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141-53-7

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141-53-7 Usage

Chemical properties

It is a white powder, with water absorption and a slight odor of formic acid. It is dissolved in water and glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol and insoluble in ether.

Solubility in water

Dissolved quantity per 100 ml of water at different temperatures (℃) in grams: 43.9g/0 ℃, 62.5g/10 ℃, 81.2g/20 ℃, 102g/30 ℃, 108g/40 ℃ 122g/60 ℃, 138g/80 ℃, 147g/90 ℃, 160g/100 ℃

Sodium formate and calcium formate

Sodium formate and calcium formate are two kinds of common metal salts of formic acid, sodium formate, also known as sodium formate, There are two kinds of molecular forms of sodium formate compounds in nature: ① as a white crystalline powder, anhydrous sodium formate is slightly hygroscopic, poisonous. The relative density is 1.92 (20 ℃), m.p. is 253 ℃. It is dissolved in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and insoluble in ether. ② sodium formate dihydrate is colorless crystals. With slight formic acid odor, it is toxic. It is dissolved in water and glycerine, slightly soluble in ethanol. It broke down into hydrogen and sodium oxalate under strong heat, and finally converted into sodium carbonate. It is produced by the interaction of formic acid and sodium hydroxide. The main purpose of sodium formate as follows: Sodium formate can be used as chemical analysis reagent, used for determination of arsenic and phosphorus, also used as a disinfectant, mordant and so on. Powdered sodium formate is used in industrial instand of formic acid to improve the performance of limestone FGD systems, the advantage is application safety and health. Preparation of sodium formate: Sodium bicarbonate reacts with formic acid in laboratory, remain the solution basic, remove Fe3 +, filtered, and add formic acid into the filtrate, and the solution was acidic, then evaporate, crystallize to obtain crude sodium. Calcium is a free-flowing white crystalline powder, with mouldproof, fungicidal, antibacterial effects, is an organic acid feed additive. Its content is 99%, with 69% formic acid, 31% calcium, low water content. This product has a high melting point, is not easy to be destroyed in the particle mass. Feed is added 0.9% to 1.5%. This product is broken down into formic acid in the stomach, reduces the pH of the stomach, maintains digestive acidity, prevents the growth of bacteria to control and prevent bacterial infection-related diarrhea. Trace acid activates pepsinogen role in enhancing the absorption of active ingredients in feed, and producing chelation with minerals in feed to promote digestion and absorption of minerals, also be used as a supplement of calcium. For the prevention of diarrhea of piglets and improve survival, promote feed conversion and daily gain. The above information is collected and finished by Xiaonan of lookchem.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 141-53-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. Sodium formate is mainly for the production of formic acid, oxalic acid and insurance powder and so on. 2. It is used as the reagent for the determination of phosphorus and arsenic, disinfectant and mordant. 3. It is used as preservatives, with diuretic effect. It is mutatis mutandis in EEC countries, but the British are not allowed to use. 4. Sodium formate is used as intermediates in the production of formic acid and oxalic acid, but also for the production of dimethyl formamide, also used in medicine, printing and dyeing industry. It is also heavy metal precipitant. 5. It is used as alkyd paints, plasticizers, high explosives, acid-resistant materials, aviation lubricants, additives of adhesives. 6. It is used for precipitating noble metal, may form trivalent metal complex ions in the solution. With buffer effect, it can be used for correcting pH value of strong mineral acids to be higher. It is precipitant of heavy metal.
2. Sodium formate is used in several fabric dyeing and printing processes. It is also used as a buffering agent for strong mineral acids to increase their pH, and as a food additive ( E237 ) .
3. Precipitant for noble metals.
4. In dyeing and printing fabrics; also In animal chemistry as a precipitant for the "noble" metals. Solubilizes trivalent metal ions in solution by forming complex ions. Buffering action adjusts the pH of strong mineral acids to higher values.

