Welcome to LookChem.com Sign In|Join Free

CAS

  • or

105-57-7

Post Buying Request

105-57-7 Suppliers

Recommended suppliersmore

  • Product
  • FOB Price
  • Min.Order
  • Supply Ability
  • Supplier
  • Contact Supplier

105-57-7 Usage

Synthesis

Different sources of media describe the Synthesis of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It can be synthesised by the following steps:A mixture of ketone 236 (50 g, 0.19 mol), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3- propanediol (22.08 g, 0.21 mol) and PPTS (4.85 g, 0.019 mol) was ?refluxed in benzene in a round bottom flask fitted with Dean-Stark ?apparatus for 7 hours to remove water. The reaction mixture was washed with aq. NaHCO3 solution, and then thoroughly with water, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and filtered. ?Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure followed by crystallization from EtOAc ?furnished a colourless solid (67.27 g, 95%).
2. Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal can be obtained by the reaction between ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in the presence of anhydrous calcium chloride.

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Acetal (full name: Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal/1,1-Diethoxyethane) is a major flavoring component of distilled beverages, especially malt whisky and sherry. Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal is used as a flavoring agent to provide fruit, nut, rum, and whiskey flavors. It can react with diketene to form ethyl 5-ethoxy-3-oxohexanoate in the presence of titanium chloride. It can also be used to synthesize mixed acetal glycosides via transacetalation.
2. Acetal is a clear, colourless, and extremely flammable liquid with an agreeable odour. The vapour is susceptible to cause flash fire. Acetal is sensitive to light and, on storage, may form peroxides. In fact, it has been reported to be susceptible to autoxidation and should, therefore, be classified as peroxidisable. Acetal is incompatible with strong oxidising agents and acids.

As a flavor ingredient

Identification: ▼▲ CAS.No.:? 105-57-7? FL.No.:? 6.001 FEMA.No.:? 2002 NAS.No.:? 2002 CoE.No.:? 35 EINECS.No.:? 203-310-6? JECFA.No.:? 941

Preparation

Different sources of media describe the Preparation of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. To a pressure bottle containing 20 gm (0.18 mole) of anhydrous calcium chloride is added 105 gm of 95% (2.17 moles) ethanol and the mixture cooled to 8°C. Then 50 gm (1.14 moles) of cold acetaldehyde is slowly poured down the wall of the bottle. The bottle is closed and shaken vigorously for 5-10 min, with cooling if necessary. The mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature with intermittent shaking for 24 hr. The upper layer, which has separated, weighs 128-129 gm. It is washed three times with 30-40 ml of water. The organic layer is dried over 3 gm of anhydrous potassium carbonate and distilled through a 1 ft column, to afford 70-72 gm (59-60%), b.p. 101-103.5°C. The low-boiling fractions are washed again with water, dried and again fractionally distilled to give another 9.0-9.5 gm (7.9-8.1%), b.p. 101-103.5°C. Therefore, the total yield amounts to 79-81.5 gm (67-69%).
2. From.ethyl.alcohol.and.acetaldehyde.in.the.presence.of.anhydrous.calcium.chloride.or.small.amounts.of.mineral. acids.(HCl).

References

Maarse, H. (1991). Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages. CRC Press. p. 553. ISBN 0-8247-8390-5. Zea, Luis; Serratosa, María P.; Mérida, Julieta; Moyano, Lourdes (2015). "Acetaldehyde as Key Compound for the Authenticity of Sherry Wines: A Study Covering 5 Decades". Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 14 (6): 681–693.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Acetal is a clear, colorless, and extremely fl ammable liquid with an agreeable odor. The vapor may cause fl ash fi re. Acetal is sensitive to light and on storage may form peroxides. In fact, it has been reported to be susceptible to autoxidation and should, therefore, be classifi ed as peroxidizable. Acetal is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and acids.
2. Acetal, an aldehyde, is a clear, volatile liquid with an agreeable odor
3. Acetal.has.a.refreshing,.pleasant,.fruity-green.odor

Occurrence

Present.in.some.liquors.(e.g.,.sake,.whiskey.and.cognac);.also.detected.and.quantitatively.assessed.in.rums.. Found.in.apple.juice,.orange.juice,.orange.peel.oil,.bitter.orange.juice,.strawberry.fruit,.raw.radish,.Chinese.quince.fruit,.Chinese. quince.flesh,.udo.(Aralia cordata Thunb.)

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal is used as a flavoring agent to provide fruit, nut, rum, and whiskey flavors.
2. Solvent; in synthetic perfumes such as jasmine; in organic syntheses.

Definition

A type of organic compound formed by addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde. Addition of one alcohol molecule gives a hemiacetal. Further addition yields the full acetal. Similar reactions occur with ketones to produce hemiketals and ketals.

Aroma threshold values

Detection:.4.to.42.ppb

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Boiling point 103-104°C. Flash point -5°F. Density 0.831 g / cm3. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Moderately toxic and narcotc in high concentrations.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Forms heat-sensitive explosive peroxides on contact with air. Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Acetal can react vigorously with oxidizing agents. Stable in base but readily decomposed by dilute acids. Forms heat-sensitive explosive peroxides on contact with air. Old samples have been known to explode when heated due to peroxide formation [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 5].

Health Hazard

Different sources of media describe the Health Hazard of 105-57-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. May irritate the upper respiratory tract. High concentrations act as a central nervous system depressant. Symptoms of exposure include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, and nausea.
2. Mild irritant to skin and eyes; acute toxicityof low order; narcotic at high concentrations;4-hour exposure to 4000 ppm lethal to mice;the oral LD50 value for mice is 3500 mg/kg.
3. Exposures to acetal cause irritation to the eyes, skin, gastrointestinal tract, nausea, vomit- ing, and diarrhea. In high concentrations, acetal produces narcotic effects in workers.

