75-88-7

Basic information

• Product Name: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
• Synonyms: (Chloromethyl)trifluoromethane;1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane; 1,1,1-Trifluorochloroethane;1,1,1-Trifluoroethyl chloride; 1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane;2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-chloroethane; 2,2,2-Trifluorochloroethane;2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl chloride; 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane; F 133a; FC 133a;Forane 133a; Freon 133a; Genetron 133a; HCFC 133a; R 133a
• CAS NO: 75-88-7
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₂ClF₃
• Molecular Weight: 118.49
• EINECS: 200-912-0
• Mol File: 75-88-7.mol
• Article Data: 43

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -105.3 °C
• Boiling Point: 7°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.389
• Vapor Pressure: 1430mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.298
• CAS DataBase Reference: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane(75-88-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane(75-88-7)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 75-88-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, also known as HCFC-133a, is a colorless, flammable gas commonly used as a refrigerant and solvent. It is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternative, with a relatively low global warming potential. Due to its low toxicity and stability, it has been used in a variety of industrial applications, including air conditioning, refrigeration, and aerosol propellants. However, it is also considered a greenhouse gas and has been phased out in many countries as part of efforts to reduce ozone depletion and global warming. Despite its potential environmental impact, 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane remains present in some older equipment and products.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H2ClF3/c3-1-2(4,5)6/h1H2

Synthetic route

Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; antimony pentafluoride at 100℃; for 1h; Temperature; Autoclave;	97%
With hydrogen fluoride; tantalum pentafluoride at 0 - 140℃; under 25858.1 Torr; for 10.5h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);	90%
With hydrogen fluoride; tantalum pentafluoride at 100 - 140℃; under 25858.1 Torr; for 6h;	80%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 80 - 90℃; Autoclave;	92.3%
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride; chlorine at 120℃;

1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With 1,1,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane; hydrogen fluoride; tantalum pentachloride at 0 - 140℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);	87.5%
With hydrogen fluoride; tantalum pentachloride at 0 - 140℃; for 2.5h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);	22%
With antimony dichloride trifluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 144℃; under 33097.9 Torr;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (75-89-8) + trifluoromethane sulfonyl chloride (421-83-0) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane (333-36-8) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulphonate (6226-25-1)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; tetra-n-propylammonium bromide In water at 10.2 - 23.3℃; for 4 - 7h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 0.2 %Chromat. B 0.13 - 0.28 %Chromat. C 82%

1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (354-58-5) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With ammonium persulfate; ammonium formate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 30 - 40℃;	77%

1,1,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane (811-95-0) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; tantalum pentachloride at 110℃; for 1.5h;	A 22% B 74%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (306-83-2) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene (359-10-4)

Conditions	Yield
With water; zinc unter Zusatz eines Netzmittels;

1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene (359-10-4) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum(III) fluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 300℃;
With hydrogen fluoride; boron trifluoride at 25℃;

Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1,2,2-trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane (354-15-4) + 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (76-13-1) + CFC-112a (76-12-0)

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt (III) fluoride at 120℃; Further byproducts given;

chloroacetic acid (79-11-8) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + bis-(2-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethyl) ether (38217-12-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur tetrafluoride at 65℃; for 3h;

Chloroiodomethane (593-71-5) + iodotrifluoromethane (2314-97-8) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
Ambient temperature; Irradiation; Hg2I2, Hg;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + trifluoromethyl hypochlorite (22082-78-6) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + Trifluormethyl-1,1-difluor-2-chloraethylaether (25957-33-9)

Conditions	Yield
In trichlorofluoromethane at -111 - 22℃; for 20h; Product distribution; various temperatures, olefins, solvents and times;	A 50 % Spectr. B 50 % Spectr.
In trichlorofluoromethane at -111 - 22℃; for 20h; Yield given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + Trifluormethyl-1,1-difluor-2-chloraethylaether (25957-33-9)