Production method

1. It is obtained in industrial by the reaction of carbon monoxide with sodium hydroxide at 150-170 ℃, about 2MPa. In fact, the production process of sodium formate is part of the production of sodium oxalate, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution for absorbing the reaction was 25%-30%. Sodium formate can be produced by the reaction of formic acid with oxygen or sodium bicarbonate. Material consumption fixed: Carbon monoxide (> 28%) 1630kg/t, caustic soda (> 30%) 2160kg/t. 2. It is the byproduct of pentaerythritol. 2. It is obtained by the reaction of carbon monoxide with sodium hydroxide at 160 ℃, 2MPa.

Description

Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH. It usually appears as a white deliquescent powder.

Chemical Properties

white crystals

Physical properties

White crystals; slightly hygroscopic; faint odor of formic acid; density 1.92 g/cm3; melts at 253°C; decomposes on further heating, first forming sodium oxalate and hydrogen and then sodium carbonate; very soluble in water; the aqueous solution neutral, pH about 7; soluble in glycerol; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.

Definition

ChEBI: An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of formic acid.

Preparation

Sodium formate can be prepared in the laboratory by neutralizing formic acid with sodium carbonate. It can also be obtained by reacting chloroform with an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide. CHCl3 + 4NaOH → HCOONa + 3NaCl + 2H2O or by reacting sodium hydroxide with chloral hydrate. C2HCl3(OH)2 + NaOH → CHCl3 + HCOONa + H2O The latter method is, in general, preferred to the former because the low aqueous solubility of CHCl3 makes it easier to separate out from the sodium formate solution, by fractional crystallization, than the soluble NaCl would be. For commercial use, sodium formate is produced by absorbing carbon monoxide under pressure in solid sodium hydroxide at 160 °C. CO + NaOH → HCOONa Sodium formate may also be created via the haloform reaction between ethanol and sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a base.

General Description

Sodium formate is the colorless sodium salt of formic acid. It can be prepared by reacting formic acid with sodium hydroxide or carbonate. Its crystal structure has been investigated. Its crystals exhibit monoclinic-holohedral symmetry.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NazO. See also FORMIC ACID.

Purification Methods

A saturated aqueous solution at 90o (0.8mL water/g) is filtered and allowed to cool slowly. (The final temperature should be above 30o to prevent formation of the hydrate.) After two such crystallissations, the crystals are dried in an oven at 130o, then under high vacuum. [Westrum et al. J Phys Chem 64 1553 1960, Roecker & Meyer J Am Chem Soc 108 4066 1986.] The salt has also been recrystallised twice from 1mM DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, which was recrystallised 4x from MilliQ water and dried in a vacuum), then twice from water [Bielski & Thomas J Am Chem Soc 109 7761 1987]. [Beilstein 2 IV 3.]

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 141-53-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,4 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 141-53:
(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*1)+(2*5)+(1*3)=37
37 % 10 = 7
So 141-53-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH2O2.Na/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1

141-53-7 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (36424)  Sodium formate, ACS, 99.0% min   

  • 141-53-7

  • 500g

  • 431.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (36424)  Sodium formate, ACS, 99.0% min   

  • 141-53-7

  • 2kg

  • 1313.0CNY

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A17813)  Sodium formate, 98%   

  • 141-53-7

  • 250g

  • 188.0CNY

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A17813)  Sodium formate, 98%   

  • 141-53-7

  • 1000g

  • 316.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A17813)  Sodium formate, 98%   

  • 141-53-7

  • 5000g

  • 869.0CNY

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (247596)  Sodiumformate  ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

  • 141-53-7

  • 247596-100G

  • 618.93CNY

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (247596)  Sodiumformate  ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

  • 141-53-7

  • 247596-500G

  • 992.16CNY

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (247596)  Sodiumformate  ACS reagent, ≥99.0%

  • 141-53-7

  • 247596-2.5KG

  • 3,814.20CNY

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  • Honeywell

  • (71540)  Sodiumformate  purum p.a., ≥98.0% (NT)