Fire Hazard

Highly flammable; flash point (closed cup) -21°C (-6°F); vapor density 4.1 (air = 1), vapor heavier than air and can travel some distance to a source of ignition and flash back; autoignition temperature 230°C (446°F); vapor forms explosive mixtures with air, LEL and UEL values are 1.6% and 10.4% by volume in air, respectively (DOT Label: Flammable Liquid, UN 1088). .

Flammability and Explosibility

Flammable

Industrial uses

Acetal homopolymer resins have high tensilestrength, stiffness, resilience, fatigue endurance,and moderate toughness under repeatedimpact. Some tough grades can deliver up to 7times greater toughness than unmodified acetalin Izod impact tests and up to 30 times greatertoughness as measured by Gardner impact tests. Automotive applications of acetal homopolymerresins include fuel-system and seat-beltcomponents, steering columns, window-supportbrackets, and handles. Typical plumbingapplications that have replaced brass or zinccomponents are showerheads, ball cocks, faucetcartridges, and various fittings. Consumer itemsinclude quality toys, garden sprayers, stereocassette parts, butane lighter bodies, zippers,and telephone components. Industrial applicationsof acetal homopolymer include couplings,pump impellers, conveyor plates, gears, sprockets,and springs.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes.A skin and eye irritant. A narcotic. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Forms heat-sensitive explosive peroxides on contact with air. when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also ETHERS and ALDEHYDES.

Potential Exposure

Used as a solvent; in synthetic perfumes, such as jasmine, cosmetics, flavors; in organic synthesis.

Metabolism

When acetal was fed at a level of 5% in the diet for 6 days, availability of energy was 64% in chicks and 29% in rats (Yoshida et al. 1970 & 1971). Acetal is rapidly hydrolysed in the stomach(Knoefel, 1934). The resulting acetaldehyde is readily oxidized to acetic acid and eventually to carbon dioxide and water(Williams, 1959).

Shipping

UN1088 Acetal, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. UN1988 Aldehydes, flammable, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required

Purification Methods

Dry acetal over Na to remove alcohols and H2O, and to polymerise aldehydes, then fractionally distil. Or, treat it with alkaline H2O2 at 40-45o to remove aldehydes, then saturate with NaCl, separate, dry with K2CO3 and distil it from Na [Vogel J Chem Soc 616 1948]. [Beilstein 1 IV 3103.]

Incompatibilities

Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Presumed to form explosive peroxides on contact with air and light. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 105-57-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,0 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 105-57:
(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*5)+(2*5)+(1*7)=37
37 % 10 = 7
So 105-57-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

105-57-7 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (A902)  Acetaldehydediethylacetal  99%

  • 105-57-7

  • A902-5ML

  • 219.96CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (A902)  Acetaldehydediethylacetal  99%

  • 105-57-7

  • A902-100ML

  • 279.63CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (A902)  Acetaldehydediethylacetal  99%

  • 105-57-7

  • A902-500ML

  • 1,134.90CNY

  • Detail

105-57-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Acetal

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Decanal diethyl acetal

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:105-57-7 SDS

105-57-7Synthetic route

ethyl vinyl ether
109-92-2

ethyl vinyl ether

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With iron sulfide; hydrogen sulfide at 250℃; vapor phase;90%
With KSF clay for 0.0833333h; Irradiation; microwave irradiation;
vinyl β-acetylacrylate
79865-08-0

vinyl β-acetylacrylate

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid
4743-82-2

4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; mercury(II) diacetate In ethanol at 70℃; for 1h;A 84%
B 0.95 g
2-ethoxypropionamide
22543-22-2

2-ethoxypropionamide

ethyl vinyl ether
109-92-2

ethyl vinyl ether

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

C

2-Ethoxy-N-[1-(2-ethoxy-propionylamino)-ethyl]-propionamide
114659-85-7

2-Ethoxy-N-[1-(2-ethoxy-propionylamino)-ethyl]-propionamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; hydroquinone at 82℃; for 0.25h;A n/a
B n/a
C 83%
ethene
74-85-1

ethene

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

diphenyl acetylene
501-65-5

diphenyl acetylene

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone
79379-59-2

5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone

C

pentan-3-one
96-22-0

pentan-3-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; dodecacarbonyltetrarhodium(0) at 180℃; under 36775.4 Torr; for 6h;A 25.5%
B 73%
C 41.7%
acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

orthoformic acid triethyl ester
122-51-0

orthoformic acid triethyl ester

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tropylium tetrafluoroborate In acetonitrile at 90℃; Flow reactor; Green chemistry;72%
at 25℃;
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid
oct-1-ene
111-66-0

oct-1-ene

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

3-octanone
106-68-3

3-octanone

C

octan-4-one
589-63-9

octan-4-one

D

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

E

ethyl acetate
141-78-6

ethyl acetate

F

hexyl-methyl-ketone
111-13-7

hexyl-methyl-ketone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; oxygen; lithium chloride; copper dichloride; palladium dichloride at 60℃; for 24h; Product distribution; various catalysts (Pd(II)(NH3)x/Cu(II)/Li(I)/Cl(1-) and Pd(II) (or Pd(0))/Zeolites/Cu(II)/Li(I)/Cl(1-) systems);A n/a
B n/a
C n/a
D n/a
E n/a
F 70%
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
6974-29-4

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide

ethyl vinyl ether
109-92-2

ethyl vinyl ether

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

N,N′-[ethane-1,1-diylbis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl)]bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide)
1415392-92-5

N,N′-[ethane-1,1-diylbis(oxyethane-2,1-diyl)]bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide)

