50-01-1 Usage
Chemical Description
Guanidine hydrochloride, urea, and thiourea are reagents used in the synthesis of dihydropyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-3-carboxanilide derivatives.
description
Guanidine hydrochloride is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant.It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.
Guanidine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of guanidine, a strong basic compound with parasympathomimetic activity. Guanidine hydrochloride enhances the release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse and potentiates acetylcholine actions on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. It also appears to slow the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes.
Guanidine Hydrochloride is a powerful, chaotropic agent which is widely used for purification of proteins and nucleic acids. Guanidine Hydrochloride is useful for denaturation and refolding of proteins as well as in the recovery of periplasmic proteins and isolation of RNA. At higher concentrations, this strong denaturant has been reported to solubilize denatured insoluble proteins such as inclusion bodies. When utilized at lower concentrations, Guanidine Hydrochloride is noted to be useful in prompting the refolding of denatured proteins. Guanidine Hydrochloride is also been reported to allow return of enzymatic activity in protocols using Guanidine Hydrochloride as a first step. Guanidine Hydrochloride is an inhibitor of RNase.
Guanidine hydrochloride is used for purification of proteins and nucleic acids. It can be used as a medicine, organic synthesis intermediate and is used in dyes. It acts as an intermediate in the preparation of sulfadiazine, which is an important raw material for sulfamethyldiazine, sulfamethazine and folic acid. It is utilized in the synthesis of 2-amino-pyrimidine, 2-amino-6-methyl-pyrimidine and 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine. Also used in RNA isolation to dissociate nucleoproteins and inhibit RNase.
Protein Denaturation
Guanidine Hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is a better denaturant than urea.It should normally give higher and lower values for m and for Cm, respectively, but identical deltaG° values. Since m values in both denaturants can be predicted/estimated from the size of the protein (Myers et al., 1995) and delatG° should not change, yes it is possible-in principle-to predict Cm in one denaturant, knowing its value in the other. but to have a general correlation co-efficient is almost impossible as every protein has unique folding. Though such co-relation may be found for a special protein fold, but what purpose it may serve apart from giving a tentative idea that GdnHCl or urea may be a better denaturant! If you are looking for even better denaturant than Gdn HCl then use GdnSCN, it is better and more effective
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 50-01-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Guanidine hydrochloride is used in RNA isolation to dissociate nucleoproteins and inhibit RNase.
Strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins. This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies. This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary.
2. Used to synthesis medicine, pesticide, dye and other organic compound, is the important material to make sulfanilamide medicine and folacin, and can be used as anti-static agent of compound fibre.
3. Guanidine hydrochloride is used for purification of proteins and nucleic acids. It can be used as a medicine, organic synthesis intermediate and is used in dyes. It acts as an intermediate in the preparation of sulfadiazine, which is an important raw material for sulfamethyldiazine, sulfamethazine and folic acid. It is utilized in the synthesis of 2-amino-pyrimidine, 2- amino -6- methyl-pyrimidine and 2-amino -4,6 - dimethyl-pyrimidine. Also used in RNA isolation to dissociate nucleoproteins and inhibit RNase.
Drug intermediates
Guanidine hydrochloride drug used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of sulfadiazine, an important raw material sulfamethyldiazine, sulfamethazine and folic acid.
Guanidine hydrochloride (or guanidine nitrate) and ethyl cyanoacetate reaction, cyclization of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy pyrimidine, folic acid for the synthesis of antianemic. Furthermore guanidine hydrochloride also used synthetic anti-static agent.
Preparation
Different sources of media describe the Preparation of 50-01-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. In Dicyanodiamide and ammonium (Ammonium chloride) as raw material, melt reaction at 170-230 ℃, guanidine hydrochloride obtained crude, refined products.