  • 141-53-7

  • 71540-250G

  • 510.12CNY

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  • Honeywell

  • (71540)  Sodiumformate  purum p.a., ≥98.0% (NT)

  • 141-53-7

  • 71540-1KG

  • 1,388.79CNY

  • Detail
  • Honeywell

  • (71540)  Sodiumformate  purum p.a., ≥98.0% (NT)

  • 141-53-7

  • 71540-5KG

  • 1,736.28CNY

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (107603)  Sodiumformate  reagent grade, 97%

  • 141-53-7

  • 107603-1KG

  • 469.17CNY

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141-53-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name sodium formate

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Formic acid, sodium salt

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:141-53-7 SDS

141-53-7Synthetic route

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

formic acid
64-18-6

formic acid

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

A

Pentaerythritol
115-77-5

Pentaerythritol

B

Dipentaerythritol
126-58-9

Dipentaerythritol

C

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: formaldehyd; acetaldehyde With sodium hydroxide at 45 - 65℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 1.38333h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: formic acid pH=6; Product distribution / selectivity;
A 87.4%
B 5%
C 99.7%
carbon dioxide
124-38-9

carbon dioxide

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium amalgam In not given Kinetics; High Pressure; in 1 M HCOONa-solution satd. with NaHCO3, CO2-pressure 15 kg/cm2 and at 0-55°C;99%
With sodium amalgam In water circulating CO2 and react. soln. at ambient temp., normal or raised pressure, pH 4.4-5.0;;91%
With sodium amalgam In not given Kinetics; in 1 M HCOONa-solution satd. with NaHCO3, CO2-pressure 1 kg/cm2 and at 0-55°C;70%
calcium carbonate

calcium carbonate

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium nitrite In water at 90℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Temperature;98.98%
sodium hydroxide
1310-73-2

sodium hydroxide

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With carbon monoxide In water heating NaOH soln. with pressure 20 atm;;96.1%
With carbon monoxide In neat (no solvent) CO (6-7 atm.) is passed over finely powdered NaOH (eventually a mixture of NaOH and CaO) at 150-170°C;;> 99
With carbon monoxide In water
2-methyl-4-amino-5-formylaminomethylpyrimidine
1886-34-6

2-methyl-4-amino-5-formylaminomethylpyrimidine

A

5-(aminomethyl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-amine
95-02-3

5-(aminomethyl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-amine

B

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; water In methanol at 66.84 - 75.84℃; for 4.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 95.9%
B 56.3%
With sodium hydroxide; water In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 80℃; for 4h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 94.2%
B 91.9%
With sodium hydroxide; water In isopropyl alcohol at 80 - 85℃; for 3.5 - 5.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 93.2%
B 72.5%
N-(3-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-yl)formamide

N-(3-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-yl)formamide

A

3-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-amine

3-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-amine

B

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 12h;A 95%
B 61%
oxalic acid
144-62-7

oxalic acid

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetrasodium phenylporphyrintetrasulphonatoferrate(III); oxygen; sodium hydroxide In water at 150℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 3h; Autoclave;94.7%
2-phenylethanol
60-12-8

2-phenylethanol

A

(1E)-1,3-diphenylpropene
3412-44-0

(1E)-1,3-diphenylpropene

B

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (bis[(2-diisopropylphosphino)ethyl]amine)Mn(CO)2Br; sodium hydroxide In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene at 145℃; for 16h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;A 93%
B n/a
carbon dioxide
124-38-9

carbon dioxide

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide (Rh(cod)Cl)2 and phosphine ligand are dissolved in DMSO under N2 and Et3N is added, mixt. is stirred for 20 min and transferred to an autoclave, which is purged and pressurised with CO2 (20 atm) and then with H2 (40 atm), after 18 h aq. NaOH is added; filtn. (catalyst), water and Et3O are removed from the filtrate in vac., filtn., washing (Et2O); amt. of formic acid by NMR;91%
With water; palladium In not given Electrolysis; high pressure;; poor yield;;
With H2O
With Mo(NO)(CO)(N(CH2CH2PiPr2)2); sodium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 140℃; under 75007.5 Torr; for 15h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; Autoclave; High pressure;4 %Spectr.
bromobenzene
108-86-1