C

N-[2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
1415392-86-7

N-[2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether for 3 - 11h; Reflux;A n/a
B n/a
C 51%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

ethoxydimethyl(vinyloxy)silane
64487-39-4

ethoxydimethyl(vinyloxy)silane

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride34%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

diphenyl acetylene
501-65-5

diphenyl acetylene

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

2-phenyl-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-indanone
79379-67-2

2-phenyl-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-indanone

C

5-Ethoxy-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone
79379-66-1

5-Ethoxy-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone

D

5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone
79379-59-2

5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-2(5H)-furanone

E

pentan-3-one
96-22-0

pentan-3-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
dodecacarbonyltetrarhodium(0) at 125℃; under 36775.4 Torr; for 6h; Product distribution; the influence of reaction temperature on product yield/distribution;A 0.5%
B 11%
C 4%
D 31%
E 0.2%
pyridine
110-86-1

pyridine

1-chloroethyl ethyl ether
7081-78-9

1-chloroethyl ethyl ether

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

vinyl acetate
108-05-4

vinyl acetate

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trifluoride - methanol (1/1); mercury(II) oxide
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; mercury(II) oxide
With boron trifluoride - methanol (1/1); mercury(II) oxide
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; mercury(II) oxide
-butyl vinyl ether
111-34-2

-butyl vinyl ether

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

butane, 1-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-
57006-87-8

butane, 1-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-

C

dibutyl acetal
871-22-7

dibutyl acetal

D

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 100 - 120℃;
ethyl hypochlorite
624-85-1

ethyl hypochlorite

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

C

paracetaldehyde
123-63-7

paracetaldehyde

(1-ethoxy-ethyl)-(2-ethoxy-ethyl)-sulfide
639815-36-4

(1-ethoxy-ethyl)-(2-ethoxy-ethyl)-sulfide

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

1,1-bis-(2-ethoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethane

1,1-bis-(2-ethoxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,4-dioxane; hydrogenchloride
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

1-chloroethyl ethyl ether
7081-78-9

1-chloroethyl ethyl ether

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

bis-1-chloroethyl ether
6986-48-7

bis-1-chloroethyl ether

sodium ethanolate
141-52-6

sodium ethanolate

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

1-ethoxyethyl ether
80243-06-7

1-ethoxyethyl ether

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

2,2,3-trichlorobutyraldehyde
76-36-8

2,2,3-trichlorobutyraldehyde

aluminum ethoxide
555-75-9

aluminum ethoxide

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

2,2,3-trichloro-butan-1-ol
116529-70-5

2,2,3-trichloro-butan-1-ol

C

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

D

ethyl acetate
141-78-6

ethyl acetate

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

bromo-acetic acid-(1-bromo-ethyl ester)
861797-08-2

bromo-acetic acid-(1-bromo-ethyl ester)

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

ethyl bromide
74-96-4

ethyl bromide

C

ethyl bromoacetate
105-36-2

ethyl bromoacetate

D

crotonaldehyde
123-73-9

crotonaldehyde

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

N,N-diethyl-benzenesulfonamide-N-oxide
860515-50-0

N,N-diethyl-benzenesulfonamide-N-oxide

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

pentaethoxyantimony
7610-33-5

pentaethoxyantimony

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

triethoxyantimony
873376-62-6

triethoxyantimony

C

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

bromoethyl methyl ether
57977-96-5

bromoethyl methyl ether

A

diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

B

methyl bromide
74-83-9

methyl bromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
bei 3-woechigem Aufbewahren im geschlossenen Gefaess am Tageslicht;
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

bis(bromomethyl)bis(hydroxymethyl)methane
3296-90-0

bis(bromomethyl)bis(hydroxymethyl)methane

5,5-bis(bromomethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane
13727-36-1

5,5-bis(bromomethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid for 1h; Heating;100%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester
350586-97-9

[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester

benzyl (6-benzyloxy-7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline)-2-carboxylate
350586-92-4

benzyl (6-benzyloxy-7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline)-2-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane Heating;100%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(3S)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
191279-38-6

(3S)-1-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Pictet-Spengler reaction; Heating;100%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(4R)-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
98974-04-0

(4R)-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one

(4R)-3-(1-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethyl-oxazolidin-2-one
634916-94-2

(4R)-3-(1-ethoxyethyl)-4-ethyl-oxazolidin-2-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 10-camphorsufonic acid In dichloromethane at 55℃;100%
With 10-camphorsufonic acid at 55℃; for 3h;
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

α-phenoxy β-N-carbomethoxy aminoxyethanol

α-phenoxy β-N-carbomethoxy aminoxyethanol

carbomethoxy-2 methyl-3 phenoxymethyl-5 tetrahydrodioxazine-1,4,2
93625-04-8

carbomethoxy-2 methyl-3 phenoxymethyl-5 tetrahydrodioxazine-1,4,2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 4h; Heating;98%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(R)-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol
1097637-57-4

(R)-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol

(R)-4-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
1246659-58-4

(R)-4-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;98%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

trimethylsilyl cyanide
7677-24-9

trimethylsilyl cyanide

1-Cyanoethyl ethyl ether
14631-45-9

1-Cyanoethyl ethyl ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
boron trifluoride diethyl etherate for 3h; Ambient temperature;97%
boron trifluoride diethyl etherate for 5h; Ambient temperature;97%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

α-p-methoxy phenoxymethyl β-N-carbomethoxy aminoxyethanol
93624-87-4

α-p-methoxy phenoxymethyl β-N-carbomethoxy aminoxyethanol

carbomethoxy-2 methyl-3 p-methoxy phenoxymethyl-5 tetrahydrodioxazine-1,4,2
93625-05-9

carbomethoxy-2 methyl-3 p-methoxy phenoxymethyl-5 tetrahydrodioxazine-1,4,2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 4h; Heating;97%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(R)-3-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol
1132701-98-4

