108-77-0 Usage
Chemical Description
Cyanuric chloride is a chemical used in the synthesis of the other compounds, while 4-aminobenzoic acid is a reactant that reacts with cyanuric chloride to form compound (2-5).
Chemical Description
Cyanuric chloride is a chemical compound with the formula (NCCl)3.
Chemical Description
Cyanuric chloride is used in the dehydration step of the synthesis to convert an alcohol group to a nitrile group.
Uses
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Cyanuric chloride is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of active dyes, agricultural products, and drug substances. It is also used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a coupling agent for nucleic acids and proteins.
Used in Pesticide Industry:
Cyanuric chloride is extensively used in the preparation of triazine-class pesticides and herbicides. It is also used as a precursor to dyes and crosslinking agents due to its reactive chlorine atoms towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Used in Agrochemicals:
Cyanuric chloride is an intermediate in the manufacture of agrochemicals, including triazine herbicides. It is also used in the production of dyestuffs, optical brighteners, tanning agents, softening agents, and pharmaceuticals.
Used in Dye Industry:
Cyanuric chloride is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of reactive dyes and is a raw material for the production of various organic industrial production additives, such as fluorescent brighteners, textile shrink-proof agents, and surface-active agents.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Cyanuric chloride derivatives possess a wide range of activities as antibacterial and anticancer agents, making them useful in the pharmaceutical industry.
Used in Other Industries:
Cyanuric chloride is used as a reagent for the conversion of alcohols to chlorides and for the immobilization of microorganisms and enzymes. It is also used as a block-builder for plastics and as one of the materials used in the manufacture of defense explosives and rubber accelerators.
Outline
Cyanuric chloride, white crystals with a strong irritant chlorine odor , is corrosive to the skin, having eye irritation and tearing property. Melting point 145 ℃, boiling point 190 ℃, UVλmax241nm (ethanol).it is Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, chloroform, acetic acid and acrylonitrile, insoluble in cold water. cooling of reaction of Cyanuric chloride and water is slow, when it is heated it is rapidly hydrolyzed to cyanuric acid (C3H3O3N3) and hydrochloric acid, the product are relatively soluble in water, so you can use the extraction method of separating. It Reacts With concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature to be partial conversion of cyanuric acid, and it reacts with the sodium alkoxide to generate cyanuric acid triester, and it can also react with ammonia, amines, phenols and so on.
In recent years, there is rapid growth in consumption of cyanuric chloride in China, from 1998 to 2004 the average annual growth rate of Apparent consumption was about 32.2% ,in 2005, cyanuric chloride demand reached 50,000 tons, according to forecasts, from 2007 to 2012 cyanuric chloride will continue rapid growth in average rate of 6.0% , the market is very promising. Since cyanuric chloride subsequent products are enormous , the market demand is large, national research institutions and related businesses have continued to develop its downstream products, and open cyanuric chloride applications. Therefore, the new product by the cyanuric chloride derivatives are emerging, the market demand will be further expanded.
Related cyanuric chloride chemical reactions involving:
After 2-amino-4-nitrophenol diazotization, and H acid coupling, and chromium, cobalt complex post-processing,it is first condensed with cyanuric chloride ,then after condensation with ammonia to get Reactive Black K-BR. It is Mainly used for cotton, polyester/cotton printing.
With cyanuric chloride as raw materials, in trichlorethylene solution at 20~30 ℃, with the amine reaction , 2,4-dichloro-6-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine is produced, and then it reacts with ammonia to produce 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino triazine, and then it reacts with 2-chloro-2-methyl propionitrile , which can generate selective herbicides cyanazine for control annual or perennial narrow leaves or broadleaf weeds in corn field.
production method
Cyanuric chloride production process usually consists of two steps : chloride cyanogen polymerization and chloride cyanogen preparation . There are many ways to generate chloride cyanogen, such as the synthesis of methyl thiocyanate and chlorine, hydrocyanic acid is dissolved in chloroform and chlorine gas is put in to synthesize , hydrocyanic acid method, sodium cyanide, urea, hydrocyanic acid direct method of chlorine and cyanuric chloride and the like, the current production of industrial cyanuric chloride generally uses sodium cyanide and hydrocyanic acid as raw materials in two ways. 1. Sodium cyanide method : using sodium cyanide as raw materials after the reaction of chlorine and cyanuric chloride, it is polymerized to form cyanuric chloride, it is quenched,then after crystallization ,the product is obtained. Material consumption fixed: sodium cyanide 1073kg/t, chlorine 1700kg/t. 2. The method of hydrocyanic acid :with hydrocyanic acid as raw materials ,chloride cyanogen is produced by the reaction of chlorine, and then use polymerization to generate cyanuric chloride, quench, crystallize , the product is obtained. Material consumption fixed: hydrocyanic acid 500kg/t, chlorine 1200kg/t.
