1198-97-6Relevant articles and documents
Divergent Synthesis of γ-Amino Acid and γ-Lactam Derivatives from meso-Glutaric Anhydrides
Connon, Stephen J.,Craig, Ryan,Smith, Simon N.
, p. 13378 - 13382 (2020)
The first divergent synthesis of both γ-amino acid and γ-lactam derivatives from meso-glutaric anhydrides is described. The organocatalytic desymmetrisation with TMSN3 relies on controlled generation of a nucleophilic ammonium azide species mediated by a polystyrene-bound base to promote efficient silylazidation. After Curtius rearrangement of the acyl azide intermediate to access the corresponding isocyanate, hydrolysis/alcoholysis provided uniformly high yields of γ-amino acids and their N-protected counterparts. The same intermediates were shown to undergo an unprecedented decarboxylation–cyclisation cascade in situ to provide synthetically useful yields of γ-lactam derivatives without using any further activating agents. Mechanistic insights invoke the intermediacy of an unconventional γ-N-carboxyanhydride (γ-NCA) in the latter process. Among the examples prepared using this transformation are 8 APIs/molecules of considerable medicinal interest.
Substituted 1-methyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-ones – Fragment-based design of N-methylpyrrolidone-derived bromodomain inhibitors
Hilton-Proctor, J. P.,Ilyichova, O.,Jennings, I. G.,Johnstone, R. W.,Mountford, S. J.,Scanlon, M. J.,Shortt, J.,Thompson, P. E.,Zheng, Z.
, (2020)
N-Methylpyrrolidone is one of several chemotypes that have been described as a mimetic of acetyl-lysine in the development of bromodomain inhibitors. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a 4-phenyl substituted analogue – 1-methyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one – and the use of aryl substitution reactions as a divergent route for derivatives. Ultimately, this has led to structurally complex, chiral compounds with progressively improved affinity as inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4.
Dendritic polyglycerol as a high-loading support for parallel multistep synthesis of GABA lactam analogues
Roller, Sebastian,Siegers, Conrad,Haag, Rainer
, p. 8711 - 8720 (2004)
A general route to 4-substituted azolidin-2-ones (GABA lactam analogues) on a soluble high-loading polyglycerol support has been developed and optimized. These biologically interesting compounds (anticonvulsive drugs) can be synthesized in three steps commencing from a polyglycerol supported (diethylphosphono)acetic acid and a carbonyl compound. The key features of this parallel approach are the cyclative cleavage and simple separation techniques (i.e., dialysis).
Synthesis and Biological Analysis of Anti-addiction Effect and Hepatotoxicity of Tow Baclofen Analogues Complexed with β-Cyclodextrin
Dib, Mohammed El Amine,El Ouar, Ibtissem,Keniche, Assia,Zeghina, Ibtissem
, p. 187 - 196 (2022/02/02)
Aim and Objective: The excessive consumption of alcohol and the installation of dependence is, in most cases, facilitated by favorable psychological factors that trigger and maintain the behavior of consumers. Examples more frequently encountered in individuals having difficulty with alcohol are, in particular: one or more anxiety disorders, deficits in the capacities to manage stress and anxiety. The main objective of this work was to study in vivo the anti-addiction effect and hepatotoxicity of tow baclofen analogues complexed with β-Cyclodextrin (βCD) on an alcohol-dependent rat model. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of two analogues, ABF1 and ABF2, close to baclofen was reported. The structural determination of the two compounds was confirmed by NMR and IR analysis. The complexation of analogues with β-Cyclodextrin (βCD) was performed in water at room temperature (25 °C). The interactions of ABF with β-Cyclodextrin, and the stability constant (Ka) of the inclusion complex formed between them were investigated by using UV-visible spectroscopy. The biological effects of baclofen and the two analogues on alcohol dependence were studied in wistar rats. The anti-addiction effect of the analogues was tested by measuring the alcohol intake and the variation of the animal behaviour. The toxicity of the compounds was also analysed on liver injury markers. Results: The amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid (ABF1) and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(methyl-2-acetate) benzamide (ABF2) were synthesized. The complexation of both analogues of baclofen (BF) with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) (ABF-βCD) was realized and confirmed by the stability constant of the inclusion complex (Ka) and Job’s method. The evaluation of anti-addiction activity in vivo showed that ABF1-βCD inhibits the consumption of alcohol at doses equivalent to those of baclofen. Both baclofen analogues have shown an anxiolytic effect. Regarding the toxicity of the two compounds, our results showed that ABF1-βCD has less toxic effect than baclofen; it reduces the activity of ALT and AST enzymes. Histologically, ABF1-βCD has no effect on the liver structure and has a protective effect against lesions alcohol-induced liver disease. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be suggested that ABF1 analogue combined with β-Cyclodextrin can be used as a treatment for alcohol dependence. Further clinical works are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Synthesis method of 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone
-
Paragraph 0008; 0029-0037, (2021/04/07)
The invention discloses a synthesis method of 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone, which comprises the following steps: by using diethyl malonate and 2-nitro-1-phenethyl ketone as raw materials, carrying out condensation reaction by using a strong Lewis base to obtain an intermediate 1, and reacting the intermediate 1 in an organic solvent under the action of palladium-carbon catalytic hydrogenation to obtain an intermediate 3-(3-methoxy carboxyl -4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone); and finally, carrying out decarboxylation reaction under the alkaline condition of an organic solvent to obtain the final 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone. In addition, 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone can also be prepared through a Fork alkylation reaction of pyrrolidone and halogenated benzene by a one-step method. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of readily available raw materials, simple reaction conditions, high yield and the like.
