91-59-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Mutagenicity and aromatic amine content of fumes from heated cooking oils produced in Taiwan
Chiang, Tai-An,Pei-Fen, Wu,Ying, Liao Su,Wang, Li-Fang,Ko, Ying Chin
, p. 125 - 134 (1999)
According to toxicological studies, there are several unidentified mutagens derived from cooking oil fumes appearing in kitchens of Chinese homes where women daily prepare food. Data are limited to an analysis of aromatic amines from cooking oil fumes, which are known to be carcinogenic for bladder cancer. Fume samples from three different commercial cooking oils frequently used in Taiwan were collected and analysed for mutagenicity in the almonella/microsome assay. Aromatic amines were extracted from the samples and identified by HPLC and confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Extracts from three cooking oil fumes were found to be mutagenic in the presence of S-9 mix. All samples contained 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). Concentrations of 2-NA and 4-ABP were 31.5 and 35.7 μg/m3 in fumes from sunflower oil, 31.9 and 26.4 mg/m3 in vegetable oil, and 48.3 and 23.3 μg/m3 in refined-lard oil, respectively. Mutagenicities of the three cooking oil condensates were significantly reduced (P 0.05) by adding the antioxidant catechin (CAT) into the oils before heating. Significant difference existed between the amounts of aromatic amines with and without adding CAT (P 0.05). These results indicate that exposure to cooking oil fumes in Taiwan might be an important but controllable risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Novel aminopeptidase specific for glycine from Actinomucor elegans.
Ito, Kiyoshi,Ma, Xiaohang,Azmi, Nik,Huang, Hua-Shan,Fujii, Mikio,Yoshimoto, Tadashi
, p. 83 - 88 (2003)
Glycyl aminopeptidase was purified 600-fold from a cell extract of Actinomucor elegans by ammonium sulfate fractionation and sequential chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl, Toyopearl HW65C, and FPLC-Superdex 200 HR, with recovery of 3.3% of the activity. The enzyme highly specifically hydrolyzed Gly-X (amino acid, peptide, or arylamide) bonds. The enzyme hydrolyzed other amino acid residues but at a rate of less than one fifth that with Gly. The order was Gly >> Ala >> Met > Arg > Ser > Leu. The Km value for glycyl-2-naphthylamide was 0.24 mM. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.0 with glycyl-2-naphthylamide as the substrate and its optimal temperature was 40 degrees C. The enzyme was inhibited by iodoacetic acid, and p-chloromercuribenzoate but not done by diisopropylfluorophosphate, o-phenanthroline, or EDTA. Magnesium and calcium had no effect on enzymic activity, but the activity was suppressed by cadmium, zinc, and copper ions. The molecular mass was estimated to be 320 kDa by gel filtration on FPLC-Superdex 200 HR and 56.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE, so the enzyme probably was a hexamer.
Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Amination with Redox-Active Aminating Reagents: A Direct Approach to Anilines?
Qiu, Xu,Wang, Yachong,Su, Lingyu,Jin, Rui,Song, Song,Qin, Qixue,Li, Junhua,Zong, Baoning,Jiao, Ning
supporting information, p. 3011 - 3016 (2021/09/13)
Amines are among the most fundamental motifs in chemical synthesis, and the introduction of amine building blocks via selective C—C bond cleavage allows the construction of nitrogen compounds from simple hydrocarbons through direct skeleton modification. Herein, we report a novel method for the preparation of anilines from alkylarenes via Schmidt-type rearrangement using redox-active amination reagents, which are easily prepared from hydroxylamine. Primary amines and secondary amines were prepared from corresponding alkylarenes or benzyl alcohols under mild conditions. Good compatibility and valuable applications of the transformation were also displayed.
Copper-Catalysed Electrophilic Amination of Aryl(alkenyl) Boronic Acids with Nitrogen-Containing Hypervalent Iodine (III) Reagent
Hu, Yuanyuan,Zheng, Songlin,Fan, Wu,Yuan, Weiming
supporting information, p. 4701 - 4707 (2021/08/23)
A copper-catalysed electrophilic N-imination of aryl(alkenyl) boronic acids with a stable hypervalent iodine(III) reagent containing a transferable (diarylmethylene)amino group is developed. The electrophilic C?N cross-coupling reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature under oxidant-free and base-free conditions, which is further characterized by the broad functional group compatibility, thereof, extending the N-electrophile scope of electrophilic C?N cross-coupling outside the limitation of N?O and N?Cl reagents. (Figure presented.).