bromobenzene

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

A

sodium benzoate
532-32-1

sodium benzoate

B

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; tetraethylammonium iodide; triphenylphosphine; bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride In water; m-xylene at 85 - 90℃; for 14h; Product distribution; influence of various PTC; effect of molar ratio;A 90%
B 9.3%
1-chloroperfluoro-2-hexanone
87375-49-3

1-chloroperfluoro-2-hexanone

A

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

B

Sodium perfluoropentanoate
2706-89-0

Sodium perfluoropentanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water Product distribution; Heating;A n/a
B 87%
sodium hydrogencarbonate
144-55-8

sodium hydrogencarbonate

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nickel; hydrogen In water at 200℃; under 45004.5 Torr; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Pressure; Green chemistry;86.6%
With hydrogen In water at 100℃; under 30003 Torr; for 10h; Autoclave;85.3%
With RuCl2((iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH); hydrogen In water at 150℃; under 25858.1 Torr; for 18h; Temperature;84%
sodium 4-toluenesulfinate

sodium 4-toluenesulfinate

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

formic acid
64-18-6

formic acid

toluene-4-sulfonamide
70-55-3

toluene-4-sulfonamide

A

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

B

N-(p-toluenesulfonylmethyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide
41369-60-2

N-(p-toluenesulfonylmethyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 70 - 75℃;A n/a
B 85%
1,1-dichloroperfluoro-2-butanone
87375-48-2

1,1-dichloroperfluoro-2-butanone

A

Dichlorofluoromethane
75-43-4

Dichlorofluoromethane

B

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

C

sodium pentafluoropropionate
378-77-8

sodium pentafluoropropionate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water Product distribution;A 33.5%
B n/a
C 84.5%
1-chloroheptafluoro-2-butanone
87375-46-0

1-chloroheptafluoro-2-butanone

A

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

B

sodium pentafluoropropionate
378-77-8

sodium pentafluoropropionate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water for 1h; Product distribution; Heating;A n/a
B 83%
C15H13N6O7(1-)*Na(1+)

C15H13N6O7(1-)*Na(1+)

A

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

B

N'-(5,7-dinitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene

N'-(5,7-dinitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water at 90℃; for 1h;A n/a
B 75%
sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nickel; hydrogen In water at 200℃; under 45004.5 Torr; for 2h; Green chemistry;71.2%
With sodium nitrite In water at 90℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst;48.7%
With H2; catalyst: (RuCl2(benzene))2/dppm In tetrahydrofuran; water 50 bar H2 and 30 bar CO, 2 h at 70°C; detd. by NMR;
With (1,4-dimethyl-5,7-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazin-6-one) irontricarbonyl complex3; Cr(3+)*HO(1-)*C8H4O4(2-)*H2O; hydrogen In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
carbon dioxide
124-38-9

carbon dioxide

A

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

B

sodium hydrogencarbonate
144-55-8

sodium hydrogencarbonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With RuCl2((iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH); water; hydrogen; sodium hydroxide at 140℃; under 25858.1 Torr; for 4h; Temperature;A 71%
B 29%
With RuCl2((iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH); water; hydrogen; sodium hydroxide at 130℃; under 25858.1 Torr; for 4h;A 29.5%
B 70.5%
trifluoromethan
75-46-7

trifluoromethan

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide at 140℃; under 2585.81 Torr; for 24h; Solvent; Temperature;65%
ammonium carbonate
506-87-6

ammonium carbonate

sodium formate
141-53-7

sodium formate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; copper(II) oxide In water at 90℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst;64.79%

141-53-7Relevant articles and documents

Lundsted, L. G.