Toxicity grading
Middle toxic
Acute toxicity
Oral-rat LD50: 485 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 350 mg/kg
Irritation data
skin-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours of moderate; Eyes-rabbit 0.05 mg/24 hours of severe
Flammability and hazard characteristics
When it contacts with water ,it emits toxic hydrogen chloride gas;when it is thermal it decomposes toxic hydrogen chloride gas
Storage Characteristics
Ventilated, low-temperature ,dry storeroom.it is stored separately from oxidants,and alkali.
Extinguishing agent
carbon dioxide, dry powder,sandy soil
Production Methods
Cyanuric chloride is obtained by the trimerization of cyanogen
chloride in organic solvents, in the presence of acidic
catalysts, and carried out in a gaseous phase at 200–500C.
Cyanuric chloride is used as a chemical intermediate. It is the
precursor to the herbicide atrazine.
Air & Water Reactions
Reacts exothermically with water, especially if catalyzed or heated, to generate fumes of hydrochloric acid. Very slightly soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Cyanuric chloride reacts rapidly and exothermically with water to generate hydrogen chloride. A mixture with water in an industrial reactor with refrigeration turned off developed pressure that blew gaskets and filled the building with flammable vapors. An explosion occurred when the vapors were ignited [MCA Case History 1869(1972)]. Runaway reactions have occurred with acetone/water; methanol/water, ethoxyethanol/water, allyl alcohol/sodium hydroxide/water, 2-butanone/sodium hydroxide/water, and methanol/sodium bicarbonate [Loss Prev. Bull., 1979, (25), 21]. Reacts with methanol to give gaseous methyl chloride. Reacts rapidly with bicarbonates to generate gaseous carbon dioxide. Reacts vigorously with dimethyl formamide (DMF) to form carbon dioxide after a deceptive induction period [BCISC Quart. Safety Summ., 1960, 35, 24]. Can react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions (such as combustion in the air).
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, and intravenous routes.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Experimental
reproductive effects. A corrosive. A skin and
severe eye irritant. An allergen. Has been
reported as causing irritation of mucous
membranes and heart rhythm disturbances
in humans. Violent reaction with water -
(above 30°C), acetone + water, methanol,
methanol + sodium hydrogen carbonate, 2-
ethoxyethanol, dimethyl formamide, 3-
butanone + sodium hydroxide + water, allyl
alcohol + sodium hydroxide + water (at
28℃). When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of Cland NOx. See also
CHLORIDES.
Purification Methods
TCT crystallises from CCl4 or pet ether (b 90-100o) and is dried under vacuum. It has also been recrystallised twice from anhydrous *benzene immediately before use [Abuchowski et al. J Biol Chem 252 3582 1977]. [Beilstein 26 III/IV 66.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 108-77-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,0 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 108-77:
(5*1)+(4*0)+(3*8)+(2*7)+(1*7)=50
50 % 10 = 0
So 108-77-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C3H2Cl3N3/c4-2-1-3(5)8-9(6)7-2/h1,7H
108-77-0Relevant articles and documents
Novel and gram-scale green synthesis of flutamide
Bandgar,Sawant
, p. 859 - 864 (2006)
Isobutyric acid in the presence of cyanuric chloride and N-methylmorpholine was converted into active ester 3 at 0-5°C, and it was subsequently treated with 3-aminobenzotrifluoride 4 at 25°C to furnish corresponding amide 5. This amide finally, on nitration, produced the desired product flutamide, 2-methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propionamide 6 in good yield. By-product 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine 7 was converted into the useful starting material cyanuric chloride 1 by refluxing with N,N-diethylamine and POCl3. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Structural design of small-molecule carbon-nitride dyes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Zheng, Jun-Feng,Xie, Zhi-Peng,Li, Zhen,Chen, Yong,Fang, Xin,Chen, Xiong,Lin, Mei-Jin
, (2020/11/02)
Carbon nitrides are an emerging class of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts but limited by the structural modifications. With the same central skeleton, small-molecule carbon-nitride dyes (also called heptazine dyes) have attracted widespread attention in the past decades. Herein, by introducing the electron-rich aryl substituents at three peripheral positions, four donor-acceptor (D-A) heptazine derivatives have been synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reactions, and their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties have been carefully investigated. Presumably, due to the most effective conjugation and reasonable HOMO and LUMO positions, the optimized heptazine 4 with three 4-methylbiphenyl substituents exhibited an impressive thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which indicated it possessed the maximized photoinduced charge separations, and thus presented the highest photocatalytic activity. This work not only contributes to the small-molecule carbon-nitride dyes, but also has an instructive significance on understanding the electron-transfer mechanism of carbon nitride photocatalysts at the molecular level.
