104-76-7Relevant articles and documents
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Haeusermann
, p. 1211,1214 (1951)
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Non-Oxidative Dehydrogenation Pathways for the Conversion of C2-C4 Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds
Shylesh, Sankaranarayanapillai,Kim, Daeyoup,Ho, Christopher R.,Johnson, Gregory R.,Wu, Jason,Bell, Alexis T.
, p. 3959 - 3962 (2015)
Gold nanoparticles (NPs) supported on hydrotalcite (Au/HT) are highly active and selective catalysts for the continuous, gas-phase, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of bioderived C2-C4 alcohols. A sharp increase in turn over frequency (TOF) is noted when the size of Au NPs is less than 5 'nm relating to the strong synergy between metallic Au NPs and the acid-base groups on the support surface. It is shown that catalytic activity depends critically on Au NP size, support composition, and support pretreatments. A reaction pathway elucidated from kinetic isotope effects suggests that the abstraction of β-H by Au NPs (C-H activation) is the rate-determining step in the dehydrogenation of bioderived C2-C4 alcohols. All that′s good is gold: Gold nanoparticles supported on calcined hydrotalcite (Au/HT) are highly active and very selective catalysts for the continuous, gas-phase, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of bioderived C2-C4 alcohols.
Catalytic Upgrading of Ethanol to n-Butanol via Manganese-Mediated Guerbet Reaction
Kulkarni, Naveen V.,Brennessel, William W.,Jones, William D.
, p. 997 - 1002 (2018)
Replacement of precious metal catalysts in the Guerbet upgrade of ethanol to n-butanol with first-row metal complex catalysts is highly appreciated due to their economic and environmental friendliness. The manganese pincer complexes of the type [(RPNP)MnBr(CO)2] (R = iPr, Cy, tBu, Ph or Ad) are found to be excellent catalysts for upgrading ethanol to n-butanol. Under suitable reaction conditions and with an appropriate base, about 34% yield of n-butanol can be obtained in high selectivity. A detailed account on the effect of the temperature, solvent, nature, and proportion of base used and the stereoelectronic effects of the ligand substituents on the catalytic activity of the catalysts as well as the plausible deactivation pathways is presented.
A STUDY OF POLYFUNCTIONAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS. COMMUNICATION 7. CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF METAL-M1+NaX ZEOLITE SYSTEMS IN THE HYDROCONDENSATION OF BUTYRALDEHYDE
Minachev, Kh. M.,Isakov, Ya. I.,Isakova, T. A.,Usachev, N. Ya.
, p. 274 - 279 (1986)
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Direct self-condensation of bio-alcohols in the aqueous phase
Xu, Guoqiang,Lammens, Tijs,Liu, Qiang,Wang, Xicheng,Dong, Linlin,Caiazzo, Aldo,Ashraf, Nadim,Guan, Jing,Mu, Xindong
, p. 3971 - 3977 (2014)
Bio-alcohols (e.g. ethanol, butanol) are primarily obtained as diluted aqueous solutions from biomass fermentation, and thus the subsequent isolation is a very costly process. So the direct transformation of bio-alcohols in water will have great advantages. This study describes the development of catalysts used for the self-condensation of bio-alcohols in water (that mimic the primary fermentation solutions). Efficient iridium catalysts have been developed rationally from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and the immobilized catalysts could be reused without any loss of activity, which is very important for the development of practical processes. The expected self-condensation could be realized with 80-90% selectivity in water and air. Such a protocol might be used for producing butanol from ethanol solution directly, which is an improved higher-alcohol biofuel. Other useful chemicals, such as 2-ethylhexanol, could also be obtained from renewable resources through this condensation reaction. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Berberisinol, a New Flavone from Berberis baluchistanica
Pervez, Samreen,Saeed, Muhammad,Ali, Muhammad Shaiq,Fatima, Itrat,Khan, Haroon,Ullah, Irfan
, p. 247 - 251 (2019)
A new flavone, berberisinol (1), has been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of Berberis baluchistanica, along with known compounds, palmatine (2), berberine (3), 8-oxoberberine (4), β-sitosterol (5), oleanolic acid (6), and gallic acid (7), isolated for the first time from this species. Spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR were used for structural elucidation. Berberisinol (1) showed significant antibacterial and antioxidant potential.
