88-18-6Relevant articles and documents
Iron-containing graphite as a Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalyst
Nagai,Kodomari,Omi,Yoda
, p. 105 - 112 (2001)
The activity of iron-containing graphites for the Friedel-Crafts reaction of phenol with tert-butyl halides was studied. The reaction of phenol with either different tert-butyl halides or tert-butyl alcohol on iron-containing graphite was conducted in a benzene solvent for 4 hr at 50°C. The Friedel-Crafts reaction of phenol with tert-butyl halides on graphite was in the following order: iodide > bromide > chloride. tert-Butyl iodide was the most active in the Friedel-Crafts of phenol in the presence of graphite, whereas it was the least reactive in the presence of AlCl3. AlCl3 was very highly active in phenol, while graphite was mildly reactive in phenol. The presence of iron accelerated the reaction of phenol with the tert-butyl halide on graphite to produced p-tert-butylphenol as the main product. The distance between the layers of graphite increased in the presence of both tert-butyl bromide and iron, but not in the presence of either the iron or tert-butyl bromide. tert-Butyl halide was first adsorbed on graphite and then dissociated to form tert-butyl and halogen ions. The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenol on graphite was accompanied by isomerization and dealkylation.
Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 using glucose as a templating precursor
Nandan, Devaki,Saxena, Sandeep K.,Viswanadham, Nagabhatla
, p. 1054 - 1059 (2014)
Various hierarchical ZSM-5 materials have been synthesized by adopting a novel concept using glucose as a precursor for the structure directing agent through a steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) process. The effect of the glucose/TEOS weight ratio was studied, and materials exhibiting different properties such as surface area, porosity and acidity were obtained by varying the concentration of glucose in the initial synthesis mixture. All the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TPD, and N2 adsorption-desorption and were studied for their performance towards the tertiary butylation of phenol reaction. The activities of all the hierarchical ZSM-5 materials synthesized by the present method were observed to be higher than that of the conventional ZSM-5. The optimal production of 2,4-di-tertiary butyl phenol over hierarchical ZSM-5 occurred at a reaction temperature of 150 °C after 7 h reaction time under solvent free conditions.
Hierarchical ZSM-5 nanocrystal aggregates: Seed-induced green synthesis and its application in alkylation of phenol with: Tert -butanol
Chen, Li,Xue, Teng,Wu, Haihong,Wu, Peng
, p. 2751 - 2758 (2018)
Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite aggregates were synthesized in an organic-template-free system via seed-induced crystallization. The obtained samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron mi
The t-butylation of phenol in supercritical carbon dioxide over H-Y zeolite. Remarkable enhancement of catalytic performance for the formation of 2,4-di-t-butylphenol
Kamalakar, Gunda,Komura, Kenichi,Sugi, Yoshihiro
, p. 1446 - 1447 (2005)
Remarkable enhancement of the formation of 2,4-di-t-butyl-phenol was observed in the t-butylation of phenol over H-Y zeolite under supercritical CO2 medium. Supercritical CO2 renders active sites free for the catalysis by fast remova
Selective alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol catalyzed by [bmim]PF6
Shen, Hao-Yu,Judeh, Zaher M. A.,Ching, Chi Bun
, p. 981 - 983 (2003)
Alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6), has been investigated. The effects of various parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, reactant ratio (mol ratio of phenol to that of TBA), and the amount of the ionic liquid used were studied. The [bmim]PF6 ionic liquid was found to catalyze the reaction with high conversion and good selectivity.
Polymer impregnated sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst for alkylation of phenol with methyl-tert-butyl ether
Khatri, Praveen K.,Manchanda, Manvi,Ghosh, Indrajit K.,Jain, Suman L.
, p. 3286 - 3290 (2015)
A polymer impregnated sulfonated carbon composite solid acid (P-C-SO3H) catalyst was synthesized via sulfonation of a composite material formed through incomplete carbonization of hydrolyzed glucose supported on a polymer matrix (co-polymer of styrene and chloromethylstyrene i.e. Merrifield's peptide resin) and used for the alkylation of phenol using methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as an alkylating agent in a pressure reactor under autogenous pressure. The developed catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity and provided para-tert-butyl phenol (PTBP) exclusively with the added benefits of facile recovery and reusability for several runs without loss of catalytic activity.
Selecting an optimum catalyst for producing para-tert-butylphenol by phenol alkylation with tert-butanol
Terekhov,Zanaveskin,Khadzhiev
, p. 714 - 717 (2017)
Results of testing various heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of p-tert-butylphenol via phenol alkylation with tert-butyl alcohol are presented. It has been shown that all other conditions being equal, zeolite beta produced by the Angarsk catalyst and organic synthesis plant possesses the highest catalytic activity and selectivity for the desired product.
Alkylation of Phenol with tert-Butanol in a Draining-Film Reactor
Maksimov, A. L.,Mel’chakov, I. S.,Terekhov, A. V.,Zanaveskin, L. N.
, p. 569 - 575 (2021/07/26)
The alkylation of phenol with tert-butanol in a displacement draining-film reactor on a heterogeneous catalyst, Beta zeolite, was evaluated. Optimum process conditions ensuring the maximal p-tert-butylphenol yield were determined: phenol:tert-butanol molar ratio (3–3.5):1, superficial liquid velocity 1.0–1.5 m3 m–2 h–1, and temperature 100°C–110°C. A procedure ensuring 100% conversion of tert-butanol and isobutylene (a by-product formed from tert-butanol) was observed.
Increasing the steric hindrance around the catalytic core of a self-assembled imine-based non-heme iron catalyst for C-H oxidation
Frateloreto, Federico,Capocasa, Giorgio,Olivo, Giorgio,Abdel Hady, Karim,Sappino, Carla,Di Berto Mancini, Marika,Levi Mortera, Stefano,Lanzalunga, Osvaldo,Di Stefano, Stefano
, p. 537 - 542 (2021/02/09)
Sterically hindered imine-based non-heme complexes4and5rapidly self-assemble in acetonitrile at 25 °C, when the corresponding building blocks are added in solution in the proper ratios. Such complexes are investigated as catalysts for the H2O2oxidation of a series of substrates in order to ascertain the role and the importance of the ligand steric hindrance on the action of the catalytic core1, previously shown to be an efficient catalyst for aliphatic and aromatic C-H bond oxidation. The study reveals a modest dependence of the output of the oxidation reactions on the presence of bulky substituents in the backbone of the catalyst, both in terms of activity and selectivity. This result supports a previously hypothesized catalytic mechanism, which is based on the hemi-lability of the metal complex. In the active form of the catalyst, one of the pyridine arms temporarily leaves the iron centre, freeing up a lot of room for the access of the substrate.
