7440-74-6Relevant articles and documents
Formation and thermal decomposition of indium oxynitride compounds
Tokarzewski,Podsiadlo
, p. 481 - 488 (1998)
During the reactions of lithium oxide with indium nitride, lithium nitride with indium oxide, and lithium nitride with lithium indate LiInO2, the formation of a previously unknown crystalline phase, of composition Li4InNO2, was observed. The course of thermal decomposition of the new compound was determined.
Electrodeposition of indium onto Mo/Cu for the deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
Valderrama,Miranda-Hernández,Sebastian,Ocampo
, p. 3714 - 3721 (2008)
A study of the electrodeposition and the oxidation process of indium on Mo/Cu substrates from a bath containing 0.008 M InCl3, 0.7 M LiCl at pH 3 is described in this work. The voltamperometric study showed a reduction process which corresponds to the conversion of In3+ to In0 and an oxidation process which takes place in different steps. Utilizing the chronoamperometric technique the total efficiency of process, the number of monolayers, the film thickness and the diffusion coefficient were evaluated. The analysis of current transients, using theoretical growth model, showed that the electrodeposition of indium adjusts to a three-dimensional growth under instantaneous nucleation limited by diffusion. The kinetic growth parameters were evaluated through a non-linear fit. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. These studies showed that the films were of crystalline in nature with compact and uniform surface, even for the film with a deposition time of 1 min.
Kollock, L. G.,Smith, E. F.
, p. 1248 (1910)
Synthesis, characterisation and theoretical studies of amidinato-indium(I) and thallium(I) complexes: Isomers of neutral group 13 metal(I) carbene analogues
Jones, Cameron,Junk, Peter C.,Platts, Jamie A.,Rathmann, Daniel,Stasch, Andreas
, p. 2497 - 2499 (2005)
The synthesis and characterisation of the monomeric amidinato-indium(I) and thallium(I) complexes, [M(Piso)]PisoH, M = In or Tl, Piso- = [ArNC(But)NAr]-, Ar = C6H3Pr 2i-2,6, are reported. These complexes, in which the metal centre is chelated by the amidinate ligand in an N,η3-arene- fashion, can be considered as isomers of four-membered group 13 metal(I) carbene analogues. Theoretical studies have compared the relative energies of both isomeric forms of a model complex, [In{PhNC(H)NPh}]. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
Reduction of indium(III) oxide to indium through mechanochemical route
Kano, Junya,Kobayashi, Eiko,Tongamp, William,Saito, Fumio
, p. 204 - 205 (2008)
A nonthermal reduction of indium(III) oxide (In2O3) to metallic indium (In) was achieved through mechanochemical route in this work. A mixture of In2O3 and lithium nitride (Li3N) under ammonia (NH3) and/or nitrogen (N2) gas environments was milled in a planetary ball mill with uni-size ZrO2 balls to induce mechanochemical reaction between the starting materials. Metallic indium was obtained after milling for 120 min, and the results are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Washing of the milled product with water to remove by-products using the planetary ball mill for a further 10 min resulted in formation of pellets which were analyzed by EPMA, results clearly show that high purity indium metal was obtained. Copyright
Coordination Modes of 2,5-Di(tert-butyl)pyrrolide - Crystal Structures of HPyr*, Pyr*H·thf, (thf)2LiPyr*, and [(Me3Si)3C-Zn]2(μ-Cl)(μ-Pyr*) (Pyr* = 2,5-tBu2NC4H2)
Westerhausen, Matthias,Wieneke, Michael,Noeth, Heinrich,Seifert, Thomas,Pfitzner, Arno,Schwarz, Wolfgang,Schwarz, Oliver,Weidlein, Johann
, p. 1175 - 1182 (1998)
The lithiation of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)pyrrole (1) yields bis(tetrahydrofuran)lithium 2,5-di(tert-butyl)pyrrolide (2), which is monomeric in solution as well as in the solid state. Due to the coordination number of three for the lithium atom, short Li-O and
Fabrication and electrical and thermal properties of Ti2InC, Hf2InC and (Ti,Hf)2InC
Barsoum,Golczewski,Seifert,Aldinger
, p. 173 - 179 (2002)
In this paper we report on the characterization of predominantly single phase, fully dense Ti2InC (Ti1.96InC1.15), Hf2InC (Hf1.94InC1.26) and (Ti,Hf)2InC ((Ti0.47,Hf0.56)2InC1.26) samples produced by reactive hot isostatic pressing of the elemental powders. The a and c lattice parameters in nm, were, respectively: 0.3134; 1.4077 for Ti2InC; 0.322, 1.443 for (Ti,Hf)2InC; and 0.331 and 1.472 for Hf2InC. The heat capacities, thermal expansion coefficients, thermal and electrical conductivities were measured as a function of temperature. These ternaries are good electrical conductors with a resistivity that increases linearly with increasing temperatures. At 0.28 μΩ m, the room temperature resistivity of (Ti,Hf)2InC is higher than the end members (~0.2 μΩ m), indicating a solid solution scattering effect. In the 300 to 1273 K temperature range the thermal expansion coefficients are: 7.6×10-6 K-1 for Hf2InC, 9.5×10-6 K-1 for Ti2InC, and 8.6×10-6 K-1 for (Ti,Hf)2InC. They are all good conductors of heat (20 to 26 W/m K) with the electronic component of conductivity dominating at all temperatures. Extended exposure of Ti2InC to vacuum (~10-4 atm) at ~800 °C, results in the selective sublimation of In, and the conversion of Ti2InC to TiCx.
