oxadiazepane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃;95%
2,4-diamino-6-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
29366-73-2

2,4-diamino-6-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

4,4'-(6-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine

4,4'-(6-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 2,4-diamino-6-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 55 - 60℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: 3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane In N,N-dimethyl acetamide for 4.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;
94.6%
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 65℃; Thermodynamic data; Solvent; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry;77%
para-tert-butylphenol
98-54-4

para-tert-butylphenol

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1,5-Bis(4-t-butylphenoxy)-3-oxapentane
109879-29-0

1,5-Bis(4-t-butylphenoxy)-3-oxapentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In butan-1-ol for 18h; Heating;94%
With sodium hydroxide at 180 - 190℃;
ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside
71676-29-4, 101833-22-1

ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-bis-O-[(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl]-α-D-glucopyranoside

ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-bis-O-[(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl]-α-D-glucopyranoside

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydrogensulfate; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 9h;94%
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

1,5-diazido-3-oxapentane
24345-74-2

1,5-diazido-3-oxapentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium azide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 90℃; for 48h;93%
With sodium azide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 17h; Heating;62.8%
With sodium azide; choline chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 95℃; Rate constant; var. phase transfer catalysts;
With sodium azide; cetyltributylphosphonium bromide; potassium iodide for 17h; Heating; Yield given;
With sodium azide; cetylpyridinium chloride; potassium iodide In water for 20h; Heating / reflux;
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

2,2,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethyl 2-chloroethyl ether
109776-90-1

2,2,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethyl 2-chloroethyl ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfur tetrafluoride; hydrogen fluoride; chlorine at 80℃; for 5h; Product distribution; other temperature, stainless-steel autoclave, other ratio of reagents;93%
With sulfur tetrafluoride; hydrogen fluoride; chlorine at 80℃; for 5h; stainless-steel autoclave;93%
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C22H18F6N2O5

C22H18F6N2O5

C26H24F6N2O6

C26H24F6N2O6

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; Cycloaddition;93%
endo-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide
21715-90-2

endo-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

3-oxapentane-1,5-dioxy-endo-2',3'-dicarboxydiimidenorbornene

3-oxapentane-1,5-dioxy-endo-2',3'-dicarboxydiimidenorbornene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 2h;92%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 22h; Gabriel Amine Synthesis;64.5 g
N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide
21715-90-2

N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

C22H24N2O7

C22H24N2O7

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 24h;92%
N,N-dimethyldecylamine
1120-24-7

N,N-dimethyldecylamine

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

diethyl ether-α,ω-didecyldimethylammonium chloride

diethyl ether-α,ω-didecyldimethylammonium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile for 24h; Menshutkin Reaction; Heating;92%
With sodium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol at 55 - 83℃; for 8h;
3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane
111-44-4

3-oxa-1,5-dichloropentane

2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile
41381-89-9

2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile

4-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile
1314886-95-7

4-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil Cooling with ice;92%

111-44-4Relevant articles and documents

A Schiff base bis(N-salicylidene)-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamine and its yttrium(III) complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding properties, and antioxidant activities

Wu, Huilu,Pan, Guolong,Bai, Yuchen,Wang, Hua,Kong, Jin,Shi, Furong,Zhang, Yanhui,Wang, Xiaoli

, p. 2634 - 2646 (2013)

A Schiff base bis(N-salicylidene)-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamine (H2L) and its yttrium(III) (Y(III)) complex, Y2L2(NO 3)2?2H2O, have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. The crystal structure of the Y(III) complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a centrosymmetric binuclear neutral entity where Y(III) centers are bridged by two phenoxo oxygens. The DNA-binding properties of the Schiff base H2L and the Y(III) complex were investigated by spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that ligand H2L and Y(III) complex both bind to DNA via groove binding, and the Y(III) complex binds to DNA more strongly than H2L. The antioxidant activity of the Y(III) complex was determined by superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging method in vitro, which indicates that Y(III) complex scavenges OH? and O2 radicals.