, p. 323 - 324 (1949)

Iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of bicarbonates and carbon dioxide to formates

Zhu, Fengxiang,Zhu-Ge, Ling,Yang, Guangfu,Zhou, Shaolin

, p. 609 - 612 (2015)

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate to formate has been explored extensively. The vast majority of the known active catalyst systems are based on precious metals. Herein, we describe an effective, phosphine-free, airand moisture-

Catena-Poly[disodium [[diformato-tricopper(II)]-di-μ3- formato-tetra-μ2-formato]]: A new mode of bridging between binuclear and mononuclear formate-copper(II) units

Golobic, Amalija,Malekovic, Martina,Segedin, Primoz

, p. m102-m104 (2006)

The novel title polymeric copper(II) complex, {Na2[Cu 3-(CHO2)8]}n, consists of sodium cations and infinite anionic chains, in which neutral dinuclear [Cu 2(O2CH)4] moieties alternate with dianionic [Cu(O2CH)4]2- units. Both metal-containing moieties are located on crystallographic inversion centers. The syn-syn bridging configuration between the mononuclear and dinuclear components yields a structure that is significantly more dense than the structures previously reported for mononuclear-dinuclear copper(II) carboxylates with syn-anti or anti-anti bridging modes.

Mesoporous Silica-Encaged Ultrafine Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Formates

Sun, Qiming,Fu, Xinpu,Si, Rui,Wang, Chi-Hwa,Yan, Ning

, p. 5093 - 5097 (2019)

CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid/formate has been recognized as a key reaction to realizing the CO2-mediated hydrogen energy cycle. Herein, ultrafine and well-dispersed Pd?CoO nanoparticles (~1.8 nm) were encapsulated within mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) via a facile one-pot ligand-protected synthesis strategy. The MSN-encaged bimetallic nanocatalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability for the formate production from CO2 hydrogenation, showing high turnover frequency value up to 1824 h?1 at 373 K, which is among the top-level reported for heterogeneous catalysts.

A MOF-assisted phosphine free bifunctional iron complex for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate and carbonate to formate

Coufourier, Sébastien,Gaillard, Sylvain,Clet, Guillaume,Serre, Christian,Daturi, Marco,Renaud, Jean-Luc

, p. 4977 - 4980 (2019)

The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid (FA) with Earth-abundant metals is a vibrant research area because FA is an attractive molecule for hydrogen storage. We report a cyclopentadienyl iron tricarbonyl complex that provides up to 3000 turnover number for carbon dioxide hydrogenation when combined with a catalytic amount of the chromium dicarboxylate MOF MIL-53(Cr). To date, this is the highest turnover number reported in the presence of a phosphine-free iron complex.

PERFLUORO- AND POLYFLUOROCHLOROKETONES IN HALOFORM CLEAVAGE REACTION

Saloutina, L. V.,Zapevalov, A. Ya.,Kodess, M. I.,Kolenko, I. P.,German, L. S.

, p. 1023 - 1025 (1984)

-

Nanoporous Ag-Sn derived from codeposited AgCl-SnO2 for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with high formate selectivity

Wang, Xiaoyan,Xiao, Wei,Zhang, Jichen,Wang, Zhiyong,Jin, Xianbo

, p. 52 - 56 (2019)

Nanoporous Ag-Sn was prepared by direct electroreduction of a codeposited AgCl-SnO2 mixture in 0.1 M HCl, and evaluated as an electrode catalyst for the reduction of CO2 in 0.5 M KHCO3. A volcano-type correlation between selectivity for the formate product and the atomic ratio of Ag to Sn in the nanoporous catalysts was revealed. It was found that the bimetallic catalyst with a Ag:Sn ratio of 3:2, mainly composed of the Ag4Sn alloy, showed excellent catalytic performance for the conversion of CO2 to formate. This catalyst delivered a current of about 10 mA cm?2 with a high formate faradaic efficiency of about 85% at ?0.8 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the catalytic activity remained reasonably stable during a 13.5-hour electrolysis.