(R)-3-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol

(R)-4-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
1246659-57-3

(R)-4-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃;97%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

2,3-O-ethylidene-L-threitol 1,4-bis(methanesulfonate)
155153-73-4

2,3-O-ethylidene-L-threitol 1,4-bis(methanesulfonate)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
96%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

diethyl tartrate
21066-72-8

diethyl tartrate

A

(2S,4R,5S)-2-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

(2S,4R,5S)-2-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

B

(2R,4R,5S)-2-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
163250-98-4

(2R,4R,5S)-2-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In cyclohexane for 4h; Heating; Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;A n/a
B 95%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

treosulfan
1947-62-2

treosulfan

2,3-O-ethylidene-D-threitol 1,4-bis(methanesulfonate)
155153-72-3

2,3-O-ethylidene-D-threitol 1,4-bis(methanesulfonate)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
95%
95%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(2S,3R)-methyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate

(2S,3R)-methyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate

(4S,5R)-methyl 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate

(4S,5R)-methyl 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃;95%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃;3.6 g
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

2,6-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-4H-pyran
109531-53-5

2,6-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-4H-pyran

3-(1-Ethoxy-ethyl)-6-trimethylsilanyloxy-3,4-dihydro-pyran-2-one
134923-91-4

3-(1-Ethoxy-ethyl)-6-trimethylsilanyloxy-3,4-dihydro-pyran-2-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate In dichloromethane for 19h; Ambient temperature;94%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

{Os(NH3)5(2,3-η2-PhOCH3)}(Otf)2
115289-80-0

{Os(NH3)5(2,3-η2-PhOCH3)}(Otf)2

trifluorormethanesulfonic acid
1493-13-6

trifluorormethanesulfonic acid

[Os(NH3)5(2,3-η2-4-(1-ethoxyethane)anisole)] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)

[Os(NH3)5(2,3-η2-4-(1-ethoxyethane)anisole)] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine In acetonitrile N2; acetal addn. to Os-compd. soln., CF3SO3H dissoln., both solns. cooling to -40°C and combining, pyridine (-40°C) addn. after 20 min, pptn. on mixt. addn. to 1:1 ether/CH2Cl2 soln.; ppt. filtration off, rinsing with CH2Cl2 and ether, vac. drying; ratio of diastereomers 9:1;94%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

1-O-(2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyl-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin
99194-79-3, 111322-25-9

1-O-(2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyl-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin

1-O-(2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-4:6-O-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyl-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin
111275-60-6, 111322-26-0, 131177-33-8, 131177-34-9

1-O-(2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-4:6-O-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyl-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Ambient temperature;92%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

diethyl bis(hydroxymethyl)malonate
20605-01-0

diethyl bis(hydroxymethyl)malonate

5,5-diethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane
51335-74-1

5,5-diethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 80℃;91%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

1,3-diphenylpropanedione
120-46-7

1,3-diphenylpropanedione

2-(1-ethoxyethyl)-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione
116863-88-8

2-(1-ethoxyethyl)-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate In dichloromethane at -78℃;91%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

o-hydroxymethyl thiophenol
4521-31-7

o-hydroxymethyl thiophenol

2-methyl-4H-benzo[a][1,3]oxathiine
201139-96-0

2-methyl-4H-benzo[a][1,3]oxathiine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetaldehyde; sodium sulfate at 40℃;91%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

tert-butylisonitrile
119072-55-8, 7188-38-7

tert-butylisonitrile

2-[(E)-tert-Butylimino]-3-ethoxy-butyronitrile
121059-16-3

2-[(E)-tert-Butylimino]-3-ethoxy-butyronitrile

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylaluminium chloride In hexane; dichloromethane for 12h; Ambient temperature;90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

3-Bromo-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-phenyl-1-propene
140149-89-9

3-Bromo-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-phenyl-1-propene

(Z)-1-Bromo-4-ethoxy-2-phenyl-1-pentene
140149-93-5

(Z)-1-Bromo-4-ethoxy-2-phenyl-1-pentene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With titanium tetrachloride In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 0.5h;90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

(2R,4R)-1,5-Bis-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentane-2,4-diol

(2R,4R)-1,5-Bis-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentane-2,4-diol

(4R,6R)-4,6-Bis-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-2-methyl-[1,3]dioxane

(4R,6R)-4,6-Bis-(3-methoxy-benzyl)-2-methyl-[1,3]dioxane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen cation90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

4-O-(3
215935-15-2

4-O-(3"-azido-2",3"-dideoxy-α-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-4'-benzyloxycarbonyl-epipodophyllotoxin

4-O-(3

4-O-(3"-azido-2",3"-dideoxy-4",6"-O-ethylidene-β-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl)-4'-benzyloxycarbonyl-epipodophyllotoxin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile for 1h; Ambient temperature;90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

propan-1-ol-3-amine
156-87-6

propan-1-ol-3-amine

N-Boc-2-methyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazine
146514-21-8

N-Boc-2-methyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; propan-1-ol-3-amine With triethylamine
Stage #2: diethyl acetal With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate
90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

<3aS(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-(+)-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-2H-cyclopentafuran-2-one
76704-05-7

<3aS(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-(+)-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-2H-cyclopentafuran-2-one

C10H14O4
1328921-50-1

C10H14O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: <3aS(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-(+)-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-hexahydro-2H-cyclopentafuran-2-one With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: diethyl acetal In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;
Stage #3: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; water
90%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

methyl 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-methyl-1-oxo-7,9-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane-2-carboxylate
1415688-67-3

methyl 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-8-methyl-1-oxo-7,9-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane-2-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium bicarbonate; p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate In toluene89.2%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

ethyl 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)acrylate
74976-84-4

ethyl 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)acrylate

ethyl 4-ethoxy-2-methylenepentanoate
75366-37-9

ethyl 4-ethoxy-2-methylenepentanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With titanium tetrachloride In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 6h;89%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

