132-16-1Relevant articles and documents
Controlled microwave-assisted synthesis of metallophthalocyanines
Seyyedhamzeh, Mozhdeh,Ganji, Nasim,Shaabani, Ahmad
, p. 1110 - 1113 (2012)
A controlled microwave-assisted strategy has been elaborated for the fast and efficient synthesis of metallophthalocyanines scaffold. Compared to the conventional protocol, reproducibility of products was achieved, accompanied by significantly high purity and excellent yields
Iron phthalocyanine as new efficient catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of simple aldehydes and ketones
Bata, Pter,Notheisz, Ferenc,Kluson, Peter,Zsigmond, gnes
, p. 45 - 49 (2015)
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of various aldehydes and ketones was studied using iron phthalocyanine catalyst, in order to substitute the typically used rare transition metals (Ir, Rh, Ru) with an easily available and less expensive metal. Iron phthalocyanine was found to be an efficient hydrogenation catalyst and its immobilized version was successfully prepared. The immobilized iron phthalocyanine was also active in the CTH reaction of various carbonyl compounds, and it was easy to handle and possible to recycle.
SYNTHESIS OF METALLOPHTHALOCYANINES FROM PHTALONITRILE WITH STRONG ORGANIC BASES
Tomoda, Haruhiko,Saito, Shojiro,Shiraishi, Shinsaku
, p. 313 - 316 (1983)
Several metallophthalocyanines (MPc: M=Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Fe(II), Sn(II), Cd(II), Mg(II), and Mn(III)) were obtained by heating phthalonitrile with metal salts in alcohols in the presence of 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene.Metal acetylacet
One-step photocatalytic benzene hydroxylation over iron (II) phthalocyanine: A new application for an old catalyst
Asghari, Saeid,Farahmand, Shohreh,Razavizadeh, Jalal. S.,Ghiaci, Mehran
, (2020)
In the present study, iron (II) phthalocyanine was introduced as an effective and recyclable photocatalyst for direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol as a model reaction under photocatalytic conditions at ambient temperature. The effect of different parameters such as solvent, concentration of the oxidant, irradiation time, and amount of the catalyst was investigated. Acetonitrile was selected as the optimum solvent, where hydrogen peroxide plays the role of the oxidant which is considered as an eco-friendly process. The results not only showed a 15.2 % yield of phenol at a selectivity of higher than 99 % under optimized condition but also exhibited a highly stable and reusable behavior. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Density-Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB+) calculation was used to study the catalyst transition energy on the Materials Studio software.
Synthesis, thermal stability and structural characterisation of iron(II) phthalocyanine complex with 4-cyanopyridine
Janczak, Jan,Kubiak, Ryszard
, p. 2997 - 3002 (2007)
A new complex of bis-axially coordinated iron(II) phthalocyanine by 4-cyanopyridine (4-CNpy) has been obtained in crystalline form as an adduct with two 4-CNpy molecules. The [FePc(4-CNpy)2] · 2(4-CNpy) crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with two molecules in the unit cell. The iron(II) coordinates four isoindole nitrogen atoms of the almost planar phthalocyaninato(2-) macroring and axially two nitrogen atoms of 4-CNpy molecules. The coordination polyhedron around the Fe(II) atom approximates to a tetragonal by-pyramid. Four equatorial Fe-N bonds are shorter (1.936(2) A?) than two axial Fe-N bonds (2.027(2) A?). The centrosymmetric FePc(4-CNpy)2 molecules form alternating sheets parallel to the bc crystallographic plane and solvated 4-CNpy molecules that are anti-parallel oriented by their polar cyano groups are located between the sheets of FePc(4-CNpy)2 molecules. Ligation of the intermediate-spin iron(II) phthalocyanine by 4-CNpy molecules leads to the low spin Fe(II) complex. The importance of the d(π) → π*(Pc) back donation is manifested in the difference between the values of C-N isoindole and C-N azamethine bond lengths of the Pc macrocycle. The thermal analysis of the crystals of [FePc(4-CN)2] · 2(4-CNpy) shows two steps responsible for a loss of solvated (～170 °C) and coordinated (～235 °C) 4-CNpy molecules.
Bio-inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite and its use in the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction at room temperature in alkaline media on a glassy carbon electrode
Seyyedi, Behnam,Ahmadi Variani, Bahar,Habibi, Esmaeil
, p. 515 - 521 (2019)
This work demonstrates the performance of a bio-inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite as a non-platinum electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst shows the most positive ORR onset potential (1.1 V vs. RHE) according to its unique structure in the alkaline medium (KOH solution, pH = 13) at low temperature (T = 298 K). The catalyst is evaluated by the rotating-disk electrode (RDE) method under various rotating speeds (0–2,000 rpm) in the potential range ?0.02–1.18 V vs. a rechargeable hydrogen electrode (RHE). The number of transferred electrons, as one of the most important parameters, is almost constant over a wide range of potentials (0.1–0.8 V), which indicates a more efficient four-electron pathway from O2 to H2O on the FePc-S-Gr surface. The mean size of catalyst centers are in the nanoscale (1/2 of FePc-S-Gr displays a negative shift of only 7.1 mV after 10,000 cycles.
CARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF PHTHALOCYANINATOIRON(II), ESPECIALLY THOSE CONTAINING GROUP VI AXIAL DONOR ATOMS. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CARBONYL(N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE)PHTHALOCYANINATOIRON(II) AND MOESSBAUER STUDIES OF SOME OF THE PRODUCTS
Calderazzo, Fausto,Pampaloni, Guido,Vitali, Dario,Pelizzi, Giancarlo,Collamati, Ines,et al.
, p. 217 - 242 (1980)
The carbonyl adduct of phthalocyaninatoiron(II), FePc, with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as axial ligand, FePc(CO)DMF, was prepared by the reaction of iron carbonyls, Fe(CO)5 or Fe2(CO)9, with o-phthalonitrile in DMF as solvent.Several carbonyl adducts of FePc of general formula FePc(CO)L are reported, with L being a ligand with oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen donor atoms (L = tetrahydrofuran, H2O, CH3OH, dimethylsulphoxide, tetrahydrothiophene, ammonia, n-propylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine).The crystal and molecular structure of FePc(CO)DMF*DMF was investigated byX-ray diffraction methods.The compound has a monoclinic unit cell and space group P21/n, a 9.86(1), b 17.35(3), c 19.79(4) Angstroem, β 87.9(2) deg, Z = 4, U 3383 Angstroem3, Dc 1.458 g cm-3.The iron atom is hexacoordinated to the four inner nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle, to carbon monoxide (Fe-C distance 1.72(2) Angstroem) and to DMF (Fe-O distance 2.07(1) Angstroem).The extra DMF occupies lattice sites.All of the compounds reported in this paper are substantially diamagnetic.Moessbauer spectra show typical isomer shift parameters for the bis-adducts and for the carbonyl adducts, substantially independent of the nature of the axial ligand.The quadrupole splitting parameter of the carbonyl adducts is strongly affected by the nature of the axial ligand.
Reactions of ferrocene with phthalonitrile on the surface of oxide powders
Suvorova,Verle,Bazyakina,Kutyreva,Makarov,Shchupak
, p. 649 - 653 (2006)
The reaction of ferrocene with phthalonitrile at 200°C in a vacuum in the absence of solvents forms crystals of the monoclinic phthalocyanine β phase and ferrocene polymerization products. The use of oxide powders (SiO 2, V2O5) as a surface for the reaction of ferrocene with phthalonitrile makes it possible to obtain iron phthalocyanines. The samples of pure compounds and deposited phthalocyanine complexes were analyzed by electronic absorption and IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
Systematic study of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and their evaluation by DFT
Zhang, Zhengping,Yang, Shaoxuan,Dou, Meiling,Liu, Haijing,Gu, Lin,Wang, Feng
, p. 67049 - 67056 (2016)
In this work, a facile approach is reported to prepare a series of transition-metal phthalocyanines (TMPc) supported on graphitized carbon black (TMPc/GCB, TM: Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts, via π-π interaction self-assembly. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy, it was found that TMPc was coated on graphitized carbon black with non-aggregated morphology. The catalytic activity, both in terms of the onset potential (0.98 V to 0.76 V) and half-wave potential (0.90 V to 0.55 V) follows the trend of FePc/GCB > CoPc/GCB > CuPc/GCB > NiPc/GCB. However, the catalytic durability follows the decreasing order of NiPc/GCB > CoPc/GCB > FePc/GCB > CuPc/GCB. To better elucidate the ORR catalytic mechanism for TMPc/GCB, we employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations and drew the following conclusions: (i) the -O2 adsorption is the major step to determine the ORR catalytic activity; (ii) the way O2 is adsorbed on TMPc is the key point affecting the Tafel slope; (iii) the -H2O2 desorption determines the transfer electron number; and (iv) the -OH desorption and the central metal atom removal leads to the damage affecting catalytic durability.
Improved performance of organic light-emitting diodes using a metal-phthalocyanine hole-injection layer
Kao, Po-Ching,Chu, Sheng-Yuan,Liu, Shyh-Jiun,You, Zong-Xian,Chuang, Chan-An
, p. H122-H126 (2006)
In this paper, we systematically investigated the physical characteristics of the various metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) and the influence of the MPcs hole-injection layer on the electroluminescence performance of indium tin oxide/MPc/naphthylphenylbiphenyl diamine (NPB)/ Al q3 LiFAl devices. The characteristics were measured at room temperature with a thickness variation of the MPc layer. The individual highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energies of MPcs were derived from the photoelectron emission and the optical absorption measurements. The results showed that the HOMO and LUMO level energies of MPcs are dependent on their central metal atoms. The turn-on voltage for the devices is lowered by inserting MPc layers and remains virtually the same as the MPc layer thickness is adjusted in the range of 5-15 nm. In addition, the turn-on voltage decreases significantly with the increase of the HOMO levels of the MPc films, demonstrating that the MPc/NPB interface instead of the ITO/MPc interface plays an important role in the hole injection.
