Propylene Glycol

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Propylene Glycol
• CAS No.: 57-55-6
• Deprecated CAS: 190913-75-8,4254-16-4,63625-56-9,1194046-20-2,1194046-20-2,63625-56-9
• Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
• Molecular Weight: 76.0953
• Hs Code.: 29053200
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-338-0,291-996-8,613-293-0
• ICSC Number: 0321
• NSC Number: 69860,35749,35748,35747
• UNII: 6DC9Q167V3
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID0021206
• Nikkaji Number: J1.918F,J2.210A
• Wikipedia: Propylene glycol
• Wikidata: Q161495
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C29388
• RXCUI: 34693
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 87196
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL286398
• Mol file: 57-55-6.mol

Synonyms:1,2 Propanediol;1,2-Propanediol;Glycol, Propylene;Monohydrate, Propylene Glycol;Propan-1,2-Diol;Propylene Glycol;Propylene Glycol Monohydrate;Propylene Glycol Sodium Salt;Propylene Glycol, (+-)-Isomer;Propylene Glycol, (R)-Isomer;Propylene Glycol, (S)-Isomer

Chemical Property of Propylene Glycol

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: clear viscous liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 0.08 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
• Melting Point: -60 °C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.432(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 184.848 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 14.49±0.20(Predicted)
• Flash Point: 107.222 °C
• PSA: 40.46000
• Density: 1.036 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.64050
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
• Water Solubility.: miscible
• XLogP3: -0.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 76.052429494
• Heavy Atom Count: 5
• Complexity: 20.9

Purity/Quality:

99.5% ^*data from raw suppliers

Pg ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Safety Statements: 24/25

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Alcohols and Polyols, Other
• Canonical SMILES: CC(CO)O
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Post-Operative Constipation Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Is treatment with emollients always beneficial?
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Enhancement of processing speed and accuracy of visual detection by GABA aspiration
• Inhalation Risk: No indication can be given whether a harmful concentration in the air will be reached.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Ingestion of large amounts could cause metabolic acidosis.
• Chemical Composition and Properties: Propylene glycol (PG), also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a synthetic liquid substance with the ability to absorb water. It is sweet, hygroscopic, and viscous. PG has gluconeogenic properties, which enable it to alleviate negative energy balance (NEB) and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies.
• Industrial and Commercial Uses: Propylene glycol is utilized in various industries, including chemical, food, and pharmaceutical sectors. It serves as an antifreeze agent to prevent freezing when leakage may lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified PG as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food. In pharmaceutical formulations, PG is employed as a co-solvent and permeation enhancer in topical preparations to enhance drug delivery through the skin.
• Uses in Animal Health: Propylene glycol is used in animal husbandry, particularly in dairy cows, to alleviate negative energy balance and prevent ketosis. It acts as a precursor of ruminal propionate, facilitating gluconeogenesis in the liver. Studies have shown that oral administration of PG increases plasma glucose levels and reduces levels of ketone bodies such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cows.
• Versatile Applications: Beyond its use as an antifreeze agent and solvent, propylene glycol serves as a surfactant, moisturizer, and preservative. It finds applications in detergent formulations and as a component in various consumer products.
• Synthesis and Production: Propylene glycol can be obtained through the hydrolysis of propylene oxide, which is derived from propylene hydrochloride originating from the petrochemical industry. However, there are emerging methods for producing propylene glycol from renewable sources, such as hydrogenolysis of glycerol. When hydrogen is sourced from renewable energy, the resulting propylene glycol can be considered completely renewable, contributing to efforts to decarbonize production processes.

Technology Process of Propylene Glycol

There total 731 articles about Propylene Glycol which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 40.6%

cellulose (9004-34-6) → propylene glycol (57-55-6,63625-56-9) + 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol (2319-57-5,2418-52-2,6968-16-7,7493-90-5,7541-59-5,10030-58-7,188346-77-2,149-32-6) + ethylene glycol (107-21-1) + 1,2-dihydroxybutane (584-03-2)

Guidance literature:

With ruthenium-carbon composite; hydrogen; In water; at 215 ℃; for 1.5h; under 39003.9 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Catalytic behavior; Autoclave;

DOI:10.1039/c6ra27524a

Reference yield: 28.5%

carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + propylene glycol (57-55-6,63625-56-9) + 1,4-Pentanediol (626-95-9) + 1 ,5-pentanediol (111-29-5) + Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4) + diethyl ether (60-29-7,927820-24-4) + methane (34557-54-5,27936-85-2) + ethanol (64-17-5) + (+/-)-2-pentanol (6032-29-7,13403-73-1) + 1.3-butanediol (18826-95-4,107-88-0) + 1,2-pentanediol (5343-92-0) + ethane (74-84-0) + propane (74-98-6) + Dimethyl ether (115-10-6,157621-61-9) + ethyl methyl ether (540-67-0) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2-pentanol (584-02-1) + pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + 1,3-pentanediol (3174-67-2) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0,8013-70-5) + iso-butanol (78-92-2,15892-23-6) + tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) + 1,2-dihydroxybutane (584-03-2)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; Cu/Co/Al; at 260 - 320 ℃; under 45004.5 - 75007.5 Torr; Conversion of starting material;