PhCu*LiX*BF3

PhCu*LiX*BF3

1-ethoxy-1-phenylethane
3299-05-6

1-ethoxy-1-phenylethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether at -30℃; for 0.5h;89%
diethyl acetal
105-57-7

diethyl acetal

ethyl 1-propenyl ether
928-55-2

ethyl 1-propenyl ether

1,1,3-triethoxy-2-methyl-butane
36551-27-6

1,1,3-triethoxy-2-methyl-butane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminum (III) chloride at -10 - -5℃; for 0.166667h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;88%
With aluminum (III) chloride at -10 - 5℃; for 0.166667h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;88%
With iron(III) chloride
With diethyl ether; boron trifluoride at 45 - 50℃;
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate at 65℃;

105-57-7Relevant articles and documents

Application of Microwave Heating Techniques for Dry Organic Reactions

Alloum, Abdelkrim Ben,Labiad, Bouchta,Villemin, Didier

, p. 386 - 387 (1989)

A commercially available microwave oven operating at 2450 MHz has been used for activation of organic compounds adsorbed on inorganic solids.

Photocatalytic Reaction of Ethanol over Titanium Diselenide

Iseda, Kozo,Osaki, Toshihiko,Taoda, Hiroshi,Yamakita, Hiromi

, p. 1038 - 1042 (1993)

A suspension of TiSe2 in ethanol was illuminated with ultraviolet light in an atmosphere of Ar, air, or O2 at 298 K.The main products were acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde diethyl acetal (acetal), acetic acid, water, hydrogen, ethylene, methane, and carbon dioxide.Each yield of the products under air or O2 was higher than under Ar, except for that of hydrogen and ethylene.Platinum under an O2 atmosphere exerted its effect for producing CH3COOH, acetal, CO2, CH3CHO, CH4, and H2O, while under Ar it contributed to generating CO2, CH4, and H2.No effect of Pt was observed for generating C2H4 under either an atmosphere of Ar or O2.

Visible-Light Direct Conversion of Ethanol to 1,1-Diethoxyethane and Hydrogen over a Non-Precious Metal Photocatalyst

Chao, Yuguang,Zhang, Wenqin,Wu, Xuemei,Gong, Nana,Bi, Zhihong,Li, Yunqin,Zheng, Jianfeng,Zhu, Zhenping,Tan, Yisheng

, p. 189 - 194 (2019)

Converting renewable biomass and their derivatives into chemicals and fuels has received much attention to reduce the dependence on fossil resources. Photocatalytic ethanol dehydrogenation–acetalization to prepare value-added 1,1-diethoxyethane and H2 was achieved over non-precious metal CdS/Ni-MoS2 catalyst under visible light. The system displays an excellent production rate and high selectivity of 1,1-diethoxyethane, 52.1 mmol g?1 h?1 and 99.2 %, respectively. In-situ electron spin resonance, photoluminescence spectroscopy and transient photocurrent responses were conducted to investigate the mechanism. This study provides a promising strategy for a green application of bioethanol.

Photocatalytic direct conversion of ethanol to 1,1- diethoxyethane over noble-metal-loaded TiO2 nanotubes and nanorods

Zhang, Hongxia,Wu, Yupeng,Li, Li,Zhu, Zhenping

, p. 1226 - 1231 (2015)

As one of the most important biomass platform molecules, ethanol needs to have its product chain chemically extended to meet future demands in renewable fuels and chemicals. Additionally, chemical conversion of ethanol under mild and green conditions is still a major challenge. In this work, ethanol is directly converted into 1,1-diethoxyethane (DEE) and H2 under mild photocatalytic conditions over platinum-loaded TiO2 nanotubes and nanorods. The reaction follows a tandem dehydrogenation-acetalization mechanism, in which ethanol is first dehydrogenated into acetaldehyde and H+ ion by photogenerated holes, and then acetalization between acetaldehyde and ethanol proceeds through promotion by H+ ions formed in real time. Excess H+ ions are simultaneously reduced into H2 by photogenerated electrons. This photocatalytic process has a very high reaction rate over nanosized tubular and rod-like TiO2 photocatalysts, reaching 157.7 mmol g-1 h-1 in relatively low photocatalyst feeding. More importantly, the reaction is highly selective, with a nearly stoichiometric conversion of reacted ethanol into DEE. This photocatalytic dehydrogenation C-O coupling of ethanol is a new green approach to the direct efficient conversion of ethanol into DEE and provides a promising channel for sustainable bioethanol applications.

One Nanometer PtIr Nanowires as High-Efficiency Bifunctional Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Ethanol into High Value-Added Multicarbon Compound Coupled with Hydrogen Production

Chao, Yuguang,Gu, Lin,Guo, Shaojun,Li, Hongbo,Li, Menggang,Lu, Shiyu,Lv, Fan,Tao, Lu,Yin, Kun,Zhang, Qinghua,Zhang, Weiyu

, p. 10822 - 10827 (2021)

The electrosynthesis of high-value-added multicarbon compounds coupled with hydrogen production is an efficient way to achieve carbon neutrality; however, the lack of effective bifunctional catalysts in electrosynthesis largely hinders its development. Herein, we report the first example on the highly efficient electrosynthesis of high-value-added 1,1-diethoxyethane (DEE) at the anode and high-purity hydrogen at the cathode using 1 nm PtIr nanowires (NWs) as the bifunctional catalysts. We demonstrate that the cell using 1 nm PtIr nanowires as the bifunctional catalysts can achieve a reported lowest voltage of 0.61 V to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2, much lower than those of the Pt NWs (0.85 V) and commercial Pt/C (0.86 V), and also can have the highest Faraday efficiencies of 85% for DEE production and 94.0% for hydrogen evolution in all the reported electrosynthesis catalysts. The in situ infrared spectroscopy study reveals that PtIr NWs can facilitate the activation of O-H and C-H bonds in ethanol, which is important for the formation of acetaldehyde intermediate, and finally DEE. In addition, the cell using PtIr NWs as bifunctional catalysts exhibits excellent stability by showing almost no obvious decrease in the Faraday efficiency of the DEE production.

