5703-26-4

Basic information

• Product Name: 4-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE
• Synonyms: 2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)ACETALDEHYDE;AKOS BB-9815;4-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE;Benzeneacetaldehyde, 4-methoxy-;PARA-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE;(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanal;4-Methoxybenzeneacetaldehyde
• CAS NO: 5703-26-4
• Molecular Formula: C₉H₁₀O₂
• Molecular Weight: 150.17
• EINECS: 227-191-5
• Product Categories: Aromatic Aldehydes & Derivatives (substituted);Aldehydes;Phenyls & Phenyl-Het
• Mol File: 5703-26-4.mol
• Article Data: 167

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 0 °C
• Boiling Point: 255.5°C (estimate)
• Flash Point: 108.5 °C
• Appearance: Pale yellow clear liquid
• Density: 1.0960
• Vapor Pressure: 0.0162mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.5359 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: Inert atmosphere,Store in freezer, under -20°C
• Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly)
• Stability: Air Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive
• CAS DataBase Reference: 4-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 4-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE(5703-26-4)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 4-METHOXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE(5703-26-4)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 5703-26-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 31, p. 7499, 1990 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88528-7

InChI:InChI=1/C9H10O2/c1-11-9-4-2-8(3-5-9)6-7-10/h2-5,7H,6H2,1H3

Synthetic route

4-[(E)-2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-morpholine (80743-36-8) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With aq. acid for 1h; Ambient temperature;	100%

4-methoxy-phenyl acetic acid methyl ester (23786-14-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In toluene at -78℃; for 1.16667 - 1.25h;	100%
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In toluene at -70℃; for 0.5h;	81%
With diisobutylaluminium hydride In dichloromethane; toluene at -78℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;	80%

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol (702-23-8) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With Dess-Martin periodane In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;	100%
With Dess-Martin periodane In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;	100%
With Dess-Martin periodane In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 1h;	100%

Estragole (140-67-0) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,6-dimethylpyridine; osmium(VIII) oxide; [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; water In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere;	97%
Stage #1: Estragole With ozone In dichloromethane at -78℃; Stage #2: With (Z,Z,Z)-4,4'-bis[4-(diphenylphosphino)styryl]stilbene In dichloromethane at -78 - 23℃; for 0.5h; Stage #3: With erythrosine B In tetrahydrofuran for 1h; Irradiation;	91%
bei der Ozonspaltung;

1-azido-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ol → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With bis[dicarbonylcyclopentadienylruthenium(I)] In tetrahydrofuran-d8 at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation;	97%

2-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxirane (6388-72-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate In benzene at 45℃; for 2.5h;	96%
With indium(III) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.166667h; Rearrangement;	90%
With oxovanadium(V) ethoxydichloride In ethanol at 20℃; for 4h; Rearrangement;	90%

4-Methoxyphenethylamine (55-81-2) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With Halomonas elongata/Co imm pyridoxal phosphate In toluene at 37℃; for 0.25h; pH=7.5; Flow reactor; Enzymatic reaction;	95%

S-ethyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanethioate → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With triethylsilane; palladium on activated charcoal In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; Fukuyama reduction;	93%

(E/Z)-1-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyvinyl)benzene (101565-19-9) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With oxalyl dichloride In ethanol; chloroform; water at 20℃; for 1h;	93%
With formic acid In dichloromethane for 16h; Reflux;	85%
With trifluoroacetic acid In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere;	66%

4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol (105-13-5) + acetonitrile (75-05-8) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With C48H36Cl4N8Zn2(2+)*2Cl(1-); oxygen at 20℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Irradiation;	90.7%

4-Methoxystyrene (637-69-4) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; iron(II) tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate; iodosylbenzene In chloroform at 20℃; for 20h; Molecular sieve; regioselective reaction;	90%
With ammonium persulfate; Pd(E-2-(benzylthio)-N-{(2-methoxynaphthalene-1-yl)methylene}benzenamine)Cl; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate In water at 70℃; for 0.25h; Wacker Oxidation; Microwave irradiation; regioselective reaction;	85%
With iodosylbenzene; 5,5'-dinitro-N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) manganese(III)(hexafluorophosphate) In acetonitrile at 25℃;	48%

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + 4-methoxy-phenyl acetic acid methyl ester (23786-14-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With diisobutylaluminium hydride; sodium hydrogencarbonate In toluene	90%

(methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (4009-98-7) + 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (123-11-5) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride; 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran Wittig Olefination; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran; water Reflux;	90%
Stage #1: (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride With sodium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #3: With water; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃; for 6h;	53%

4-Methoxystyrene (637-69-4) + bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (2712-78-9) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-Methoxystyrene; bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene In dichloromethane for 0.25h; Stage #2: With silica gel In dichloromethane Further stages.;	85%

4-methoxyphenylacetylen (768-60-5) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) trisacetonitrile hexafluorophosphate; 5,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; water at 25℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	84%
With [CpRu(6-Ph2P-Py-2-yl)(MeCN)][PF6(1-)]; water In acetone at 70℃; for 24h;	99.8 % Spectr.