Ligand assisted carbon dioxide activation and hydrogenation using molybdenum and tungsten amides

Chakraborty, Subrata,Blacque, Olivier,Berke, Heinz

, p. 6560 - 6570 (2015)

The hepta-coordinated isomeric M(NO)Cl3(PNHP) complexes {M = Mo, 1a(syn,anti); W, 1b(syn,anti), PNHP = (iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH, (HN atom of PNHP syn and anti to the NO ligand)} and the paramagnetic species M(NO)Cl2(PNHP) (M = Mo, 2a(syn,anti); W, 2b(syn,anti)) could be prepared via a new synthetic pathway. The pseudo trigonal bipyramidal amides M(NO)(CO)(PNP) {M = Mo, 3a; W, 3b; [PNP]- = [(iPr2PCH2CH2)2N]-} were reacted with CO2 at room temperature with CO2 approaching the MN double bond in the equatorial (CO,NO,N) plane trans to the NO ligand and forming the pseudo-octahedral cyclic carbamates M(NO)(CO)(PNP)(OCO) (M = Mo, 4a(trans); W = 4b(trans)). DFT calculations revealed that the approach to form the 4b(trans) isomer is kinetically determined. The amine hydrides M(NO)H(CO)(PNHP) {M = Mo, 5a(cis,trans); W, 5b(cis,trans)}, obtained by H2 addition to 3a,b, insert CO2 (2 bar) at room temperature into the M-H bond generating isomeric mixtures of the η1-formato complexes M(NO)(CO)(PNHP)(η1-OCHO), (M = Mo, 6a(cis,trans); M = W, 6b(cis,trans)). Closing the stoichiometric cycles for sodium formate formation the 6a,b(cis,trans) isomeric mixtures were reacted with 1 equiv. of Na[N(SiMe3)2] regenerating 3a,b. Attempts to turn the stoichiometric formate production into catalytic CO2 hydrogenation using 3a,b in the presence of various types of sterically congested bases furnished yields of formate salts of up to 4%. This journal is

Facile hydrogenation of bicarbonate to formate in aqueous medium by highly stable nickel-azatrane complex

Sivanesan, Dharmalingam,Seo, Bongkuk,Lim, Choong-Sun,Kim, Hyeon-Gook

, p. 121 - 128 (2020)

Molecular catalyst-based direct hydrogenation of bicarbonate to formate in aqueous medium is a challenging research topic for the H2 storage. Finding a green and effective method for the bicarbonate to formate conversion with non-precious metal-based catalyst is vital to the practical application. We report the direct hydrogenation of bicarbonate to formate using a water soluble nickel-azatrane complex. Catalysts 1–5, designed and synthesized, were screened for the hydrogenation of bicarbonate to formate in aqueous medium; the best TON of 121 was obtained for catalyst 4 at 120 °C (60 bar). Introduction of isopropyl (2) and methyl (3 and 4) groups in the coordination environment of the metal center enhances the production of formate. Further, the hydrogenation of bicarbonate with CO2 promoted the formate production for catalyst 4 with a TON of 92 (3 h). The use of green solvent and non-precious metal catalyst makes this catalytic method environmentally sustainable.

Efficient and Mild Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Formate Catalyzed by Fe(II) Hydrido Carbonyl Complexes Bearing 2,6-(Diaminopyridyl)diphosphine Pincer Ligands

Bertini, Federica,Gorgas, Nikolaus,St?ger, Berthold,Peruzzini, Maurizio,Veiros, Luis F.,Kirchner, Karl,Gonsalvi, Luca

, p. 2889 - 2893 (2016)

Fe(II) hydrido carbonyl complexes supported by PNP pincer ligands based on the 2,6-diaminopyridine scaffold were found to promote the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 and NaHCO3 to formate in protic solvents in the presence of bases, r