A Strategy for the Simultaneous Synthesis of Methallyl Alcohol and Diethyl Acetal with Sn-Β

Hu, Wenda,Wan, Yan,Zhu, Lili,Cheng, Xiaojie,Wan, Shaolong,Lin, Jingdong,Wang, Yong

, p. 4715 - 4724 (2017)

A new strategy was developed to simultaneously produce two important chemicals, namely, methallyl alcohol (Mol) and diethyl acetal (Dal) from methacrolein in ethanol solvent at low temperature with the use of Beta zeolites modified by tin (Sn-β catalysts). All the Sn-β catalysts were prepared by the solid-state ion-exchange method, wherein the calcination step was conducted under different gas atmospheres. The catalyst precalcined in Ar (Sn-β-Ar) had a reduced number of extra-framework Sn species and enabled more Sn species to be exchanged into the framework as isolated tetrahedral SnIV, enhancing the catalytic activity of the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction. The sodium-exchanged Sn-β-Ar, with a reduced number of weak Br?nsted acid sites, led to an even better selectivity for Mol, owing to the restriction of the side reactions such as acetalization, addition, and etherification. Under optimized catalyst and reaction conditions, the yield of Mol and Dal reached approximately 90 % and 96 %, respectively. The possible reaction pathways, along with a complex network of side products, was proposed after a detailed investigation through the use of different substrates as reactants. The fine-tuning of Sn-β catalysts through different treatments discussed in this work is of great significance toward the understanding and manipulation of complex reactions between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and primary alcohols.

The role of oxide location in HMF etherification with ethanol over sulfated ZrO2 supported on SBA-15

Barbera,Lanzafame,Pistone,Millesi,Malandrino,Gulino,Perathoner,Centi

, p. 19 - 32 (2015)

The etherification of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) over ZrO2 and sulfated ZrO2-SBA-15 was chosen as a case study to analyze (i) the quantitative relationship between the concentration of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites and the catalytic behavior in the above reaction, which is also of industrial relevance for the production of biodiesel additives, and (ii) how the location of zirconia nanoparticles inside or outside the mesoporous channels of SBA-15 could significantly influence the specific reactivity in this reaction, both before and after sulfation. Depending on the loading of zirconia (about 10 or 35 wt%), the characterization data by different techniques (TEM, XRD, BET, Dr-UV-vis, and XPS) agree in indicating that zirconia is located predominantly outside the mesoporous channels as small zirconia nanoparticles for the lower loading, and predominantly inside the mesoporous channels for the higher loading. The concentration of medium-strong Lewis and Bronsted acid sites were determined by pyridine chemisorption monitored by IR spectroscopy. While the concentration of Bronsted acid sites (formed after sulfation) is linearly dependent on the amount of zirconia in SBA-15, a marked deviation is observed for Lewis acid sites. The same conclusion was derived from analysis of the dependence of the catalytic activity in Lewis- or Bronsted-acid-site-promoted reactions. The analysis of these results indicated that the characteristics of the zirconia nanoparticles deposited outside or inside the mesoporous silica channels differ in terms of acid features and in turn of catalytic reactivity.

Meadows,Darwent

, p. 1015 (1952)

(V)/Hydrotalcite, (V)/Al2O3, (V)/TiO2 and (V)/SBA-15 catalysts for the partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde

Hidalgo,Ti?ler,Kubi?ka,Raabova,Bulanek

, p. 178 - 189 (2016)

Vanadium-based catalysts have been investigated in the partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde with the aim of understanding relationship between vanadium structure and acetaldehyde productivity. Hydrotalcite, Al2O3, TiO2 and SBA-15 with and without a 5% of vanadium content were prepared to study the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol. They were characterized by XRF, TPR (H2), NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, RAMAN, UV-vis, Nitrogen physisorption, XRD and SEM. The most easily reducible catalysts (as determined by TPR) were the most active ones. In the low temperature region (150 °C), the most active catalyst was the V/TiO2 which presented stable activity in the production of acetaldehyde up to TOS = 200 h. On the contrary, in the high temperature region (250 °C), the most active catalyst was the V/Al2O3catalyst. The most promising result was obtained over V/TiO2 catalyst that afforded a total ethanol conversion of 60.4%wt. and a selectivity to acetaldehyde of 76.2%wt. at TOS = 164 h and T = 150 °C. Also, hydrotalcite was tested for the first time for this type of reaction providing a conversion lower than 7%wt. with a selectivity of 100%wt. to acetaldehyde at T = 150-225 °C.