Chloroiodomethane (593-71-5) + 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (123-11-5) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: Chloroiodomethane With TurboGrignard In tetrahydrofuran at -20℃; for 0.000277778h; Flow reactor; Stage #2: 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran at -20℃; for 0.000444444h; Flow reactor; Stage #3: With sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water	84%

(p-methoxybenzyl)pentacarbonylmanganese(I) (80105-78-8) + HMn(CO)4(P(CH3)2C6H5) (104419-63-8, 61477-64-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + nonacarbonyl(dimethylphenylphosphine)dimanganese (50540-29-9)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon monoxide; Triphenylphosphine oxide In benzene-d6 Kinetics; High Pressure; in C6D6 at 45°C, initial concn. ranges were 3.8E-3 to 2.4E-2 M p-MeOC6H4CH2Mn(CO)5, 3.3E-2 to 0.16 M HMn(CO)4(PMe2Ph) (typically 10-fold excess), 0.040 to 0.30 M OPPh3, and 1.1 to 2.3 atm (8.1E-3 to 1.7E-2 M) of CO; followed by NMR and FTIR;	A 80% B >99

vinylene carbonate (872-36-6) + 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (5720-07-0) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid With (1,5-cyclooctadiene)(methoxy)iridium(I) dimer; tetrahydroxydiboron; 1,3-bis(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)propane; Hexamethylbenzene In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 25℃; for 0.0166667h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: vinylene carbonate In water at 90℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;	72%

4-Methoxystyrene (637-69-4) → 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxirane (6388-72-3) + 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (123-11-5)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide for 5h; Catalytic behavior;	A 69% B 9% C 22%
With 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide; carbonyl(1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaisopentylphthalocyaninato)ruthenium(II) In toluene at 90℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;	A 64 %Chromat. B 13 %Chromat. C 21 %Chromat.

4-Methoxystyrene (637-69-4) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (123-11-5)

Conditions	Yield
With 4-methylpyridine-1-oxide; oxochromium(V) complex of dichloro tetramethylsalen IIf In acetonitrile at 25℃;	A 19% B 65%
With pyridine N-oxide; oxochromium(V) complex of dichloro tetramethylsalen IIf In acetonitrile at 23℃; Rate constant; Product distribution; Mechanism; effect of donor ligands on the rate of further olefins; ligand-induced cleavage of olefins by oxochromium(V); (18)O-labeling studies of oxochromium(V);
With 5C16H36N(1+)*(x)H2O*MnO39SiW11(5-); dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile at 80℃; for 6h;

(E)-4-methoxyphenylacetaldehyde O-methyloxime (140463-18-9) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With formaldehyd; Amberlyst 15 In water; acetone for 29h; Ambient temperature;	65%

(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime (128224-91-9) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With ozone In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere;	65%

1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (123-11-5) + syringic aldehyde (134-96-3)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide In acetonitrile at 25 - 40℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h; Irradiation; Sealed tube;	A 6% B 38% C 61%

1-methoxy-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene (3179-10-0) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hypophosphite; nickel In ethanol; water at 40 - 60℃; for 2h;	53%

methyl 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylthioethyl sulfoxide (40080-87-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol	53%
With sulfuric acid In ethanol

4-tolyl vinyl ether (1005-62-5) + 4-methoxy-aniline (104-94-9) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-methoxy-aniline With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water Stage #2: 4-tolyl vinyl ether With sodium hydrogencarbonate; calcium carbonate; copper dichloride In water; acetone at 25 - 30℃; pH=3 - 4;	49%

4-methoxyphenyl-acetic chloride (4693-91-8) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; sodium tetrahydroborate; cadmium(II) chloride In acetonitrile at -5℃; for 0.05h;	48%
Stage #1: 4-methoxyphenyl-acetic chloride With N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; sodium tetrahydroborate; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; cadmium(II) chloride In acetonitrile at -5 - 0℃; for 0.666667h; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride; water In acetonitrile pH=3; Product distribution / selectivity;	48%
Rusenmund reduction;

dicobalt octacarbonyl (15226-74-1, 61091-28-9, 61117-58-6) + Trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 4-methoxy-benzyl ester (121203-13-2) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With triethylsilane; dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II)*CH2Cl2; sodium acetate In acetonitrile at 25℃; for 16h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	47%

3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-prop-1,2-diol (17131-20-3) → 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With lead(IV) acetate In benzene Ambient temperature;	45%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + phosphonic acid diethyl ester (762-04-9) → diethyl 1-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylphosphonate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium ethanolate In diethyl ether at -35℃; for 0.166667h;	99%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 1-(isocyanomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (1197-58-6) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → C20H23NO5 (1569843-05-5)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; Passerini Condensation;	99%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + Glyoxilic acid (298-12-4) → 5-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one (184376-10-1)