Conversion of CO2 from air into formate using amines and phosphorus-nitrogen PN3P-Ru(ii) pincer complexes

Guan, Chao,Pan, Yupeng,Ang, Eleanor Pei Ling,Hu, Jinsong,Yao, Changguang,Huang, Mei-Hui,Li, Huaifeng,Lai, Zhiping,Huang, Kuo-Wei

, p. 4201 - 4205 (2018)

Well-defined ruthenium(ii) PN3P pincer complexes were developed for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Excellent product selectivity and catalytic activity with TOF (turnover frequency) and TON (turnover number) up to 13000 h-1 and 33000, respectively, in a THF/H2O biphasic system were achieved. Notably, effective conversion of carbon dioxide from air into formate was conducted in the presence of an amine, allowing easy product separation and catalyst recycling.

Cu AND Cu-BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOY ELECTRODES FOR ANODIC FORMALDEHYDE ELECTRO-OXIDATION

Machida, Ken-ichi,Enyo, Michio

, p. 75 - 78 (1985)

The electrodes of Cu and Cu-based amorphous alloys, a-Cu35Ti65 and a-Cu33Zr67, were very active for the HCHO electro-oxidation in alkaline solutions.The oxidation started at electrode potentials as low as 0.1 V (RHE) and the HF-treated amorphous alloys exhibited high current densities around 40 mA cm-2 (app.) at 0.2 V.

Direct Formation of Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide and Dihydrogen using the 2>-Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2 Catalyst System

Graf, Elisabeth,Leitner, Walter

, p. 623 - 624 (1992)

Formic acid, isolable as sodium formate from the reaction mixture, is produced directly from hydrogen and carbon dioxide with yields up to 1150 moles per mole of rhodium using a homogeneous catalyst formed in situ from 2> and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2; the precious metal is recovered during work-up in a catalytically active form.

Kinetic Analysis of Electroless Deposition of Copper

Schumacher, R.,Pesek, J. J.,Melroy, O. R.

, p. 4338 - 4342 (1985)

Kinetic data on elelctroless copper deposition from a formaldehyde/EDTA solution are analyzed and discussed in terms of a formal kinetic rate law.The derived rate equation shows first-order dependence on the methylene glycol anion and zeroth order on cupric ion.Kinetic preexponential factors evaluated from temperature dependencies of reaction rates indicate that the rate-determining step involves an adsorbed species.A primary kinetic isotope effect kH/kD = 5 upon substitution of deuterium for protium in formaldehyde indicates that cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bond of the adsorbed methylene glycol anion is rate determining.

A Raman spectral study of the kinetics of deuterium-hydrogen exchange on the formate anion at elevated temperatures and pressures

Bartholomew, Richard J.,Stevenson, Wendy J.,Irish, Donald E.

, p. 1695 - 1701 (1996)

Raman spectra of the hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction occurring in the HCOO--D2O system at elevated temperatures and pressures are reported. The rate constants at four temperatures have been measured and from these an activation energy of around 170 kJ mol-1 has been calculated. Exchange also takes place in the DCOO--H2O system. The rate constants at four temperatures indicate an activation energy of 93 kJ mol-1.

Carbon dioxide conversion into the reaction intermediate sodium formate for the synthesis of formic acid

Masood, Muhammad Hanan,Haleem, Noor,Shakeel, Iqra,Jamal, Yousuf

, p. 5165 - 5180 (2020)

Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from anthropogenic activities are a contributing factor to the growing global warming worldwide. The economical method to recover and effectively reuse CO2 is through adsorption and absorption. In this study, CO2 is absorbed into the solution of sodium hydroxide having various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0?N), and the impact of the solution pH on the various product formation was observed. The resultant products formed at different pH of the absorbing solution are sodium carbonate at pH 10, Trona at pH 9, and sodium hydrogen carbonate at pH 8. The products formed are confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. After pH optimization, the sodium hydrogen carbonate formed at pH 8 is converted into sodium formate through hydrogenation in the presence of nickel ferrite catalyst at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure. The sodium formate produced is then used as a precursor to synthesize formic acid upon simple reaction with sulfuric acid. A reaction % age yield of 79 ± 0.2% formic acid is noted. Condensed formic acid vapors are later analyzed, using a high performance?liquid chromatography for the qualitative analysis.