P-Benzoquinone adsorption-separation, sensing and its photoinduced transformation within a robust Cd(II)-MOF in a SC-SC fashion

Yang, Fan,Liu, Qi-Kui,Wu, Dan,Li, An-Yan,Dong, Yu-Bin

, p. 7443 - 7446 (2015)

p-Benzoquinone (Q) adsorption-separation, sensing and its photoinduced transformation within a robust Cd(ii)-MOF (1) is reported. All the adsorption, sensing and photochemical reactions are directly performed on the single-crystals of 1. This journal is

Efficient synthesis of 1,1-diethoxyethane via sequential ethanol reactions on silica-supported copper and H-Y zeolite catalysts

He, Xiaohui,Liu, Haichao

, p. 133 - 139 (2014)

1,1-Diethoxyethane (DEE) is an important chemical with versatile applications. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of DEE via two-sequential reactions of ethanol including the selective dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and the subsequent acetalization of acetaldehyde with ethanol to DEE. The ethanol dehydrogenation was examined on Cu catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO 2 supports with similar Cu dispersions, and Cu/SiO2 was more selective to acetaldehyde with 99.0% selectivity at 493 K, due to the inert surface of SiO2, compared to the other three oxide supports with stronger acidity and basicity facilitating the side reactions of acetaldehyde. For the equilibrium-limited acetalization reaction, comparison of representative solid acids (e.g. SO42-/ZrO2, Amberlyst 15, H-Y zeolite and AlCl3/SiO2) showed that while they offered nearly 100% DEE selectivities, the Br?nsted acid sites were more active than the Lewis acid sites. This was confirmed by the higher activities (normalized per acid site) for the H-Y zeolites with higher factions of the Br?nsted acid sites obtained by calcination at lower temperatures in the range 773-1073 K. Combination of the ethanol dehydrogenation on Cu/SiO 2 at 493 K and the acetalization reaction on H-Y (calcined at 773 K) at 293 K in the two-sequential flow microreactors led to the steady conversion of ethanol to DEE in a yield of as high as 35.0%. This yield could be further improved, for example, to 70.5%, the highest yield from ethanol reported to date, after removal of water in the acetalization reactor by 3A zeolite. Such two-sequential reactor configuration also applied to the efficient synthesis of other important acetals, and as an example, dimethoxymethane was synthesized directly from methanol in a yield of 84.1% on iron molybdate and H-ZSM-5 catalysts.

Chemical interconversions in the system Tp Zn/CO2/alcohol [Tp = substituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate]

Ruf, Michael,Schell, Friedrich Alexander,Walz, Rainer,Vahrenkamp, Heinrich

, p. 101 - 104 (1997)

The zinc hydroxide complexes Tp*Zn-OH with TpCum,Me = tris(3-cumenyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate and TptBu,Me = tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate can be converted to the alkyl carbonate complexes Tp*Zn-OCOOR by reaction with dialkyl dicarbonates or with alcohol and CO2. An alternative formation reaction is the treatment of the pyrazolyl borate with zinc perchlorate and potassium carbonate in alcohol. The interconversion between TpCum,MeZn-OH and TpCum.MeZn_OCOoMe in methanol-containing solution can be repeatedly performed in both directions by bubbling either CO2 or N2 through the solution. The alkyl carbonate complexes show a variable sensitivity towards hydrolytic destruction with reformation of the hydroxide complexes. The complexes TptBu,MeZn-OCOOR (R = Me, Et) release CO2 under high vacuum to form the alkoxide complexes TptBU,Me-Zn-OR, which could not be obtained pure due to their extreme water sensitivity. Indirect evidence for their existence is also obtained by the reaction between TpCum,MeZnOCOOMe and methyl iodide, forming TpCum,MeZn-I and dimethyl ether. The zinc hydroxide complexes catalyse the formation of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO2. VCEI Verlagsgcsellschaft mbH.

Making H2 from light and biomass-derived alcohols: The outstanding activity of newly designed hierarchical MWCNT/Pd@TiO2 hybrid catalysts

Beltram,Melchionna,Montini,Nasi,Fornasiero,Prato

, p. 2379 - 2389 (2017)

Hydrogen evolution is among the most investigated catalytic processes given the importance of H2 from an industrial and an energy perspective. Achieving H2 production through green routes, such as water splitting or more realistically photoreforming of alcohols, is particularly desirable. In this work, we achieve a remarkable H2 productivity through photoreforming of either ethanol or glycerol as a sacrificial electron donor by employing a hybrid nanocatalyst where the properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Pd nanoparticles and crystalline TiO2 are optimally merged through appropriate engineering of the three components and an optimised synthetic protocol. Catalysts were very active both under UV (highest activity 25 mmol g-1 h-1) and simulated solar light (1.5 mmol h-1 g-1), as well as very stable. Critical to such high performance is the intimate contact of the three phases, each fulfilling a specific task synergistically with the other components.

REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES AND ALCOHOLS CATALYZED BY A GIANT PALLADIUM CLUSTER

Zagorodnikov, V. P.,Vargaftik, M. N.

, p. 2457 (1985)

-

Selective Formation of Acetal by Photooxidation of Ethanol over Silica-supported Niobium Oxide Catalysts

Tanaka, Tsunehiro,Takenaka, Sakae,Funabiki, Takuzo,Yoshida, Satohiro

, p. 809 - 812 (1994)

UV-irradiation of silica-supported niobium oxide suspended in liquid ethanol under atmospheric oxygen led to the selective production of 1,1-diethoxyethane.The absence of oxygen or UV-irradiation with wavelengths of λ > 320 nm remarkably suppressed the reaction.The activity normalized to the number of niobium ions suggests that the active site is highly dispersed niobate species.Ethanal is the primary product of the photooxidation and 1,1-diethoxyethane is formed by acid catalysis.

Reaction of 1-alkoxy-1-haloalkanes with orthoformic esters [3]

Gazizov,Pudovik,Gazizov,Karimova,Khairullin,Romakhin,Nikitin

, p. 1488 - 1489 (2002)

-

Improving the selectivity to C4 products in the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in ethanol over faujasite zeolites

Zhang, Lu,Pham, Tu N.,Faria, Jimmy,Resasco, Daniel E.