Decomposition of trichlorobenzene with different radicals generated by alternating current electrolysis in aqueous solution
Nakamura, Akinobu,Hirano, Keiji,Iji, Masatoshi
, p. 802 - 803 (2005)
Trichlorobenzenes can be easily decomposed by alternating current electrolysis in aqueous solution. The mechanism of the decomposition was found to be based on selective redox reactions with different radicals - hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals - generated by water electrolysis. Copyright
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Dvornikoff,Farrar
, p. 540 (1957)
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Successive vapour phase Guerbet condensation of ethanol and 1-butanol over Mg-Al oxide catalysts in a flow reactor
Larina, Olga V.,Valihura, Karina V.,Kyriienko, Pavlo I.,Vlasenko, Nina V.,Balakin, Dmytro Yu.,Khalakhan, Ivan,?endak, Toma?,Soloviev, Sergiy O.,Orlyk, Svitlana M.
, (2019)
The successive vapour phase condensation of ethanol and 1-butanol (via Guerbet reaction) in a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure was studied over catalytic Mg-Al oxide compositions. Wherein the vapour phase condensation of 1-butanol to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in flow has been investigated for the first time. The acid/base capacity ratio, which is determined by the Mg/Al ratio, is an important characteristic for the activity and selectivity of Mg-Al oxide catalysts in the abovementioned processes. The carbon chain length of the reacting alcohols, an arrangement of surface active sites and other steric factors also have an impact on Guerbet condensation in the vapour phase. High productivity of Mg-Al oxide system to the Guerbet alcohols: 1-butanol – 25 g/(Lcat·h), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol – 19 g/(Lcat·h), has been achieved. The results have shown a prospect of successive conversion realization: 1) ethanol → 1-butanol; 2) 1-butanol → 2-ethyl-1-hexanol for the production of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol from ethanol.
THE RUTHENIUM COMPLEX-CATALYZED REDUCTION OF KETONES BY FORMIC ACID
Watanabe, Yoshihisha,Ota, Tetsuo,Tsuji, Yasushi
, p. 1585 - 1586 (1980)
An equimolar mixture of a ketone and formic acid was heated without solvent at 125 degC for 3 h in the presence of catalytic amount of dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) to give the corresponding secondary alcohols in excellent yields.
Isakov et al.
, (1972)
Direct synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol via n-butanal aldol condensation-hydrogenation reaction integration over a Ni/Ce-Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst
Liang, Ning,Zhang, Xiaolong,An, Hualiang,Zhao, Xinqiang,Wang, Yanji
, p. 2959 - 2972 (2015)
Direct synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol from n-butanal via the reaction integration of n-butanal self-condensation with 2-ethyl-2-hexenal hydrogenation is of crucial interest for industrial production of 2-ethylhexanol. Furthermore, as an important and versatile chemical, n-butanol can be produced simultaneously by reaction integration. In the present work, several bifunctional catalysts based on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by the impregnation method and were characterized by means of H2-TPR, XRD, TEM and H2-TPD, and their catalytic performance for direct synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol from n-butanal was investigated. The results showed that Co/Al2O3 had a low activity for hydrogenation and Cu/Al2O3 had a high selectivity for the hydrogenation of the C=O group while a Ru/Al2O3 catalyst only favored the hydrogenation of n-butanal to n-butanol. Among them, the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst showed the best catalytic performance and the yield of 2-ethylhexanol was the highest (49.4%). Ce-modified Ni/Al2O3 enhanced the competitiveness of aldol condensation versus hydrogenation of n-butanal and improved the selectivity of 2-ethylhexanol; the yield of 2-ethylhexanol rose to 57.8%. Then the influence of preparation conditions on the catalytic performance of Ni/Ce-Al2O3 was investigated and the suitable preparation conditions were obtained as follows: Ni loading = 10%, calcined at 550 °C for 5 h, and