Dennis, L. M.,Geer, W. C.
, p. 437 (1904)
Chemical interaction of the In-Ga eutectic with Al and Al-base alloys
Trenikhin,Bubnov,Nizovskii,Duplyakin
, p. 256 - 260 (2006)
The chemical interaction of the indium-gallium eutectic with Al and Al-base alloys is studied by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy. Experimental data are presented that shed light on the reaction mechanism and the diffusion processes responsible for the subsequent disintegration of the material and its dissolution in water. Mechanical tests show that the activation of aluminum leads to a transition from plastic to brittle fracture. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
Electrodeposition of palladium-indium from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid
Hsiu, Shu-I,Tai, Chia-Cheng,Sun, I-Wen
, p. 2607 - 2613 (2006)
Voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode was used to study the electrochemical co-deposition of Pd-In from a chloride-rich 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate air-stable room temperature ionic liquid at 120 °C. Deposition of Pd alone occurs prior to the overpotential deposition (OPD) of bulk In. However, underpotential deposition (UPD) of In on the deposited Pd was observed at the potential same as the deposition of Pd. The UPD of In on Pd was, however, limited by a slow charge transfer rate. Samples of Pd-In alloy coatings were prepared on nickel substrates and characterized by energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The electrodeposited alloy composition was relatively independent on the deposition potential within the In UPD range. At more negative potentials where the OPD of Pd-In has reached mass-transport limited region, the alloy composition corresponds to the Pd(II)/In(III) composition in the plating bath. The Pd-In alloy coatings obtained by direct deposition of Pd and UPD of In on the deposited Pd appeared to be superior to the Pd-In alloys that were obtained via the co-deposition of Pd and bulk In at OPD potentials.
Aqueous telluridoindate chemistry: Water-soluble salts of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric In/Te anions [InTe4]5-, [In 2Te6]6-, and [In3Te 10]11-
Heine, Johanna,Dehnen, Stefanie
, p. 11216 - 11222 (2010)
Water-soluble salts of monomeric, dimeric, and/or trimeric telluridoindate anions, [K5(H2O)2.16][InTe4] (1), [K5(H2O)5][InTe4] (2), [K 6(H2O)6][In2Te6] (3), [K16(H2O)9.62][InTe4] 2[In2Te6] (4), [K133(H 2O)24][In3Te10]12Te 0.5 (5), and [Rb6(H2O)6][In 2Te6] (6), were prepared by a fusion/extraction method starting from the elements and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as spectroscopic methods. The compounds are the first hydrates of telluridoindate salts and thus point toward an aqueous coordination chemistry with binary In/Te ligands. Both crystallization from the extracts as mixtures of salts as well as preliminary spectroscopic investigation of the solutions indicate the presence of an equilibrium of different anionic species. Here, the indates differ from related stannates, which also show pH-dependent aggregation, but to a much lesser extent and in a better distinguishable manner. We present syntheses and crystal structures and discuss observation of the coexistence of different anions both in the solid state and in solution.