, p. 119 - 129 (2015)

The selective conversion of acetaldehyde to C4 products, minimizing the production of secondary (C6, C8) condensation products, could be a potential path in the production of butadiene from ethanol, a process of commercial interest. Therefore, we have investigated the selective aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in liquid phase over faujasite zeolites, NaX and NaY. Specifically, we have examined the influence of the number and location of the exchangeable cations, type of cations, and post-synthesis treatments on product selectivity. At 230 °C, NaY results in higher C4/(C6 + C8) product ratio than NaX, which can be explained in terms of the strength, density, and accessibility of basic sites, which are less favorable in NaX than NaY. In fact, the CO2 TPD measurements indicate the presence of three types of basic sites of varying strength, of which those with weak and medium strength are most important for the selective condensation. A confinement effect is observed when adding K to the NaY zeolite. The observed selectivity changes suggest that when larger cations partially occupy the supercages, the production of C8 products decreases, while C6 products increase. Also, post-synthesis washing treatments show significant variations in selectivity, which demonstrate the effects of partial occupation of the zeolite pores in the reaction. It is also shown that at a given conversion, the C4/(C6 + C8) ratio can be adjusted by modifying the micro/mesoporosity balance in the zeolite.

Photocatalytic ethanol to H2 and 1,1-diethoxyethane by Co(II) diphenylphosphinate/TiO2 composite

Li, Aihong,Li, Dongyang,Mao, Jianwei,Ge, Zhimeng,Guo, Jianping,Liu, Bo

, (2021)

Through a facile solvothermal method, the novel composites of cobalt(II) diphenylphosphinate/TiO2 have been synthesized and used for photocatalytic hydrogen production in ethanol solution. The chemical composition and surface morphology were an

Reactions of palladium(i) carbonylacetate cluster with alcohols

Chernysheva,Stromnova,Vargafiik,Moiseev

, p. 2327 - 2330 (1996)

Reactions of a telranuclear palladium cluster (Pd(CO)(OAc)l4 with C,-Cj alcohols have been found to proceed simultaneously via several routes to form CO? and dialkyl carbonates, the products of oxidation of coordinated CO ligands, along with carbonyl compounds which form due to oxidation of the corresponding alcohols. Alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, and acyl palladium derivatives are shown to be the intermediates of the reactions studied.

Effect of SSIE structure of Cu-exchanged β and Y on the selectivity for synthesis of diethyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of ethanol: A comparative investigation

Zhang, Pingbo,Huang, Shouying,Yang, Yang,Meng, Qingsen,Wang, Shengping,Ma, Xinbin

, p. 202 - 206 (2010)

Cu-exchanged β and Y catalysts were investigated by oxidative carbonylation of ethanol in the gas-phase reaction. Cuβ catalyst has shown better catalytic selectivity for oxidative carbonylation of ethanol to diethyl carbonate (DEC), without the principal by-product 1,1-diethoxyethane (DEE) for CuY catalysts. In order to investigate the effect of zeolite structure on the selectivity for products, computational analysis of molecular dimensions and diffusion parameters of DEC and DEE within Cuβ and CuY catalysts zeolite framework has been performed using molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics methods. The computational analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results to some extent. DEC having a kinetic diameter of 3.663 A? and the lowest energy barrier was formed preferentially over both zeolites. However, the DEE molecule was not detected among the products over Cuβ because of its greater kinetic diameter 6.059 A? and higher energy barrier. The special architecture of β zeolite did not allow the diffusion of DEE molecules through its pores. The formation of the higher sterically hindered DEE over CuY catalyst could be explained by involvement of the outer surface.

-

von Sonntag et al.

, p. 4333,4334-4339 (1972)

-

Oxygen-implanted MoS2 nanosheets promoting quinoline synthesis from nitroarenes and aliphatic alcohols via an integrated oxidation transfer hydrogenation-cyclization mechanism

Gao, Zhuyan,Huang, Zhipeng,Lu, Jianmin,Mu, Junju,Ren, Puning,Su, Kaiyi,Wang, Feng,Zhang, Chaofeng,Zhang, Shichao

supporting information, p. 1704 - 1713 (2022/03/08)

We herein report that MoS2 with oxygen-implanting modification (O-MoS2) can work as a multifunctional catalyst to achieve the one-pot quinoline synthesis from basic nitroarenes and aliphatic alcohols. Different from common knowledge that the application of MoS2-based catalysts and above quinoline synthesis need anaerobic conditions, we conduct the heterogeneous catalysis under an unusual air atmosphere. Catalyst characterization and experimental results indicate that the MoOx clusters implanted in the MoS2 skeleton, not the coordinatively unsaturated Mo sites (CUS Mo), dominate the generation of quinolines. By overturning the catalysis perception that O2 adsorption on MoSx can deactivate the MoS2-based catalysts using an efficient method for in situ healing of the MoOx structure in O-MoS2 and protecting the O-MoS2 catalyst by inhibiting unwanted MoOx elimination with extra H*, we innovatively introduce O2 into the quinoline synthesis. The robust O-MoS2 can be consecutively used ten times without regeneration and it offers 69-75% yields of 2-methylquinoline from nitrobenzene and ethanol. Furthermore, different from the traditional transfer hydrogenation-condensation mechanism, an integrated oxidation-transfer hydrogenation-cyclization mechanism is proposed over the O-MoS2 catalyst.

Post a RFQ

Enter 15 to 2000 letters.Word count: 0 letters

Attach files(File Format: Jpeg, Jpg, Gif, Png, PDF, PPT, Zip, Rar,Word or Excel Maximum File Size: 3MB)

1

What can I do for you?
Get Best Price

Get Best Price for 105-57-7