Xi:Irritant;
110-56-5Relevant articles and documents
Determination of the hydrogen-bond basicity of weak and multifunctional bases: The case of lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane)
Ouvrard, Carole,Lucon, Maryvonne,Graton, Jerome,Berthelot, Michel,Laurence, Christian
, p. 56 - 64 (2004)
We made use of four methods for determining the hydrogen-bond (HB) basicity of lindane (λ-hexachlorocyclohexane): (i) experimental Fourier transform IR measurement of a sum of individual 1:1 equilibrium constants for the formation of 1:1 4-fluorophenol-lindane hydrogen-bonded complexes in CCl4; (ii) calculation of the overall HB basicity from octanol-water partition coefficients; (iii) correlation of the HB basicity of chloroalkanes with the electrostatic potentials around chlorine atoms; and (iv) correlation of the HB basicity of chloroalkanes with the computed enthalpy of their complexes with hydrogen fluoride. It is consistently found that lindane remains a weak HB base because multifunctionality cannot fully compensate for the electron-withdrawing inductive effects that chlorine atoms exert over one another. Actually, only five chlorine atoms behave as HB acceptors, one axial chlorine being deactivated by inductive effects. Stereoelectronic effects lead to the formation of three-centered hydrogen bonds. Copyright
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Gunstone,F.D.,Sykes,P.J.
, p. 3055 - 3058 (1962)
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Roesky, Herbert W.
, p. 1729 - 1732 (1989)
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Zhulin,Rubinshtein
, (1976)
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Fried,Kleene
, p. 2691 (1941)
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Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non-hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One-Pot, Atom-Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2–Carbon Nanocomposites
Escamilla-Pérez, Angel Manuel,Louvain, Nicolas,Boury, Bruno,Brun, Nicolas,Mutin, P. Hubert
, p. 4982 - 4990 (2018)
Mesoporous TiO2–carbon nanocomposites were synthesized using an original non-hydrolytic sol–gel (NHSG) route, based on the reaction of simple ethers (diisopropyl ether or tetrahydrofuran) with titanium tetrachloride. In this atom-economic, solvent-free process, the ether acts not only as an oxygen donor but also as the sole carbon source. Increasing the reaction temperature to 180 °C leads to the decomposition of the alkyl chloride by-product and to the formation of hydrocarbon polymers, which are converted to carbon by pyrolysis under argon. The carbon–TiO2 nanocomposites and their TiO2 counterparts (obtained by calcination) were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, XRD, solid state 13C NMR and Raman spectroscopies, SEM, and TEM. The nanocomposites are mesoporous with surface areas of up to 75 m2 g?1 and pore sizes around 10 nm. They are composed of aggregated anatase nanocrystals coated by an amorphous carbon film. Playing on the nature of the ether and on the reaction temperature allows control over the carbon content in the nanocomposites. The nature of the ether also influences the size of the TiO2 crystallites and the morphology of the nanocomposite. To further characterize the carbon coating, the behavior of the carbon-TiO2 nanocomposites and bare TiO2 samples toward lithium insertion–deinsertion was investigated in half-cells. This simple NHSG approach should provide a general method for the synthesis of a wide range of carbon–metal oxide nanocomposites.
Continuous method for preparation of dihalogenated alkane from diol compound
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Paragraph 0051-0054; 0069-0075, (2020/03/16)
The invention discloses a continuous method for preparation of dihalogenated alkane from a diol compound. A diol compound and haloid acid are used as the substrate, a microchannel reactor is utilizedto synthesize dihalogenated alkane continuously. Synthesis of the dihalogenated alkane includes the steps of: inputting the diol compound and haloid acid into a mixer respectively by a metering pump at room temperature, conducting premixing, then sending the mixture into a high-temperature section of the microchannel reactor at for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature by an externalcirculating heat exchange system; at the end of the reaction, letting the product flow out from an outlet of the microchannel reactor and enter a cooling section, letting the cooled material enter a liquid separation kettle for standing and liquid separation, and collecting an organic layer; and preheating the organic layer, then feeding the preheated organic layer into a rectifying tower by a metering pump, controlling the temperature and reflux ratio of a reboiler, and collecting fractions at a specific temperature, thus obtaining the target product in a product collecting tank. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of high reaction efficiency, safety, environmental protection, convenience and rapidity.
1,4-dichlorobutane production technology
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Paragraph 0026-0036, (2019/10/23)
The invention provides a 1,4-dichlorobutane production technology. The technology comprises the following steps: 1, preparing 1,4-butanediol, triphosgene, a catalyst and a reaction kettle with an elevated tank, wherein a molar ratio of the 1,4-butanediol to triphosgene is 1:(0.66-0.70); 2, pumping 60-90% of the 1,4-butanediol weighed in step 1 into the reaction kettle, heating the 1,4-butanediol to 40-70 DEG C, adding the triphosgene, and performing stirring until complete dissolving is achieved; 3, pumping the 1,4-butanediol remained the after step 1 and the catalyst into the elevated tank ofthe reaction kettle, performing dissolving until clarity in the reaction kettle, slowly dropwise adding a solution obtained in the elevated tank into the reaction kettle, and collecting a gas generated by a reaction; and 4, lowering the temperature to 0-30 DEG C after the reaction is finished, standing for layering, and collecting the obtained lower yellowish oily liquid to complete the preparation of 1,4-dichlorobutane. The 1,4-dichlorobutane production technology has the advantages of simplicity in operation, mild reaction conditions, greenness, no pollution, low carbon, environmental protection, and realization of large-scale production.