A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Fe3+ based on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole

Liu, Shu-Di,Zhang, Liang-Wei,Liu, Xiang

, p. 821 - 826 (2013)

A novel fluorescent Fe3+ probe (L)based on 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole has been synthesized and characterized. Both UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies demonstrated that L was highly sensitive and selective towards Fe3+ over other metal ions in acetonitrile. Upon binding with Fe3+, the emission band of L red-shifted from 370 nm to 420 nm and the fluorescence intensity was enhanced ~103-fold. The lowest detection limit for L is 6.04 × 10-8 M and the dissociation constants Kd is 1.13 × 10-11 M, which were calculated from the fluorescence titration curves. The detailed UV-vis and fluorescent titrations studies suggested that the binding stoichiometry of the L-Fe3+ complex was 2:1, and the structure between L and the Fe 3+ complex was confirmed by the 1H NMR titration. Then IR spectra provided further proof of the binding mode of the L-Fe3+ complex.

A dichloro diethyl ether and 2 - chloroethyl phenoxy ethanol synthesis method

-

Paragraph 0061; 0065; 0070; 0075; 0081; 0092, (2019/05/16)

The invention discloses a dichloro diethyl ether and 2 - chloroethyl phenoxy ethanol synthesis method, which belongs to the field of organic synthesis. The method comprises: the molar ratio of 0.8 - 1.5: 0.3 diethylene glycol and catalyst in a double-mouth flask, and the double-mouth flask are respectively connected with two of the mouth of the funnel and a condenser; the use of a separatory funnel to drip the mixed acid in double-mouth flask, in 130 °C - 170 °C under reaction, during the reaction, the use of condenser to collect condensate; the condensate to the distillation is carried out, to obtain dichloro diethyl ether; double-mouth flask in the remaining liquid to filter, to obtain the 2 - chloroethyl phenoxy ethanol, wherein mixed acid include: mass ratio is 25 - 35:1 of concentrated hydrochloric acid is concentrated sulfuric acid. The embodiment of the invention the synthesis method provided not only can at the same time obtained by synthesizing dichloro diethyl ether and 2 - chloroethyl phenoxy ethanol, but also, the method reaction is simple and controllable, mild reaction conditions, raw materials are safe and easily-obtained, so that the synthesis of the two more safe and controllable, the cost is cheaper.

Preparation method of 4-dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene diether

-

Page/Page column 6; 7, (2018/09/13)

The invention relates to a preparation method of 4-dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene diether. The preparation method specifically comprises steps as follows: 1) synthesis of 2,2'-dichloroethyl ether; 2) synthesis of 4-dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene diether: 4-dodecylphenol, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 20% of a sodium hydroxide liquor are added to a four-neck flask, the mixture is stirred and heated, 2,2'-dichloroethyl ether is dropwise added to the four-neck flask within 1 h, and the mixture is rapidly heated for a reaction for 3-4 h, wherein the mass ratio of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to 4-dodecylphenol is (1.2:10)-(5:10), and the mole ratio of 4-dodecylphenol to 2,2'-dichloroethyl ether is 2.02:1; after cooling, extraction is performed, a product is dried overnight, subjected to suction filtration and normal-pressure distillation for removal of a solvent, and a pasty product, namely, 4-dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene diether is obtained. The situation that synthesisof a dimeric surfactant long-branch diether intermediate mostly takes nonylphenol as a raw material is broken through.

Double (2-haloethyl) ether synthesis method

-

Paragraph 0020-0021, (2017/02/24)

The invention relates to the synthesis of fine chemical intermediates, in particular to a synthesis method of di(2-halogenated ethyl) ether. According to the synthesis method, 1,4-thioxane-1,1-dioxo and a hydrogen halide water solution react with each other to obtain the target product, namely di(2-halogenated ethyl) ether. The synthesis method is simple and convenient in technical route, good in selectivity, high in yield, less in pollution and simple in post-processing, conforms to the tendency of the green chemical industry nowadays, and has great industrial value.