Assembling of medium/long chain-based β-arylated unnatural amino acid derivatives via the Pd(II)-catalyzed sp3 β-C-H arylation and a short route for rolipram-type derivatives
Tomar, Radha,Bhattacharya, Debabrata,Babu, Srinivasarao Arulananda
, p. 2447 - 2465 (2019/03/26)
In this paper, we report the assembling of libraries of β-arylated short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acid (aminoalkanoic acid) derivatives via the Pd(II)-catalyzed, bidentate directing group 8-aminoquinoline-aided sp3 β-C-H activation/arylation method. Short/medium chain-based unnatural amino acid derivatives containing an aryl group at the β-position are promising small molecules with therapeutic properties. Thus, it is necessary to enrich the libraries of short/medium/long chain-based unnatural amino acid derivatives containing an aryl group at the β-position. Considering the importance of β-arylated short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acid derivatives, an inclusive attention was paid to explore the Pd(II)-catalyzed sp3 β-C-H arylation of short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acids. Representative synthetic transformations including a short route for the assembling of rolipram and related compounds and 3-arylated GABA derivatives such as, baclofen, phenibut and tolibut were shown using selected β-C-H arylated non-α-amino acid derivatives.
New multicomponent reaction for the direct synthesis of β-aryl-γ-nitroesters promoted by hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxides as heterogeneous catalyst
D'Oca, Caroline R. M.,Naciuk, Fabricio F.,Silva, Jéssica C.,Guedes, Esthéfani P.,Moro, Celso C.,D'Oca, Marcelo G. M.,Santos, Leonardo S.,Natchigall, Fabiane M.,Russowsky, Dennis
, p. 285 - 298 (2016/12/18)
A new approach based on multicomponent/domino combined reactions for the synthesis of γ-nitroesters promoted by a mixed aluminium-magnesium oxides derived from hydrotalcite-like material was developed. Different γ-nitroesters were synthesized in 15-95percent yield using Meldrum's acid, aromatic aldehydes, nitromethane and different alcohols as reagents and solvents. The γ-aminobutyric acid derivatives, Phenibut and Baclofen, were prepared in 63 and 61percent overall yield, respectively, through a two steps synthetic strategy. A mechanistic pathway was proposed based on the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments.
Method for preparing phenyl piracetam
-
Paragraph 0036; 0037; 0038; 0039; 0040; 0041-0050, (2017/05/09)
The invention discloses a method for preparing phenyl piracetam, and belongs to the field of compound preparing. The method includes the following steps that alkali, cinnamic acid alkyl ester and nitromethane are subjected to an addition reaction to obtain 4-nitryl-3-phenylbutyric acid alkyl ester; after nitryl of the 4-nitryl-3-phenylbutyric acid alkyl ester is reduced with a reducing agent, the reduced nitryl and carbonyl are cyclized, and 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone is obtained; alkali, haloacetic acid alkyl ester and the 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone are subjected to an alkylation reaction to obtain 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone-1-acetic acid alkyl ester; the 4-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone-1-acetic acid alkyl ester and ammonia gas are reacted to obtain the phenyl piracetam. The method has the advantages of being short in reaction step, high in atom utilization, more environmentally friendly, safe in operation, high in reaction yield and purity, beneficial for achieving industrialization an the like.
Chemical assembly systems: Layered control for divergent, continuous, multistep syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients
Ghislieri, Diego,Gilmore, Kerry,Seeberger, Peter H.
, p. 678 - 682 (2015/03/04)
While continuous chemical processes have attracted both academic and industrial interest, virtually all active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are still produced by using multiple distinct batch processes. To date, methods for the divergent multistep continuous production of customizable small molecules are not available. A chemical assembly system was developed, in which flow-reaction modules are linked together in an interchangeable fashion to give access to a wide breadth of chemical space. Control at three different levels - choice of starting material, reagent, or order of reaction modules - enables the synthesis of five APIs that represent three different structural classes (γ-amino acids, γ-lactams, β-amino acids), including the blockbuster drugs Lyrica and Gabapentin, in good overall yields (49-75%).
One pot domino reaction accessing γ-nitroesters: Synthesis of GABA derivatives
Naciuk, Fabricio F.,Vargas, Debora Z.,D'oca, Caroline R. M.,Moro, Celso C.,Russowsky, Dennis
, p. 1643 - 1653 (2015/03/18)
Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitrostyrenes is efficiently promoted by hydrotalcite [Mg-Al] to afford the respective γ-nitrodicarbonyl adducts. Differently, the addition of Meldrum's acid leads to a direct access of γ-nitroesters through a one pot domino process. GABA derivatives (+/-)-phenibut and (+/-)-baclofen were readily synthesized from the respective nitro adducts.