reduced at 570 °C for 4 h. The effect of reaction conditions on the integration reaction catalyzed by Ni/Ce-Al2O3 was investigated and the suitable reaction conditions were obtained as follows: weight percentage of Ni/Ce-Al2O3 = 15%, reaction temperature = 170 °C, reaction pressure = 4.0 MPa and reaction time = 8 h. Under the above reaction conditions, the yield of 2-ethylhexanol attained 66.9% and that of n-butanol was 18.9%. In addition, the components existing in the integration reaction system were identified by GC-MS analysis, and the main by-products were n-butyl butyrate, 2-ethylhexyl butyrate, n-butyric acid, etc. Based on the analysis of the reaction system, a reaction network for the direct synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol from n-butanal was proposed. Finally, an evaluation of the reusability of Ni/Ce-Al2O3 showed that the recovered Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst lost its catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of the C=O group. The main reason for deactivation was that Ni species were covered by the flaky boehmite γ-AlO(OH) formed from the hydration of γ-Al2O3 in the reaction process.
Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Guerbet Catalyst Effectively Differentiates between Ethanol and Butanol
Neumann, Constanze N.,Rozeveld, Steven J.,Yu, Mingzhe,Rieth, Adam J.,Dincǎ, Mircea
, p. 17477 - 17481 (2019)
RuNi nanoparticles supported on a metal-organic framework (RuNi?MOF) and formed in situ from a ruthenium complex enclosed inside a nickel-based MOF act as a highly active catalyst for the Guerbet reaction of ethanol to 1-butanol, providing turnover numbers up to 725 000 Ru-1. Negligible activity of the RuNi?MOF ethanol upgrading catalyst system toward chemically similar 1-butanol makes it possible to synthesize the competent Guerbet substrate 1-butanol with >99% selectivity.
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Miller,Bennett
, p. 33,34 (1961)
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Catalytic performance of Ni/Γ-Al2O3 for hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-2-hexenal
Zhao, Lili,Wang, Yi,An, Hualiang,Zhao, Xinqiang,Wang, Yanji
, p. 74 - 77 (2018)
The effect of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance of Ni/γ-Al2O3 was investigated and the result showed that Ni/γ-Al2O3 showed excellent catalytic activity. However, the catalytic performance of the recovered Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst declined dramatically. The fresh and the recovered catalysts were comparatively analyzed by means of XRD, XPS and FT-IR techniques. The result demonstrated that the main reason for the activity decline of the recovered Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is that the surface Ni has been reoxidized to NiO. After calcination and reduction, the recovered Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst could be reused four times without a significant decrease in its catalytic performance.
Ir(NHC)-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-Alkylated Alcohols via Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy: Influence of Bimetallic Structure
Sung, Kihyuk,Lee, Mi-hyun,Cheong, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Yu Kwon,Yu, Sungju,Jang, Hye-Young
supporting information, p. 3090 - 3097 (2021/05/10)
Multi N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-modified iridium catalysts were employed in the β-alkylation of alcohols; dimerization of primary alcohols (Guerbet reaction), cross-coupling of secondary and primary alcohols, and intramolecular cyclization of alcohols. Mechanistic studies of Guerbet reaction, including kinetic experiments, mass analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, were employed to explain the fast reaction promoted by bimetallic catalysts, and the dramatic reactivity increase of monometallic catalysts at the late stage of the reaction. (Figure presented.).
READILY BIODEGRADABLE ALKOXYLATE MIXTURES
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Paragraph 0040-0043, (2021/05/14)
A mixture of octanols, nonanols and decanols is useful for the preparation of alkoxylates, which alkoxylates may be used as surfactants, which surfactants have surprisingly good biodegradability.