Die 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)prop-1-enyl-gruppe als chelatligand in organoindium-verbindungen The 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)prop-1-enyl group as a chelate ligand in indium organyls
Herbrich, Thomas,Thiele, Karl-Heinz,Merzweiler, Kurt
, p. 1679 - 1683 (1997)
InBr3 reacts with Mc2NCH2CH=CHMgCl (molar ratio 1:2) to form (Me2NCH2CH=CH)2InBr (1) as the first indium alkenyl compound with amino-functionalized alkenyl groups. The X-ray structure determination shows the formation of a chelate complex. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd with the unit cell parameters a = 14.904(2) A, b = 17.140(1) A and c = 21.035(2) A. By reaction of Me2InBr with Me2NCH2CH=CHMgCl (molar ratio 1 : 1) (Me2NCH2CH=CH)InMe2 (2) is formed as a colorless, at room temperature liquid, monomeric compound. The n.m.r. and mass spectra are discussed.
Synthesis and characterisation of tetramethylpiperidinyloxide (TEMPO) complexes of group 13 metal hydrides
Jones, Cameron,Rose, Richard P.
, p. 1484 - 1487 (2007)
Attempts have been made to prepare low oxidation state group 13 hydride complexes by reacting the metal trihydride-Lewis base adducts, [MH 3(quin)] (quin = quinuclidine, M = Al, Ga or In), with reducing or hydrogen abstraction reagents. The 1:
Room-temperature chemical synthesis of shape-controlled indium nanoparticles
Chou, Nam Hawn,Ke, Xianglin,Schiffer, Peter,Schaak, Raymond E.
, p. 8140 - 8141 (2008)
Shape-controlled metal nanoparticles are of interest because of their wide range of properties that are useful for applications that include optics, electronics, magnetism, and catalysis. Indium metal is an attractive target for nanoparticle synthesis because it is superconducting, plasmonically active, and is a component in low-melting solders and solid-state lubricants. Indium nanoparticles are typically synthesized using harsh physical or chemical techniques, and rigorous shape control is difficult. Here we present a simple and robust kinetically controlled process for synthesizing shape-controlled indium nanoparticles. By controlling the rate of dropwise addition of a solution of NaBH4 in tetraethylene glycol to an alcoholic solution of InCl3 and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), indium nanoparticles are formed with shapes that include high aspect ratio nanowires and uniform octahedra and truncated octahedra. The zero-dimensional indium nanoparticles exhibit an SPR band centered around 400 nm, and all morphologies are superconducting (Tc = 3.4 K) with higher critical fields than bulk indium. Copyright
Rossetto, G.,Ajo. D.,Brianese, N.,Casellato, U.,Ossola, F.,et al.
, p. 95 - 102 (1990)
Non-thermal reduction of indium oxide and indium tin oxide by mechanochemical method
Kano, Junya,Kobayashi, Eiko,Tongamp, William,Miyagi, Shoko,Saito, Fumio
, p. 422 - 425 (2009)
A non-thermal process for reducing indium(III) oxide (In2O3) and/or indium tin oxide (ITO) into indium-metal by milling with lithium nitride (Li3N) under (NH3) or nitrogen (N2) gas environment is prop
In3I2[C(SiMe3)3]3 : Synthesis of a diiodotrialkyltriindane(5) containing two in-in single bonds
Uhl, Werner,Melle, Sandra,Geiseler, Gertraud,Harms, Klaus
, p. 3355 - 3357 (2001)
Treatment of the tetrahedral indium(I) cluster compound In4[C(SiMe3)3]4 (1) with a mixture of All3 and I2 afforded the yellow diiodotriindium compound In3I2[C(SiMe3)3]3 (2) in 73% yield. 1 contains a chain of three indium atoms connected by In-In single bonds. A trigonal bipyramidal structure resulted in the solid state by two iodide bridges between the terminal indium atoms.
Directed growth of single-crystal indium wires
Talukdar, Ishan,Ozturk, Birol,Flanders, Bret N.,Mishima, Tetsuya D.
, (2006)
Tailored electric fields were used to direct the dendritic growth of crystalline indium wires between lithographic electrodes immersed in solutions of indium acetate. Determination of the conditions that suppress sidebranching on these structures has enabled the fabrication of arbitrarily long needle-shaped wires with diameters as small as 370 nm. Electron diffraction studies indicate that these wires are crystalline indium, that the unbranched wire segments are single-crystal domains, and that the predominant growth direction is near 〈110〉. This work constitutes a critical step towards the use of simply prepared aqueous mixtures as a convenient means of controlling the composition of submicron, crystalline wires.