A systematic study on the activation of simple polyethers by MoCl 5 and WCl6

Dolci, Sara,Marchetti, Fabio,Pampaloni, Guido,Zacchini, Stefano

experimental part, p. 5367 - 5376 (2010/08/04)

MoCl5, 1a, and WCl6, 1b, activate 1,3-dioxolane at room temperature in chlorinated solvents: the compound [MoOCl 3{OC(H)OCH2CH2Cl}]2, 2, has been isolated from MoCl5/dioxolane. The mixed oxo-chloro species WOCl 4, 1c, reacts with 1,3-dioxolane, selectively giving the coordination adduct WOCl4(κ1-C3H6O 2), 3. Dimethoxymethane, CH2(OMe)2, undergoes activation including C-H bond cleavage when reacted with 1a to give the molybdenum complexes [MoOCl3{OC(H)OMe}]2, 4, and Mo 2Cl5(OMe)5, 5. The reactions of 1b with CH 2(OR)2 (R = Me, Et) proceed via O-abstraction with formation of the oxo-derivatives WOCl4[O(R)CH2Cl] (R = Me, 6a; R = Et, 6b) in admixture with equimolar amounts of RCl. The reactions of 1a,b with CMe2(OMe)2 lead to mesityl oxide, MeC(O)CHC(Me)2. A series of simple diethers of general formula ROCH2(CHR′)OR′′ are activated by 1a,b in CDCl 3, usually via cleavage of C-O bonds at high temperature. The complex WCl5(OCH2CH2OMe), 7, has been detected in solution as an intermediate species in the course of the degradation of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme) by 1b. The activation of CH(OMe)3 by 1 is limited to C-O bonds and selectively gives methyl chloride and methylformate, which has been found coordinated in WOCl4[OC(H)OMe], 8. The organic fragments produced in the reactions have been detected by GC-MS and NMR analyses, upon hydrolysis of the reaction mixtures. Compounds 2 and 5, which have had their molecular structures ascertained by X-ray diffraction, represent rare examples of crystallographically-characterized dinuclear Mo(v) species containing both halides and oxygen ligands.

Crosslinked polysaccharide, obtained by crosslinking with substituted polyethylene glycol, as superabsorbant

-

, (2008/06/13)

New crosslinked polysaccharides useful as absorbents or superabsorbents alone or in a mixture are obtained by reacting polysaccharides (preferably containing carboxylates groups) with at least one crosslinker selected in the group constituted by activated polyethylene glycols such as for example halogenated (Cl, Br, I), mesylated, tosylated, or triflated activated polyethylene glycols.

The halogen-mediated opening of epoxides in the presence of pyridine-containing macrocycles

Sharghi, Hashem,Niknam, Khodabakhsh,Pooyan, Maryam

, p. 6057 - 6064 (2007/10/03)

The ring opening of epoxides with elemental iodine and bromine in the presence of three pyridine-containing macrocyclic diamides as new catalysts affords vicinal iodo alcohols and bromo alcohols in high yields. This new procedure occurs regioselectively under mild conditions in various aprotic solvents. The catalysts are easily recovered and can be reused several times.

A safe and efficient procedure to prepare alkyl and alkoxyalkyl chlorides and dichlorides by catalytic decomposition of the corresponding alkyl and alkoxyalkyl chloroformates and bischloroformates with hexabutylguanidinium chloride

Violleau,Thiebaud,Borredon,Le Gars

, p. 367 - 373 (2007/10/03)

Small amounts of hexabutylguanidinium chloride (0.01 mol%) decomposes pure chloroformates or bischloroformates with different lengths of carbon chains by a semicontinuous process to diminish run-away risk, leading to chloride compounds with high yield and purity.

2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride. 3. Utility for chlorination, oxidation, reduction, and rearrangement reactions

Isobe, Toshio,Ishikawa, Tsutomu

, p. 5832 - 5835 (2007/10/03)

2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (1), which can act as a powerful dehydrating equivalent to DCC (2), is also applicable to chlorination, oxidation, reduction, and rearrangement under nearly neutral conditions. The utility of 1 for these reactions is described.

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