4-Formyl amino-n-methylpiperidine derivatives, the use thereof as stabilisers and organic material stabilised therewith
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to 4-formylamino-N-methylpiperidine derivatives of the formula (I) where the variables are as defined in the Description, to a process for preparing these piperidine derivatives, to the use of these piperidine derivatives of the invention, or prepared according to the invention, for stabilizing organic material, in particular for stabilizing plastics or coating materials, and also to the use of these piperidine derivatives of the invention, or prepared according to the invention, as light stabilizers or stabilizers for wood surfaces. The present invention further relates to stabilized organic material which comprises these piperidine derivatives of the invention or prepared according to the invention.
Bix-azo naphthylene compounds and their use in compositions and inks for ink-jet printing
-
, (2008/06/13)
Compounds of the Formula (1) and salts thereof: wherein: each A independently is N, C—Cl, C—CN or C—NO2; each Ar independently is a substituted aryl group carrying a —COOH group ortho to the azo (—N═N—) group; L is an aliphatic group carrying a —COOH, —SO3H or —PO3H2group; each Z independently is —SR2, —OR3, —NR4R5or a labile atom or group; each X independently is —S—, —O— or —NR1—; each R1independently is H or optionally substituted alkyl; and R2, R3, R4and R5are independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl; or R4and R5together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an optionally substituted five or six membered ring, and their use in compositions and inks for ink jet printing processes and ink jet printer cartridges.
Compositions containing a liquid medium and an azo dye
-
, (2008/06/13)
A composition comprising: (a) a liquid medium comprising (i), (ii) or (iii): (i) a mixture of water and an organic solvent; (ii) an organic solvent free from water; or (iii) a low melting point solid; and (b) a dye of the Formula (1) or a salt thereof: ?wherein A, B, Z, L, R1and n are as defined in the description. Also claimed are certain dyes of Formula (1), inks, an ink jet printing process using the inks, a substrate printed with the inks, an ink jet printer cartridge containing the inks and an ink jet printer containing the ink jet printer cartridge.
Reactive dyes with a heterocyclic anchor
-
, (2008/06/13)
Reactive dyes of the formula I where a is 1 or 2, b is 0 or 1, Y is vinyl or a radical of the formula C2H4Q, where Q is an alkali-detachable group, Het is the radical of a 5- or 6-membered aromatic hetero-cyclic ring having from 1 to 3 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, W is either in case 1) the radical of a coupling component, of a monoazo dye or additionally, when b=0, of a disazo dye, which may each bear further fiber-reactive groups, or in case 2) the radical of a chromophore which optionally has further fiber-reactive groups and is derived from an optionally metallized mono- or disazo dye, a triphendioxazine, an anthraquinone, a metallized formazan or a metallized phthalocyanine, and L1and L2are each a bridge member, are useful for dyeing or printing hydroxyl-containing or nitrogenous substrates.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trisulfenyltrichloride: Synthesis, properties and reactions
Tripolt, Robert,Schmuck, Siegfried,Nachbaur, Edgar
, p. 609 - 616 (2007/10/03)
Various routes and improved experimental conditions for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trisulfenyltrichloride are reported and its reaction with water, alcohols, ammonia, and acetone investigated. The formation of the monomeric pseudohalogen halide NCS-Cl by degradation of the title compound under mass-spectrometry conditions has been observed.
Conjugates for tumor localization and/or tumor therapy
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to conjugates composed of a) at least one polyalcohol or a derivatized polyalcohol, b) at least one active agent, c) at least one linker and d) a protein, wherein the polyalcohol(s) or the derivatized polyalcohol(s) are polyalcohols or derivatized polyalcohols which are not recognized by the defense system of an organism as exogenous, and the protein is a protein which can be taken up by the tumor specifically or non-specifically, and is not recognized by the defense system of an organism as exogenous. These conjugates are suitable for, on the one hand, making possible a very sensitive method in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of tumors and, on the other hand, for example also offering new methods for diagnosing tumors in X-ray diagnosis, computerized tomography, nuclear spin tomography, electron spin resonance spectroscopy or electron microscopy.
Chlorothiatriazines
Chen, Shan-Jia,Behrens, Ulrich,Fischer, Eberhard,Mews, Ruediger,Pauer, Frank,et al.
, p. 2601 - 2608 (2007/10/02)
From (ClSN)3 (1) and ClCN (2) 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,2,4,6-dithiatriazine (ClCN)(ClSN)2 (3) was prepared in 26percent yield. 3 reacts slowly further with excess 2 to give thiatriazine (ClCN)2(ClSN) (14) and triazine (ClCN)3 (16).A mechanism for the (ClSN)/(ClCN) exchange is proposed.The structures of 3, 14, and 16 have been determined by X-ray diffraction.The bonding situation in the system (ClSN)n(ClCN)3-n (n = 0-3) is discussed. - Key Words: Thiatriazines, trichloro, preparation, structures / Calculations, MNDO
