67-48-1Relevant articles and documents
Design and production of environmentally degradable quaternary ammonium salts
Jia, Hengmin,Kong, Hongtao,Ma, Xiuxia,Miao, Hui,Mu, Yan,Zhang, Guoqing,Zhang, Xiaolong,Zhang, Xuepeng
supporting information, p. 6548 - 6554 (2021/09/10)
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of cationic surfactants routinely used for the disinfection of industries, institutions and households, and have seen a sharp increase in use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current commercial QACs consist of only stable chemical bonds such as C-N, C-C, and C-H, which makes their natural degradation rather difficult. Recent studies suggest that emerging negative environmental impacts, such as systemic antibiotics resistance and toxicity to living organisms, are directly associated with prolonged exposure to QACs. Here we report a new class of QAC which contains relatively volatile chemical functional groups such as ester and thioether bonds. Degradation kinetics in aqueous solutions suggests that the stability of these QACs depends not only on their intrinsic hydrophobicity but also on external environmental factors such as pH, temperature and ion presence. The microbicidal effects of QACs containing carbon chains with various lengths were also tested, one of which, named Ephemora , is highly active against a broad spectrum of microbes including fungi, bacteria and viruses, for instance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The easy synthesis and purification of Ephemora starting from inexpensive commercially available reagents, together with its excellent antimicrobial activity and ability to degrade in natural waters over time, make its large-scale commercial production possible.
Cleaner enzymatic production of biodiesel with easy separation procedures triggered by a biocompatible hydrophilic ionic liquid
Chen, Qianhan,Cheng, Shuang,Fan, Dongshuang,Feng, Wanlu,Guo, Yuanyang,Li, Lingjun,Li, Zhiyong,Wang, Jianji,Zhu, Anlian
, p. 1944 - 1951 (2020/04/09)
The great challenges of modern industry and the environment make it important to develop sustainable energy resources with low cost. In this work, a cleaner enzymatic procedure for biodiesel production was developed through the utilization of a biocompatible and hydrophilic ionic liquid [Choline][H2PO4]. This ionic liquid can be synthesized from cheap raw materials through simple neutralization procedures, and it has been proved to be well biocompatible. The utilization of this ionic liquid in Novozym 435 catalyzed biodiesel production makes the reaction and work-up procedures very simple, because its hydrophilicity can lead to the implementation of a pseudo homogeneous reaction and then heterogeneous separation. Various oil resources such as triolein, sunflower oil and castor oil can all be converted to biodiesels with high yields. After the completion of reaction, both the ionic liquid and Novozym 435 can be recycled and reutilized for at least five cycles without a significant activity decrease. In addition, this reaction system can be conveniently scaled up to the multi-gram level with high efficiency and feasible separation. Overall, the above mentioned benefits make this ionic liquid based enzymatic system cleaner for the production of biodiesel and promising for further industrial applications.
Enzyme-responsive sulfatocyclodextrin/prodrug supramolecular assembly for controlled release of anti-cancer drug chlorambucil
Guan, Xinran,Chen, Yong,Wu, Xuan,Li, Peiyu,Liu, Yu
supporting information, p. 953 - 956 (2019/01/24)
Supramolecular drug delivery systems are becoming an increasingly important part in controlled drug release. In this work, we report a novel enzyme-responsive supramolecular assembly directly constructed using biocompatible sulfato-β-cyclodextrin (SCD) and an anti-cancer prodrug, i.e. choline modified anti-cancer drug chlorambucil (QA-Cbl). The supramolecular assembly acts as an effective drug delivery system via the controlled drug loading and enzyme-responsive drug release, because the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can cleave the ester bond of QA-Cbl prodrug, resulting in the release of anti-cancer drug chlorambucil (Cbl). Compared to other sophisticated drug delivery systems, the present system provides a feasible and functional approach for achievement of controlled drug release.
Highly luminescent and multi-sensing aggregates co-assembled from Eu-containing polyoxometalate and an enzyme-responsive surfactant in water
Lei, Nana,Shen, Dazhong,Chen, Xiao
, p. 399 - 407 (2019/01/24)
Hybrid co-assembly of polyoxometalates (POMs) with cationic organic matrices offers a preferable way to greatly enhance POM functionality as well as processability. Thus, multi-stimulus responsive supramolecular materials based on lanthanide-containing POMs with improved luminescence may be fabricated from appropriate components through this convenient strategy. Herein, we reported that the co-assembly of Na9(EuW10O36)·32H2O (EuW10) and a commercially available cationic surfactant, myristoylcholine chloride (Myr), in water could produce enhanced red-emitting luminescent aggregates, with their photophysical properties highly dependent on the molar ratio (R) between Myr and EuW10. The R of 36 was finally selected owing to the displayed superior luminescence intensity and good aggregate stability. The Myr/EuW10 hybrids induced by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces presented practically as multilamellar spheres with diameters varying from 80 to 300 nm. Compared to an aqueous solution of EuW10 nanoclusters, a 12-fold increase in absolute luminescence quantum yield (～23.3%) was observed for the hybrid spheres, which was ascribed to the efficient shielding of water molecules. An unusual aggregation arrangement mechanism and the excellent photophysical properties of these aggregates were thoroughly investigated. Both the enzyme substrate character of Myr and the sensitive coordination structure of EuW10 to the surrounding environment made Myr/EuW10 aggregates exhibit multi-stimulus responsiveness to enzymes, pH, and transition metal ions, thus providing potential applications in fluorescence sensing, targeted-release, and optoelectronics.
