75-50-3Relevant articles and documents
Aylett, B. J.,Campbell, J. M.
, (1967)
Cahn
, p. 702,704 (1930)
Novel self assembling nanoparticles for the oral administration of fondaparinux: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation
Ralay-Ranaivo, Bettina,Desma?le, Didier,Bianchini, Elsa P.,Lepeltier, Elise,Bourgaux, Claudie,Borgel, Delphine,Pouget, Thierry,Tranchant, Jean Fran?ois,Couvreur, Patrick,Gref, Ruxandra
, p. 323 - 331 (2014)
Fondaparinux (Fpx) is the anticoagulant of choice in the treatment of short- and medium-term thromboembolic disease. To overcome the low oral bioavailability of Fpx, a new nanoparticulate carrier has been developed. The nanoparticles (NPs) contain squalenyl derivatives, known for their excellent oral bioavailability. They spontaneously self-assemble upon both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the polyanionic Fpx and cationic squalenyl (CSq) derivatives. The preparation conditions were optimized to obtain monodisperse, stable NPs with a mean diameter in the range of 150-200 nm. The encapsulation efficiencies were around 80%. Fpx loadings reached 39 wt.%. According to structural and morphological analysis, Fpx and CSq organized in spherical multilamellar ("onion-type") nanoparticles. Furthermore, in vivo studies in rats suggested that Fpx was well absorbed from the orally administered NPs, which totally dissociated when reaching the blood stream, leading to the release of free Fpx. The Fpx:CSq NPs improved the plasmatic concentration of Fpx in a dose-dependent manner. However, the oral bioavailability of these new NPs remained low (around 0.3%) but of note, the Cmax obtained after oral administration of 50 mg/kg NPs was close to the prophylactic plasma concentration needed to treat venous thromboembolism. Moreover, the oral bioavailability of Fpx could be dramatically increased up to 9% by including the nanoparticles into gastroresistant capsules. This study opens up new perspectives for the oral administration of Fpx and paves the way towards elaborating squalene-based NPs which self assemble without the need of covalently grafting the drug to Sq.
Replica of a fishy enzyme: Structure-function analogue of trimethylamine-n-oxide reductase
Moula, Golam,Bose, Moumita,Sarkar, Sabyasachi
, p. 5316 - 5327 (2013)
Three new complexes, [MoIVO(mnt)(SS)]2- (SS = dimethylethylenedicarboxylate (DMED), toluenedithiolate (tdt), benzenedithiolate (bdt); mnt = maleonitriledithiolate), each possessing two different dithiolene ligands, are synthesized as model of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase. The asymmetric dithiolene ligands present in these complexes simulate the two different (P and Q) pterin coordinations in the family of DMSO reductase. These complexes reduce trimethylamine-N-oxide ((CH3)3N +-O- or TMANO), the biological substrate of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase, to trimethylamine ((CH3) 3N), responsible for the fishy smell of dead aquatic animals. The reaction kinetics of trimethylamine-N-oxide reduction by these complexes follow the Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. These experimental findings have been rationalized by DFT, TD-DFT level of calculations.
Husemann
, (1875)
Heterogeneous platinum catalysts for direct synthesis of trimethylamine by N-methylation of ammonia and its surrogates with CO2/H2
Toyao, Takashi,Siddiki, S. M. A. Hakim,Ishihara, Keisuke,Kon, Kenichi,Onodera, Wataru,Shimizu, Ken-Ichi
, p. 68 - 70 (2017)
Direct synthesis of trimethylamine through N-methylation of NH3 or its surrogate (NH4HCO3) with both CO2 and H2 has been achieved by employing Pt and MoOx coloaded TiO2 (Pt-MoOx/TiO2). Pt-MoOx/TiO2 was found to be superior to other supported Pt and transition-metal-loaded MoOx/TiO2 catalysts for the trimethylamine synthesis process.
Aylett, B. J.,Campbell, J. M.
, (1969)
Deoxygenation of primary amides to amines with pinacolborane catalyzed by Ca[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2
Gong, Mingliang,Guo, Chenjun,Jiang, Linhong,Luo, Yunjie,Yu, Chong
supporting information, p. 1201 - 1206 (2021/05/29)
Deoxygenative reduction of amides is a challenging but favorable synthetic method of accessing amines. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Ca[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2, pinacolborane (HBpin) could efficiently reduce a broad scope of amides, primary amides in particular, into corresponding amines. Functional groups and heteroatoms showed good tolerance in this process of transformation, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Reduction of Amides to Amines with Pinacolborane Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Lanthanum Catalyst La(CH2C6H4NMe2- o)3@SBA-15
Guo, Chenjun,Zhang, Fangcao,Yu, Chong,Luo, Yunjie
supporting information, p. 13122 - 13135 (2021/08/31)
Hydroboration of amides is a useful synthetic strategy to access the corresponding amines. In this contribution, it was found that the supported lanthanum benzyl material La(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3@SBA-15 was highly active for the hydroboration of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides to amines with pinacolborane. These reactions selectively produced target amines and showed good tolerance for functional groups such as -NO2, -halogen, and -CN, as well as heteroatoms such as S and O. This reduction procedure exhibited the recyclable and reusable property of heterogeneous catalysts and was applicable to gram-scale synthesis. The reaction mechanisms were proposed based on some control experiments and the previous literature. This is the first example of hydroborative reduction of amides to amines mediated by heterogeneous catalysts.
CONSTANT SHEAR CONTINUOUS REACTOR DEVICE
-
, (2021/02/12)
Disclosed herein is a constant shear continuous reactor device, comprising: an annular gas delivery tube comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a first annular liquid delivery tube comprising a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet arranged concentrically around the annular gas delivery tube along a common axis, where the first liquid outlet is located at a downstream position relative to the gas outlet or is coterminous with the gas outlet; and an annular reactor wall tube comprising a final liquid inlet, a mixing zone section and a reactor outlet, where the annular reactor wall tube is arranged concentrically around the first annular liquid delivery tube along the common axis.