2. The preparation of guanidine hydrochloride is as follows:Step 1, Fritting. Put dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with a weight ratio of 1:1.27 into the reactor for frit reaction at 170~230℃, then we can obtain the crude guanidine hydrochloride.Step 2, Dissolving. At normal temperature, the crude guanidine hydrochloride is dissolved in water at a ratio of 1:1, and the solution is added with the ammonium salt alkaloid whose dosage is determined according to the content of the ammonium salt in the crude guanidine hydrochloride;Step 3, Filtering. Remove the raw materials and reaction by-products by filtration;Step 4, Dehydrating. Dehydrate the filtered ground mother liquor at high temperature;Step 5, Crystallizing. Cool the supersaturated solution, concentrate and crystallize to obtain high-purity guanidine hydrochloride.Step 6, Put dicyandiamide into reactor with the guanidine hydrochloride after step 5, and the frit reaction was carried out at 170~230℃ for 3~4h. Then, the higher purity guanidine hydrochloride was obtained through steps 2, 3, 4 and 5, and this step can be repeated several times as needed.Step 7, The guanidine hydrochloride after step 5 is then subjected to steps 2, 3, 4, and 5, wherein the ratio to water in step 2 is 1.5:1 to obtain higher purity guanidine hydrochloride, and this can be repeated numerous times as required.
Reference quality standards
Name of Project Specifications
Pharmaceutical grade industrial grade
Appearance white crystal; white crystal
Content > 99% 99.5%
Ammonium <0.3% 0.5%
Water Insoluble substance <0.1% 0.1%
Moisture <0.3% 0.3%
Ash <0.05% 0.05%
Water-soluble test qualified; qualified
Melting range °C 184-188; 182-188
Absorbance (UV wavelength 260NM) <=0.04
Absorbance (UV wavelength 280NM) <=0.02
PH value (4% aqueous solution) 6.4 ± 0.2 6.4 ± 0.2
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68019791
https://www.scbt.com/scbt/product/guanidine-hydrochloride-50-01-1
https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/A13543/
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Protein_Denaturation_Urea_vs_Guanidine_Hydrochloride_GdnHCl
Chemical Properties
white crystal powder. It is almost insoluble in acetone, benzene and ether.
Definition
ChEBI: Guanidine Hydrochloride is an aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. It is a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism.
Application
Guanidine hydrochloride can be used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and other organic synthesis intermediates. It can be used to synthesize 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-amino-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, and is used for the manufacture of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine and other sulfa drugs. Intermediate. Guanidine hydrochloride (or guanidine nitrate) reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate to form 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, which is used to synthesize the anti-anemia drug folic acid. It can also be used as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers. Can also be used for protein denaturants. As a strong denaturant in experiments for extracting total cellular RNA[3]. The guanidine hydrochloride solution can dissolve the protein, leading to the destruction of the cell structure, the destruction of the secondary structure of the nucleoprotein, and the dissociation from the nucleic acid. In addition, the RNase can be inactivated by reducing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride.
General Description
Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is a well-known protein and enzyme denaturant. It is a small molecule and hydroscopic in nature.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion, evolves hydrogen chloride
fumes on heating.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is involved in conformational changes and loss of enzyme activity due to inactivation of the enzyme. It is involved in the loss of activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) enzyme in Haliotis diversicolor. GdnHCl functions by hampering the activity of heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in vivo. It can also inactivate enzymes like papain and aminocyclase. Higher concentrations of GdnHCl leads to viral inactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).