Conditions	Yield
With trifluoromethyl hypochlorite In trichlorofluoromethane at -111 - 22℃; for 20h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) → 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2) + 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 250℃; Mechanism; Product distribution; hydrofluorination, chlorine/fluorine exchange mechanism; effect of DF substitution for HF;	A 10 % Chromat. B 90 % Chromat.
With chromium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 653℃; for 18h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Temperatures; Fluorination; Addition; Substitution;
With chromium fluoride; magnesium fluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 200℃; under 7600 Torr; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Pressures;

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane (151-67-7) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene (359-10-4)

Conditions	Yield
With perchloric acid; CoW7-; sodium perchlorate In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Rate constant; Product distribution; pH 7; reaction with Co(II)sepuchrate2- at 50 deg C; electron transfer reactions of polyhaloalkanes with Co(II)W12O407- and Co(II)sepulchrate2+, order of reactivity toward Co(II)W12O407-, trapping experiments with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone;
With liver microsomes Enzyme kinetics; Enzymatic reaction;

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethyl radical (28760-99-8) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With isopropyl alcohol

3-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirine (58911-30-1) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + Chlorotrifluoroethylene (79-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
Irradiation;
Irradiation; radiation > 300 nm;

1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (354-58-5) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (306-83-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; RhCl(PPh3)3 In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 6080 Torr; for 5h; Product distribution; further catalysts and times; effect of bases;	A 3.5 % Chromat. B 94.6 % Chromat.
With hydrogen; RhCl(PPh3)3 In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 6080 Torr; for 5h;	A 3.5 % Chromat. B 94.6 % Chromat.

1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (306-83-2) + benzaldehyde (100-52-7) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene (359-10-4) + 2-chloro-3,3-difluoro-1-phenyl-2-propenol (67230-92-6) + 1-(α,α-dichloro-β,β,β-trifluoroethyl)benzylalcohol (103654-96-2, 121591-61-5, 121591-67-1) + 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-phenylpropan-3-ol (138950-21-7)

Conditions	Yield
With zinc; copper(l) chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Product distribution; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; various concentrations; without catalyst; further aldehydes;	A 24 % Spectr. B 20 % Spectr. C 37 % Spectr. D 3 % Spectr. E 12 % Spectr.

1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (306-83-2) + benzaldehyde (100-52-7) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 2-chloro-3,3-difluoro-1-phenyl-2-propenol (67230-92-6) + 1-(α,α-dichloro-β,β,β-trifluoroethyl)benzylalcohol (103654-96-2, 121591-61-5, 121591-67-1) + 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-phenylpropan-3-ol (138950-21-7)

Conditions	Yield
With zinc; copper(l) chloride 1.) DMF, 24 h; 2.) DMF; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;

tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite (370-69-4) + chloral (75-87-6) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + Phosphoric acid 2,2-dichloro-vinyl ester bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl) ester

Conditions	Yield
Heating;

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (75-89-8) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane (333-36-8)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 70℃; for 4h; Temperature;	97.4%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (75-89-8)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate In 4-butanolide at 200℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 6h;	96%
With 4-butanolide; potassium hydroxide at 200℃; under 11251.1 Torr; for 6h;	68%
With potassium acetate; ethylene glycol; acetic acid

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) → trifluoroethylamine (753-90-2)

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; ammonia at 110℃; Temperature;	94%
With ammonia; water at 190℃;
With ammonia; water at 185℃;

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + p-bromophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (68716-49-4) → 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1310949-87-1)

Conditions	Yield
With 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; magnesium chloride; nickel dibromide; zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	94%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + (3-bromophenyl)trimethylsilane (17878-47-6) → trimethyl(3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl)silane

Conditions	Yield
With 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; magnesium chloride; nickel dibromide; zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	93%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + mercury dichloride → chloro(chlorodifluorovinyl)mercury