IONIC LIQUID AND METHOD FOR DISSOLVING CELLULOSE USING THE SAME
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Paragraph 0019; 0029; 0030, (2018/04/26)
The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]+[NH2(CH2)3CH(NH2)COO]?. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.
POLYMER AND CONTRAST AGENT FOR PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING INCLUDING THE POLYMER
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Page/Page column 36, (2016/05/24)
To provide a polymer having a high ratio of the amount thereof present in a tumor to the amount thereof present in blood (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as a tumor/blood ratio). The polymer has phosphorylcholine (derivative) as a side chain and has a dye (near-infrared dye) having absorption in the near-infrared wavelength region bound to the polymer.
Catalytic coupling of epoxides and CO2 to cyclic carbonates by carbon nanotube-supported quaternary ammonium salts
Baj, Stefan,Krawczyk, Tomasz,Jasiak, Katarzyna,Siewniak, Agnieszka,Pawlyta, Miros?awa
, p. 96 - 102 (2015/12/01)
Quaternary ammonium chlorides bound to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a catalyst for coupling of CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates were explored. Reaction variables such as the epoxide structure, the length of alkyl substituents in the quaternary ammonium salts and the spacer chain on the catalytic performance were discussed. The yield of the cyclic carbonates varied between 7 and 89% after 6 h at 110 °C under low pressure (2 MPa of CO2). The epoxide:catalyst mass ratio was 20-30, while 1 mmol g-1 of the quaternary salt was grafted on the carbon nanotubes. A synergy between carboxyl moiety and ammonium moiety grafted on carbon nanotubes was found, and a strong impact of the length of the spacer group used for grafting of the quaternary ammonium salt on nanotubes was observed. The best performance was achieved with short (2 carbon atoms) and long (10 atoms) spacer groups, while a middle-sized spacer group (6 atoms) was not suitable. The length of the alkyl chain of the substituents of the ammonium salt (head group) had a low impact where ethyl and methyl groups performed better than butyl. The reactivity of epoxides was as follows: epichlorohydrin > propylene oxide > styrene oxide. Observations were rationalized by a mechanism where Br?nsted's sites on the surface of nanotubes play an important role during carboxylation of epoxides. The catalyst can easily be separated by filtration recycled without a significant decrease in the catalytic activity if dried properly between the runs.
A label-free silicon quantum dots-based photoluminescence sensor for ultrasensitive detection of pesticides
Yi, Yinhui,Zhu, Gangbing,Liu, Chang,Huang, Yan,Zhang, Youyu,Li, Haitao,Zhao, Jiangna,Yao, Shouzhuo
, p. 11464 - 11470 (2014/01/06)
Sensitive, rapid, and simple detection methods for the screening of extensively used organophosphorus pesticides and highly toxic nerve agents are in urgent demand. A novel label-free silicon quantum dots (SiQDs)-based sensor was designed for ultrasensitive detection of pesticides. This sensing strategy involves the reaction of acetylcholine chloride (ACh) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to form choline that is in turn catalytically oxidized by choline oxidase (ChOx) to produce betaine and H2O2 which can quench the photoluminescence (PL) of SiQDs. Upon the addition of pesticides, the activity of AChE is inhibited, leading to the decrease of the generated H 2O2, and hence the PL of SiQDs increases. By measuring the increase in SiQDs PL, the inhibition efficiency of pesticide to AChE activity was evaluated. It was found that the inhibition efficiency was linearly dependent on the logarithm of the pesticides concentration. Consequently, pesticides, such as carbaryl, parathion, diazinon, and phorate, were determined with the SiQDs PL sensing method. The lowest detectable concentrations for carbaryl, parathion, diazinon, and phorate reached 7.25 × 10-9, 3.25 × 10-8, 6.76 × 10-8, and 1.9 × 10-7 g/L, respectively, which were much lower than those previously reported. The detecting results of pesticide residues in food samples via this method agree well with those from high-performance liquid chromatography. The simple strategy reported here should be suitable for on-site pesticides detection, especially in combination with other portable platforms.
A novel approach for synthesis of 3-amino-5-aryl-2,5-dihydropyridazines using onium salt as soluble support
Gao, Meng,Lu, Cui Fen,Yang, Gui Chun,Chen, Zu Xing
experimental part, p. 823 - 826 (2012/01/05)
In this work it was presented an application of task specific onium salt as soluble support for the synthesis of 3-amino-5-aryl-2,5-dihydropyridazines. This soluble support is of wide applicability and combines advantages of solid phase synthesis without its limitations with those of solution phase chemistry. After a simple washing step, products were cleaved from the supports and obtained in good yields.
Task specific onium salt as soluble support in multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryl-2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-naphthopyrans
Lu, Cuifen,Zhang, Li,Yang, Guichun,Chen, Zuxing
experimental part, p. 2469 - 2473 (2011/10/02)
In this paper was presented an application of task specific onium salt as soluble support in multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl- naphthopyrans. The starting task-specific onium salt was functionalized in good yield with chloroethyl alcohol, followed by three steps containing esterification, three components reaction and cleavage from onium salt to afford naphthopyrans in 60% -88% overall yields. All of the products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS techniques. In this paper was presented an application of task specific onium salt as soluble support in multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-naphthopyrans. The starting task-specific onium salt was functionalized in good yield with chloroethyl alcohol, followed by three steps containing esterification, three components reaction and cleavage from onium salt to afford naphthopyrans in 60%-88% overall yields. All of the products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS techniques.