Reference yield: 28.5%

carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → methanol (67-56-1) + propan-1-ol (71-23-8) + propylene glycol (57-55-6,63625-56-9) + 1,4-Pentanediol (626-95-9) + 1 ,5-pentanediol (111-29-5) + Butane-1,4-diol (110-63-4) + diethyl ether (60-29-7,927820-24-4) + ethanol (64-17-5) + (+/-)-2-pentanol (6032-29-7,13403-73-1) + 1.3-butanediol (18826-95-4,107-88-0) + 1,2-pentanediol (5343-92-0) + Dimethyl ether (115-10-6,157621-61-9) + ethyl methyl ether (540-67-0) + 2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + 2-pentanol (584-02-1) + pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + 1,3-pentanediol (3174-67-2) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0,8013-70-5) + iso-butanol (78-92-2,15892-23-6) + tert-butyl alcohol (75-65-0) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) + 1,2-dihydroxybutane (584-03-2)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; Zn/Cr/K; at 350 - 420 ℃; under 75007.5 - 135014 Torr; Conversion of starting material;

upstream raw materials:

ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate

propene

1,2-Dichloropropane

1,2-Dibromopropane

Downstream raw materials:

2-(furan-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane

cinnamaldehyde propylene glycol acetal

4-methyl-2-phenoxy-[1,3,2]dioxaphospholane

4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane

Refernces

• 1、 Yun, Yang Sik,Park, Dae Sung,Yi, Jongheop. "Effect of nickel on catalytic behaviour of bimetallic Cu-Ni catalyst supported on mesoporous alumina for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol". . p. 3191 - 3202. Retrieved 2014.
• 2、 Gu, Minyan,Shen, Zheng,Zhang, Wei,Xia, Meng,Jiang, Jikang,Dong, Wenjie,Zhou, Xuefei,Zhang, Yalei. "Hydrogenolysis of Glucose into Propylene Glycol over Pt/SiO2@Mg(OH)2 Catalyst". . p. 3447 - 3452. Retrieved 2020.
• 3、 Popova et al.. "". . . Retrieved 1974.
• 4、 Wolyniak, Christopher J.,Sacks, Gavin L.,Metzger, Sara K.,Brenna, J. Thomas. "Determination of intramolecular δ13C from incomplete pyrolysis fragments. Evaluation of pyrolysis-induced isotopic fractionation in fragments from the lactic acid analogue propylene glycol". . p. 2752 - 2757. Retrieved 2006.
• 5、 Zhou, Jinxia,Guo, Liyuan,Guo, Xinwen,Mao, Jingbo,Zhang, Shuguang. "Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols on supported Cu-containing bimetallic catalysts". . p. 1835 - 1843. Retrieved 2010.
• 6、 Heldebrant, David J.,Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari. "Catalytic coproduction of methanol and glycol in one pot from epoxide, CO2, and H2". . p. 42557 - 42563. Retrieved 2020.
• 7、 Yang, Fu,Wang, Bangbang,Zhou, Shijian,Yang, Xiaoning,Kong, Yan. "Template-induced: In situ dispersion of enhanced basic-sites on sponge-like mesoporous silica and its improved catalytic property". . p. 91968 - 91980. Retrieved 2016.
• 8、 Iqbal, Sarwat,Kondrat, Simon A.,Jones, Daniel R.,Schoenmakers, Dani?l C.,Edwards, Jennifer K.,Lu, Li,Yeo, Benjamin R.,Wells, Peter P.,Gibson, Emma K.,Morgan, David J.,Kiely, Christopher J.,Hutchings, Graham J.. "Ruthenium Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon: An Active Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Lactic Acid to 1,2-Propanediol". . p. 5047 - 5059. Retrieved 2015.
• 9、 Gatti, Martín N.,Pompeo, Francisco,Santori, Gerardo F.,Nichio, Nora N.. "Bio-propylene glycol by liquid phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol with Ni/SiO2-C catalysts". . p. 26 - 34. Retrieved 2017.
• 10、 Liu, Zhuo,Zhao, Wenbo,Xiao, Fukui,Wei, Wei,Sun, Yuhan. "One-pot synthesis of propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol over strong basic catalyst". . p. 675 - 678. Retrieved 2010.