Conditions

Yield

With BuLi In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether (N2); BuLi slowly added to stirred soln. of ligand (1 equiv.) in Et2O at-80°C; react. temp. was maintained between -55°C and -80. degree.C for 2 h; HgCl2 (1 equiv.) in THF added at -110°C; warmedto -35°C for few h; warmed to room temp.; solvent vol. reduced in vac. to half; hexane added; mixt. was allowed to settle; filtered under N2; solvent removed in vac.; washed (hexane); elem. anal.;

87%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + naphthalene-2-boronic acid (32316-92-0) → 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)naphthalene (1204295-99-7)

Conditions	Yield
With [2,2]bipyridinyl; nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; potassium phosphate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; for 30h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	87%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + potassium acetate (127-08-2) → 4,4,4-trifluorobutyric acid (406-93-9)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane; potassium acetate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 180℃; for 23h; Autoclave; Sealed tube; Stage #2: With acetic anhydride In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 35 - 40℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent;	86.5%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-Bromo-3-iodobenzene (591-18-4) → 1-bromo-2-(1-chloro-2,2-difluoro-vinyl)-benzene

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine; zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 15 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 1-Bromo-3-iodobenzene With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) at 20℃; for 18h;	85%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-Bromo-3-iodobenzene (591-18-4) → m-bromo-α-chloro-β,β-styrene + 1,4-bis-(1-chloro-2,2-difluoro-vinyl)-benzene

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane With zinc(II) chloride; lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 1-Bromo-3-iodobenzene; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 18h;	A 85% B 1%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (5720-07-0) → 1-methoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene (157928-44-4)

Conditions	Yield
With [2,2]bipyridinyl; nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; potassium phosphate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; for 30h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;	85%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + fenofibrate (49562-28-9) → isopropyl 2-methyl-2-(4-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl)phenoxy)propanoate

Conditions	Yield
With 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; magnesium chloride; nickel dibromide; zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	85%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + tributyltin chloride (1461-22-9) → tributyl(chlorodifluorovinyl)tin (214422-68-1)

Conditions	Yield
With BuLi In diethyl ether BuLi added to soln. of ligand in Et2O at -80°C; after 2 h soln. of Bu3SnCl in Et2O (dissolved at -80°C) added slowly at -110°C; warmed to room temp. overnight; hexane added; filtered; solvent removed on rotary evaporator; distd. in vac. (242°C, 0.2 mmHg); elem. anal.;	84%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + triethyltin bromide (2767-54-6) → triethyl(chlorodifluorovinyl)tin (329911-50-4)

Conditions	Yield
With BuLi In diethyl ether (N2); BuLi added to soln. of ligand in Et2O at -80°C; after 2 h soln. of Et3SnBr in Et2O (dissolved at -80°C) added slowly at -110°C; warmed to room temp. overnight; hexane added; filtered; solvent removed on rotary evaporator; distd. in vac. (182°C, 0.2 mmHg); elem. anal.;	84%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 4-tolyl iodide (624-31-7) → 4-methyl-α-chloro-β,β-difluorostyrene

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine; zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 15 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 4-tolyl iodide With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) at 20℃; for 12h;	83%
Stage #1: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane With zinc(II) chloride; lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 4-tolyl iodide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 12h;	83%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 9H-carbazole (86-74-8) → 9-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-carbazole

Conditions	Yield
With caesium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 16h; Inert atmosphere;	83%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + 1-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzene (3972-65-4) → 1-(tert-butyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzene (1099597-89-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; magnesium chloride; nickel dibromide; zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	83%

N-TBS-4-bromoindole (193694-04-1) + 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) → 1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole

Conditions	Yield
With 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; magnesium chloride; nickel dibromide; zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	83%

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) + N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)pyridinium bromide (17282-40-5) → 2-fluoro-indolizine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 24h;	82%

Upstream product

• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 1649-08-7 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 471-43-2 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 
• 630-20-6 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane 
• 359-28-4 1,1,2-trichloro-2-fluoroethane 
• 306-83-2 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane 
• 359-10-4 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene 
• 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene 
• 79-34-5 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 
• 79-11-8 chloroacetic acid 
• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 22082-78-6 trifluoromethyl hypochlorite 
• 108-67-8 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene 
• 370-69-4 tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite 