Method for synthesizing heteroatom- substituted aromatic compound from styrene compound
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Paragraph 0288-0291, (2021/02/06)
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a heteroatom-substituted aromatic compound from a styrene compound, which comprises the following steps of: mixing a styrene compound with a general formula (I) and a heteroatom-containing compound with a general formula (II), and reacting in the presence of an acid additive and an organic solvent to obtain a heteroatom-substituted compound with ageneral formula (III). According to the synthesis method disclosed by the invention, a large amount of styrene compounds are used as raw materials and react to generate aromatic amine or phenol compounds under the action of no metal catalysis; and compared with the traditional aromatic amine and phenol synthesis method, the method has the advantages of high yield, simple conditions, low waste discharge amount, no metal participation, simple reaction equipment, easiness in industrial production and the like.
Synthesis of Substituted Anilines from Cyclohexanones Using Pd/C-Ethylene System and Its Application to Indole Synthesis
Maeda, Katsumi,Matsubara, Ryosuke,Hayashi, Masahiko
supporting information, p. 1530 - 1534 (2021/03/08)
The synthesis of anilines and indoles from cyclohexanones using a Pd/C-ethylene system is reported. A simple combination of NH4OAc and K2CO3 under nonaerobic conditions was found to be the most suitable to perform this reaction. Hydrogen transfer between cyclohexanone and ethylene generates the desired products. The reaction tolerates a variety of substitutions on the starting cyclohexanones.
Novel environment-friendly production process for preparing amine product and H - acid through silane chemical reduction of several nitro compounds
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Paragraph 0046-0048, (2021/09/08)
The invention relates to the field of new materials for fine chemicals, and relates to a reduction reaction of a series of nitro compounds, in particular to m-nitroaniline. Several particular important amine compounds such as m-phenylenediamine, 5 - amino o-cresol, 2 - methyl p-phenylenediamine, 1/2 - naphthylamine, H - acid amine and 2, 4, 6 - trimethyl-M-phenylenediamine are prepared from the corresponding mono-or double-nitro compound precursors with a new environmental protection production process technology of and acids derived from the novel process technology. H.
Composite of β-cyclodextrin and bentonite clay: a promising support for Pd immobilization and developing a catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild reaction condition
Koohestani, Fatemeh,Sadjadi, Samahe
supporting information, (2020/12/21)
In attempt to take advantages of naturally occurring compounds for the catalysis, a novel composite composed of β-cyclodextrin, dendrimer and bentonite clay is fabricated and utilized as a support for the stabilization of Pd nanoparticles. To prepare the support, bentonite is amino functionalized and then successively reacted with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and ethylenediamine to furnish a dendrimer of generation II on bentonite. Afterwards, the terminal functionalities of the dendrimer were adorned with cyclodextrin. Bentonite played role in the heterogenation of the catalyst and improvement of the stability of the composite while, cyclodextrins served as molecular shuttles and capping agent for the as-prepared Pd nanoparticles. Dendrimer with multi nitrogen atoms, on the other hand, improved Pd anchoring through electrostatic interactions. The catalyst was applied for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild reaction condition in aqueous media in a selective manner. Notably, the catalyst could be recovered and reused repeatedly.
A convenient Hofmann reaction of carboxamides and cyclic imides mediated by trihaloisocyanuric acids
Bastos, Gustavo A.,de Mattos, Marcio C.S.
, (2021/09/29)
A simple, efficient and pot-economic approach in a single vessel has been developed for conversion of aromatic and aliphatic carboxamides into primary amines with one fewer carbom atom (Hofmann reaction) in 38–89 % yield by reacting with trichloro- or tribromoisocyanuric acid and sodium hydroxide in aqueous acetonitrile. Under the same reaction conditions, cyclic imides gave amino acids (69–83 %). The role of the trihaloisocyanuric acids is the in situ generation of N-haloamides, key-intermediates for the Hofmann reaction. The scalability of the methodology was demonstrated by a multigram-scale transformation of phthalimide into anthranilic acid in 77 % yield.
Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines to Benzothiazoles via Cross Coupling of Amines and Arene Thiolation Sequence
Kim, Jihyeon,Oh, Kyungsoo
supporting information, p. 3576 - 3582 (2020/08/05)
A one-pot three-component synthesis of benzothiazoles has been developed using the copper-catalyzed aerobic cross coupling of amines followed by arene thiolation using elemental sulfur. The dual roles of elemental sulfur and CuCl(OH)-TMEDA in the aerobic amine oxidation and the aniline thiolation enable the facile access to benzothiazole derivatives from readily available starting materials. The operational simplicity of the current promiscuous catalyst system suggests the high synthetic potential in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds. (Figure presented.).