Kinetics and mechanisms of the catalytic reactions of formaldehyde with copper oxides and a copper ion complex in aqueous alkali

Demchenko,Belkin

, p. 26 - 33 (2011)

The kinetics of the autocatalytic reactions of formaldehyde with copper(II) and copper(I) oxides and with the Cu2+ ion of the copper EDTA complex, as well as formaldehyde disproportionation in the presence of copper metal, have been investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide. Two likely reaction mechanisms are presented. The difference between these mechanisms does not alter the observed kinetics of the processes, whose rate is determined by their first, slow step, namely, the oxidation of the methylene glycol anion adsorbed on the copper surface into formic acid. In the slow step of the first mechanism, a hydride ion is abstracted from the methylene glycol anion and is transferred to copper. In the slow step of the second mechanism, the methylene glycol anion undergoes anodic oxidation, releasing a hydrogen atom and an electron. In the rapid steps of the first mechanism, the hydride ion undergoes anodic oxidation to hydrogen, the copper compound undergoes cathodic reduction to copper metal, and, simultaneously, the electron and hydrogen are transferred to a nonionized formaldehyde molecule to yield methanol. Mathematical models are suggested for the reactions. The effective rate constants and activation energies of the slow steps of the reactions have been determined. The effective rate constants of the noncatalytic reduction reactions of the copper compounds and the ratios of the rates of the rapid hydrogen and methanol formation reactions have been estimated.

Preparation method of sodium formate

-

Paragraph 0025-0044, (2021/06/26)

The invention discloses a preparation method of sodium formate. The method adopts trifluoroacetoacetic acid ethyl enol sodium salt and formic acid as raw materials, and comprises the following steps: A1, adding formic acid into an ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate enol sodium salt solution, controlling the temperature at 10-60 DEG C, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 2.0-5.0 hours after the formic acid is added; and A2, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the reaction liquid, wherein the separated solid is crude sodium formate. The method has the advantages of mild reaction, high safety, high sodium formate purity, basically no three wastes and the like.

Artificial co-enzyme based on carbamoyl-modified viologen derivative cation radical for formate dehydrogenase in the catalytic CO2reduction to formate

Miyaji, Akimitsu,Amao, Yutaka

, p. 18808 - 18812 (2020/11/18)

Formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH) from Candida boidinii is a useful biocatalyst for CO2 reduction to formate in the photoredox system, and consists of a visible-light sensitizer and an electron mediator. The electron mediator, single-electron reduced 4,4′-bipyridinium salts (4,4′-BPs) represented by methylviologen act as the co-enzyme for CbFDH in the CO2 reduction to formate. Considering that the single-electron reduced 4,4′- or 2,2′-BPs activate the CbFDH-mediated CO2 reduction to formate, the architecture of the effective co-enzyme based on the chemical modification of BP is useful for the development of the catalytic reduction of CO2 to formate with CbFDH. NAD+ has a carbamoyl group or nicotinamide moiety, which can form hydrogen bonds with some amino residues in CbFDH. Thus, we predicted that the affinity of 4,4′-BP for CbFDH could be improved by introducing a carbamoyl group or nicotinamide moiety into 4,4′-BP. In this work, the interaction between the single-electron reduced 1-carbamoylmethyl-1′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt, 1,1′-dicarbamoylmethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt and 1-nicotinamidethyl-1′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt and CbFDH in the CO2 reduction to formate is elucidated by enzymatic kinetic analysis, the docking simulation and density functional theory calculation.

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