Downstream Products

• 354-58-5 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 75-46-7 trifluoromethan 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 407-59-0 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane 
• 384-54-3 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-dichlorobutane 
• 75-89-8 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 753-90-2 trifluoroethylamine 
• 306-83-2 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane 
• 151-67-7 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane 
• 162462-08-0 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane 
• 76-05-1 trifluoroacetic acid 
• 351-61-1 N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-aniline 
• 406-95-1 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate 
• 811-97-2 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

Relevant articles and documents

Catalytic fluorination of trichloroethene by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of fluorinated chromia under static conditions. Synthesis of [18F]-labelled CF3CH2F and [36Cl]-labelled CF3CH2Cl. Catalytic dehydrofluorination of CF3CH2F and CF3CH2Cl

Catalytic fluorination of trichloroethene by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at 653K in the presence of fluorinated amorphous chromia under static conditions leads to a mixture of products in which partially halogenated olefins predominate. These are converted to mixtures containing CF3CH2F and CF3CH2Cl by a second fluorination using fresh catalyst. The results of product analyses from reactions carried out under various conditions have been used to design a synthesis of [18F]-CF3CH2F from CCl2CHCl. It is proposed that [18F] labelling occurs via direct [18F]- for [19F] exchange rather than by a dehydrofluorination/hydrofluorination route. [36Cl]-labelled CF3CH2Cl is readily prepared from CF3CH2F and H36Cl in the presence of chromia catalysts. Enthalpies of dehydrofluorination of CF3CH2F and CF3CH2Cl in the vapour phase have been computed.Non-SI units employed: ?=10-10m; a.u.≈4.36×10-18 J≈6.27089×102kcalmol-1.1

Synthesis method and application of bis(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ether

The invention provides a synthesis method of bis(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ether, which comprises the following steps: preparing 1, 1, 1-trifluorodichloroethane, metering and adding 500-550 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 0.9-1.1 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide and 100 parts by weight of trifluoroethanol into a pressure reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, introducing 110-130 parts by weight of 1, 1, 1-trifluorodichloroethane, stirring and heating to at least 70-80 DEG C, reacting for 2-4 hours, controlling the temperature of the system to be 70-90 DEG C, adding a polar solvent into the system, uniformly stirring, filtering a potassium chloride solid precipitate to obtain a filtrate, rectifying the filtrate to obtain a product with the purity of 99.98% or above, and providing application of the product as a lithium battery electrolyte solution in the field of lithium batteries. The process has the advantages that raw materials are easy to obtain, supply limitation isavoided, equipment requirements are simple, special material requirements are avoided, the process is simple, production requirements are completely met, clean production is achieved, the equipment cost is reduced, the competitive capacity of company products is improved, and economic benefits are improved.

Nature's hydrides: rapid reduction of halocarbons by folate model compounds

Halocarbons R-X are reduced to hydrocarbons R-H by folate model compounds under biomimetic conditions. The reactions correspond to a halide-hydride exchange with the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) models acting as hydride donors. The MTHF models are also functional equivalents of dehalohydrogenases but, unlike these enzymes, do not require a metal cofactor. The reactions suggest that halocarbons have the potential to act as endocrinological disruptors of biochemical pathways involving MTHF. As a case in point, we observe the rapid reaction of the MTHF models with the inhalation anaesthetic halothane. The ready synthetic accessibility of the MTHF models as well as their dehalogenation activity in the presence of air and moisture allow for the remediation of toxic, halogenated hydrocarbons.

Insight into "entrainment" in SRN1 reactions of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane(HCFC-123) with thiolates initiated by Na2S2O4

An interesting entrainment process in SRN1 reactions of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) with thiolates were studied by experiments and DFT calculations. The radical-anion intermediate, generated from coupling of the fluorinated ra