Conditions	Yield
With morpholin hydrochloride In 1,4-dioxane; water for 24h; Heating / reflux;	98%
With water; morpholin hydrochloride In 1,4-dioxane for 24h; Reflux;	98%

morpholine (110-91-8) + 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) → 4-[(E)-2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-morpholine (80743-36-8)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform at 20℃; for 3h; Molecular sieve;	96%
In benzene Heating;	86%
In chloroform at 20℃; for 5h; Molecular sieve; Schlenk technique;

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (20469-65-2) → (+/-)-1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (153139-20-9)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene With iodine; magnesium In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h; Heating; Stage #2: 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h; Grignard reaction; Heating;	96%
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;	75%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + (2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)-methyl-amine (101871-19-6) → (2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)-(4-methoxy-styryl)-methyl-amine (118646-96-1)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene	95.3%
With diethyl ether

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + benzamidrazone (28819-30-9) → 3-phenyl-5-(p-methoxybenzene)-1,2,4-triazine (934814-05-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; Stage #2: benzamidrazone at 100℃; for 1h; Green chemistry;	95%

2-[1,3]dithiolan-2-ylidene-1-phenyl-ethanone (5653-30-5) + 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) → (E)-2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylbut-3-en-1-one

Conditions	Yield
With methanol; aluminum (III) chloride In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 6h;	94%

1.3-propanedithiol (109-80-8) + 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) → 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-1,3-dithiane (74447-45-3)

Conditions	Yield
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Molecular sieve;	93%
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In dichloromethane; water at 0 - 20℃; for 14h; Molecular sieve; Inert atmosphere;	91%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + Phenyl azide (622-37-7) → 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazole (68809-41-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate; potassium hydroxide at 20℃; for 0.666667h; Green chemistry; regioselective reaction;	92%
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In dimethyl sulfoxide at 25℃; for 0.5h; regioselective reaction;	90%
In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 1h;	80%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + C14H21N → (2S)-(-)-3,4-dimethyl-2-<(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl>-1-<(1R)-1-phenylethyl>-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (146098-99-9)

Conditions	Yield
With polyphosphoric acid at 45℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere;	91%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 3,6-dimethylthio-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1672-34-0) → 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazine (69466-83-7)

Conditions	Yield
With pyrrolidine; 1,1,1,3',3',3'-hexafluoro-propanol at 25℃;	91%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + formamide (77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6) → N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide (56100-69-7)

Conditions	Yield
With formic acid at 180℃; for 2h; Leukardt-Wallach Amination;	90%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) → 2,2-difluoro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (762292-75-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde With L-proline In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: With N-fluorobis(benzenesulfon)imide In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 20℃; for 4h;	90%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + Glyoxilic acid (298-12-4) → C11H10O4

Conditions	Yield
With phosphoric acid at 30℃; for 8h;	90%

4-Methoxyphenylacetaldehyde (5703-26-4) + 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine (120-20-7) → 7,12-O,O'-dimethylcoclaurine (41498-37-7)

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 20 - 70℃; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst;	89.01%

Upstream product

• 637-69-4 4-Methoxystyrene 
• 70126-13-5 (4-methoxy-styryl)-carbamic acid methyl ester 
• 92255-77-1 1-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one 
• 6388-72-3 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxirane 
• 31236-71-2 lysichitalexin 
• 4693-91-8 4-methoxyphenyl-acetic chloride 
• 702-23-8 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol 
• 104-01-8 4-Methoxyphenylacetic acid 
• 768-60-5 4-methoxyphenylacetylen 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 
• 2746-25-0 p-Methoxybenzyl bromide 
• 2344-80-1 Chloromethyltrimethylsilane 
• 766-94-9 vinyl phenyl ether 
• 4346-59-2 para-methoxyphenyldiazonium chloride 

Downstream Products

• 22532-51-0 4-methoxyphenethyl acetate 
• 1895-56-3 3-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-1,1-dioxo-6-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazine-7-sulfonic acid amide 
• 95332-31-3 2,4-dihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxyisoflavan 
• 63035-46-1 cis-1,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-butene 
• 184376-10-1 5-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one 
• 115261-68-2 1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pent-3-yn-2-ol 
• 245123-89-1 [1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-phenyl-phosphinic acid 
• 321669-88-9 3-[(2'-bromo-4',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2α-(p-methoxybenzyl)-4,4,7α-trimethyl-trans-octahydro-1,3-benzoxazine 
• 620163-12-4 (2R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-penten-2-ol 
• 503025-79-4 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)dodec-3-yn-2-ol 
• 857282-86-1 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-ol 

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