540-69-2 Usage
Description
Different sources of media describe the Description of 540-69-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ammonium formate is the ammonium salt of formic acid, and is a colorless, hydroscopic, crystalline solid. It can be synthesized through treating ammonium carbonate with 85% formic acid. It is widely used in many organic reactions such as Leuckart reaction which is the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. It can also be used as a buffer in HPLC and LC/MS test. Moreover, it is also used in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional group. It can also be used for the preparation of formic acid in situ as well as being used to store formic acid.
2. Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid.
References
http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV2P0503
https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/014517/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_formate
Chemical Properties
colourless crystals
Physical properties
White monoclinic deliquescent crystals or granules; density 1.280 g/cm3; melts at 116°C; highly soluble in water (102 g/100 g at 0°C), solubility rapidly increasing with temperature (i.e., 531 g/100 g at 80°C); soluble in liquid ammonia, alcohol and ether.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 540-69-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ammonium formate is widely used in various organic reactions like Leuckart reaction which involves the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. It serves as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). It finds application in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional groups. For example, reduction of alkenes to alkanes and formaldehyde to methanol. It is also used to prepare formic acid insitu as well as used to store formic acid by making it as an ammonium salt.
2. In chemical analysis, especially to ppt base metals from salts of the "noble" metals.
3. Pure ammonium formate decomposes into formamide and water when heated, and this is its primary use in industry. Formic acid can also be obtained by reacting ammonium formate with a dilute acid, and since ammonium formate is also produced from formic acid, it can serve as a way of storing formic acid. Ammonium formate can also be used in palladium on carbon (Pd / C) reduction of functional groups. In the presence of Pd / C, ammonium formate decomposes to hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Ammonium formate can be used for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones (Leuckart reaction) Ammonium formate can be used as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). .
Definition
ChEBI: The ammonium salt of formic acid.
Reactions
When heated, ammonium formate eliminates water, forming formamide. Upon further heating it forms to HCN and H2O. A side reaction of this is the decomposition of formamide to CO and NH3.
General Description
White solid with a weak odor of ammonia. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Salts, basic, such as Ammonium formate, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating ammonia and formic acid gases may form in fire.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion andintravenous routes. When heated to decomposition itemits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3.
Purification Methods
Heat the solid in NH3 vapour and dry it in a vacuum till the NH3 odour is faint (note that it can evaporate completely in a vacuum). Recrystallise it from absolute EtOH and then keep it in a desiccator over 99% H2SO4 in vacuo. It is very hygroscopic. It exists in two forms, stable needles and less stable plates. It also forms acid salts, i.e. HCO2NH4.3HCO2H and HCO2NH4.HCO2H. [Kensall & Adler J Am Chem Soc 43 1473 1921, Beilstein 2 IV 18.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 540-69-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 540-69:
(5*5)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*6)+(1*9)=62
62 % 10 = 2
So 540-69-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH2O2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);1H3
540-69-2Relevant articles and documents
Occurrence of a rare 49·66 structural topology, chirality, and weak ferromagnetism in the [NH4][M II(HCOO)3] (M = Mn, Co, Ni) frameworks
Wang, Zheming,Zhang, Bin,Inoue, Katsuya,Fujiwara, Hideki,Otsuka, Takeo,Kobayashi, Hayao,Kurmoo, Mohamedally
, p. 437 - 445 (2007)
We report the synthesis, crystal structures, thermal, IR, UV-vis, and magnetic properties of a series of divalent transition metal formates, [NH 4][M(HCOO)3], where M = divalent Mn, Co, or Ni. They crystallize in the hexagonal chiral space group P6322. The structure consists of octahedral metal centers connected by the anti-anti formate ligands, and the ammonium cations sit in the channels. The chiral structure is a framework with the rarely observed 49·66 topology, and the chirality is derived from the handedness imposed by the formate ligands around the metals and the presence of units with only one handedness. The thermal properties are characterized by a decomposition at ca. 200°C. The three compounds exhibit an antiferromagnetic ground state at 8.4, 9.8, and 29.5 K for Mn, Co, and Ni, respectively. The last two display a weak spontaneous magnetization due to a small canting of the moments below the critical temperature, and the Co compound shows a further transition at lower temperatures. The isothermal magnetizations at 2 K show spin-flop fields of 600 Oe (Mn), 14 kOe (Co), and above 50 kOe (Ni) and a small hysteresis with a remnant magnetization of 25 cm3 G mol-1 (Co) and 50 cm3 G mol-1 (Ni) and coercive field of 400 Oe (Co) and 830 Oe (Ni).
Krieble,Peiker
, p. 2326 (1933)
Zn-catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides
Zhao, Lulu,Dong, Yanan,Xia, Qiangqiang,Bai, Jianfei,Li, Yuehui
supporting information, p. 6471 - 6477 (2020/06/08)
We report the first example of zinc-catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides with formamide as the cyanogen source. The transformation was promoted by the bisphosphine Nixantphos ligand. Under optimized conditions, a variety of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing aryl iodides were converted into nitrile products in good to excellent yields. This approach is an exceedingly simple and benign method for the synthesis of aryl nitriles and is likely to proceed via a dinuclear Zn-concerted catalysis.
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide with Organic Base by PCIIP-Ir Catalysts
Takaoka, Satoko,Eizawa, Aya,Kusumoto, Shuhei,Nakajima, Kazunari,Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki,Nozaki, Kyoko
, p. 3001 - 3009 (2018/10/02)
Novel PCIIP-IrI monochloride complexes (1-Cl and 2-Cl) bearing a phosphine-carbene-phosphine pincer type ligand were synthesized. Reactions of 1-Cl with hexachloroethane, hydrogen chloride, and lithium triethylborohydride under a dihydrogen atmosphere afforded PCIIP-IrIII trichloride (1-Cl3), hydride dichloride (1-HCl2), and trihydride (1-H3) complexes, respectively. The strong electron-donating ability of carbene in PCIIP-Ir complexes was confirmed by X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations. Moreover, in complex 1-Cl, strong π back-donation from the iridium center to the carbene carbon was observed. Hydrogenation of CO2 with triethanolamine catalyzed by PCIIP-Ir complexes was investigated. The novel PCIIP-Ir complex 1-Cl exhibited a longer lifetime in comparison to the PNP-IrIII complex 3-H3: the turnover number of 1-Cl is significantly higher than that of 3-H3 (in 46 h, 1-Cl 230000 and 3-H3 54000).