Purification Methods
Crystallise the hydrochloride from hot methanol by chilling to about -10o, with vigorous stirring. The fine crystals are filtered through fritted glass, washed with cold (-10o) methanol, dried at 50o under vacuum for 5hours. (The product is purer than that obtained by crystallisation at room temperature from methanol by adding large amounts of diethyl ether.) [Kolthoff et al. J Am Chem Soc 79 5102 1957, Beilstein 3 H 86, 3 II 71, 3 III 160, 3 IV 150.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 50-01-1 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 50-01:
(4*5)+(3*0)+(2*0)+(1*1)=21
21 % 10 = 1
So 50-01-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH5N3.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H5,2,3,4);1H/p+1
50-01-1Relevant articles and documents
Products of the Reductions of 2-Nitroimidazoles
Clelland, Robert A. Mc,Panicucci, Rick,Rauth, A. Michael
, p. 4308 - 4314 (1987)
Reductions under neutral conditions of misonidazole (1-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole) and 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole have been studied with radiation chemical, electrochemical, and chemical (zinc/ammonium chloride) techniques.Major products accounting for 70-80percent of the reduction mixture have been identified as the cis:trans isomers of 4 (1-substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolium ions).These have been independently synthesized by the reaction of glyoxal and the appropriate guanidinium ion.Their presence after nitroreduction has been established by 1H NMR and by spectroscopic analysis in which 4 is converted into glyoxal bis-oxime.The ability of misonidazole reduction mixtures to form glyoxal derivatives has been noted previously, even in vivo; the presence of the cyclic 4 accounts for this.The four-electron-reduced product, a 2-(hydroxylamino)imidazole, is the precursor of 4.The hydroxylamine is unstable at pH 7, but it can be observed in acid where decomposition also gives 4 but in a much slower reaction.Nitroreduction or hydroxylamine decomposition in pH 7 phosphate gives two additional products which have been identified on the basis of their 1H NMR spectra as cis:trans isomers of monophosphate esters of 4.The reaction leading to these may model the DNA binding which is observed with reduced misonidazole.Azomycin (2-nitroimidazole) has been investigated by the radiation chemical technique.At pH 7 the isomers of 4 are formed, but they are minor products.The major product (70percent) is 2-aminoimidazole.
Guanidinium Trinitromethanide
Krishnan, Ashwin M.,Sjoberg, Per,Politzer, Peter,Boyer, Joseph H.
, p. 1237 - 1242 (1989)
Guanidinium trinitromethanide monohydrate has been obtained from quanidinium chloride and either potassium trinitromethanide or iodotrinitromethane.An ab initio SCF-MO computational procedure (GAUSSIAN82) has been used to determine the optimized structures of guanidinium trinitromethanide and tricyanomethanide, the quanidinium cation, the trinitromethanide, tricyanomethanide, and cyanodinitromethanide anions.Electrostatic potentials have also been computed for the first two anions, as well as for the methanide anion.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of the Hexagonal Perovskites Variants ABX3 (B = Ni, A = Gu, FA, MA, X = Cl, Br; B = Mn, A = MA, X = Br)
Daub, Michael,Ketterer, Ines,Hillebrecht, Harald
, p. 280 - 287 (2018/02/09)
Herein we report on our systematic investigations on the solution processed synthesis and characterization of transition metal halides (guanidinium, formamidinium, and methylammonium nickel bromides and chlorides as well as methylammonium manganese bromide) with the composition ABX3 (A = organic cation; B = Mn, Ni; X = Cl, Br). The investigations were carried out with respect to possible applications of 3d transition metal compounds for the perovskite solar cell. All the compounds represent different variants of the hexagonal perovskite structure (2H). Crystal structures and symmetry relations are discussed. Additionally, (CH3NH3)2MnI4, which consists of tetrahedral coordinated Mn2+, and the water containing compounds (CH3NH3)MnBr3·2H2O, which forms chains of edge sharing octahedra, as well as (CH3NH3)NiCl3·2H2O, which consists of dimers of octahedra, are presented. Investigations on the crystal structures are supported by vibrational and optical spectroscopy.
Homogeneous humanized antibodies against JAM-A that inhibit proliferation
-
, (2012/06/01)
The present invention relates to humanized antibodies able to inhibit tumor growth, as well as the amino and nucleic acid sequences coding for such antibodies. From one aspect, the invention relates to anti-JAM-A homogeneous humanized antibodies able to inhibit tumor growth. The invention also comprises the use of such antibodies as a drug for the preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of cancers, as well as compositions comprising such antibodies in combination with other anticancer compounds. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of such humanized antibodies.