Electrodeposition of selenium, indium and copper in an air- and water-stable ionic liquid at variable temperatures
Zein El Abedin,Saad,Farag,Borisenko,Liu,Endres
, p. 2746 - 2754 (2007)
The electrochemical behaviour of Au(1 1 1) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates in the air- and water-stable ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([BMP]Tf2N) was investigated using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Furthermore, the electrodeposition of Se, In and Cu in the same ionic liquid was investigated. The high thermal stability as well as the large electrochemical window of this ionic liquid compared with aqueous electrolytes allow the direct electrodeposition of grey selenium, indium and copper at variable temperatures, as the first step in making CIS solar cells electrochemically, in a one pot reaction. The results show that grey selenium can be obtained at temperatures ≥100 °C. XRD patterns of the electrodeposit obtained at 100 °C show the characteristic peaks of crystalline grey selenium. Nanocrystalline indium with grain sizes between 100 and 200 nm was formed in the employed ionic liquid, containing 0.1 M InCl3, at room temperature. It was also found that copper(I) species can be introduced into the ionic liquid [BMP]Tf2N by anodic dissolution of a copper electrode and nanocrystalline copper with an average crystallite size of about 50 nm was obtained without additives in the resulting electrolyte.
Preparation of [Et2InSb(SiMe3)2]3; A trimeric single-source precursor to indium antimonide
Foos, Edward E.,Jouet, Richard J.,Wells, Richard L.,White, Peter S.
, p. 182 - 186 (2000)
The 1:1 mole ratio reaction of Et2InCl with Sb(SiMe3)3 results in the formation of [Et2InSb(SiMe3)2]3 (1), a trimeric compound containing a six-membered indium-antimony ring. An X-ray crystal structure has been obtained for the compound substantiating the trimeric nature of 1 in the solid state, however variable-temperature 1H-NMR studies show a dimer/trimer equilibrium for this species in solution. Preliminary thermolysis studies demonstrate its utility in the formation of nanocrystalline InSb.
Bradley, D. C.,Chudzynska, Halina,Frigo, D. M.,Hammond, M. E.,Hursthouse, M. B.,Mazid, M. A.
, p. 719 - 726 (1990)
Selective and Direct Formation of Ethene from CO and H2 over In2O3-Y2O3, -La2O3, and -CeO2 Catalysts
Arai, Toru,Maruya, Ken-ichi,Domen, Kazunari,Onishi, Takaharu
, p. 1757 - 1758 (1987)
Ethene is slectively formed from CO and H2 over In2O3-containing oxide catalysts such as In2O3-Y2O3, -La2O3, and -CeO2 at 673 K and 67 kPa with the highest selectivity of 43percent for hydrocarbons.
Synthesis of colloidal InSb nanocrystals via in situ activation of InCl3
Tamang, Sudarsan,Kim, Kyungnam,Choi, Hyekyoung,Kim, Youngsik,Jeong, Sohee
, p. 16923 - 16928 (2015/10/05)
Indium antimonide (InSb), a narrow band gap III-V semiconductor is a promising infrared-active material for various optoelectronic applications. Synthetic challenge of colloidal InSb nanocrystals (NCs) lies in the limited choice of precursors. Only a few successful synthetic schemes involving highly toxic stibine (SbH3) or air- and moisture-sensitive metal silylamides (In[N(Si-(Me)3)2]3 or Sb[N(Si-(Me)3)2]3) as the precursor have been reported. We found that commercially available precursors InCl3 and Sb[NMe2]3 directly form highly crystalline colloidal InSb nanocrystals in the presence of a base such as LiN(SiMe3)2 or nBuLi. The mean size of the particles can be controlled by simply changing the activating base. This approach offers a one-pot synthesis of InSb NCs from readily available chemicals without the use of complex organometallic precursors.
Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Group 13 Compounds via Oxidative Addition Reaction of Gallanediyl LGa and InEt3
Ganesamoorthy, Chelladurai,Bl?ser, Dieter,W?lper, Christoph,Schulz, Stephan
, p. 2991 - 2996 (2015/06/30)
Equimolar amounts of LGa (L = [(2,6-i-Pr2-C6H3)NC(Me)]2CH) and InEt3 were found to react with insertion into the In-carbon bond and formation of LGa(Et)InEt2 (1), while in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene It-Bu [C(Nt-Bu2CH)2], the base-stabilized compound LGa(Et)Et2In←It-Bu (2) was formed, which shows an abnormal binding mode of the NHC group. In addition, the reaction of InEt3 with two equivalents of LGa occurred with double insertion and formation of [LGa(Et)]2InEt (3). 1-3 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy, their solid-state structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses, and their thermal stability was investigated by in situ NMR spectroscopy. (Chemical Equation Presented).