- Interfacial reactions in Sn/Bi2Te3, Sn/Bi 2Se3 and Sn/Bi2(Te1-xSe x)3 couples
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Bi2(Te1-xSex)3 is an important kind of n-type thermoelectric material. In this study, interfacial reactions at 250 °C in the Sn/Bi2Te3, Sn/Bi2Se 3 and Sn/Bi2/sub
- Chen, Sinn-Wen,Wu, Chih-Yu,Wu, Hsin-Jay,Chiu, Wan-Ting
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- Syntheses and characterizations of bismuth nanofilms and nanorhombuses by the structure-controlling solventless method
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Substrate-free bismuth nanofilms with an average thickness of 0.6 nm (σ = ±14.1%) and monodisperse layered Bi nanorhombuses with an average edge length of 21.5 nm (σ = ±14.7%) and thickness of 0.9 nm (σ = ±25.8%) have been successively synthesized by structure-controlling solventless thermolysis from a new layered bismuth thiolate precursor with a 31.49 A spacing. The morphologies result from self-control at an atomic level by the layered Bi(SC12H 25)3 crystal structure. The formation of the Bi nanofilm intermediate provides significant substantiation for this synthesis method, and detailed evidence on the conversion progress has been obtained. Both the films and the rhombuses have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Special UV-vis electronic absorption spectra of the nanoproducts have been studied.
- Chen, Jing,Wu, Li-Ming,Chen, Ling
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- Facile synthesis of Bi/BiOCl composite with selective photocatalytic properties
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This paper presents a novel and facile method to fabricate Bi/BiOCl composites with dominant (001) facets in situ via a microwave reduction route. Different characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), cathodoluminescence spectrum (CL), and lifetime, have been employed to investigate the structure, optical and electrical properties of the Bi/BiOCl composites. The experimental results show that the introduction of Bi particles can efficiently enhance the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl for the degradation of several dyes under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, especially for negative charged methyl orange (MO). Unlike the UV photocatalytic performance, such Bi/BiOCl composite shows higher degradation efficiency towards rhodamine B (RhB) than MO and methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. This special photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between oxygen vacancies and Bi particles. This work provides new insights about the photodegradation mechanisms of MO, MB and RhB under UV and visible light irradiation, which would be helpful to guide the selection of an appropriate catalyst for other pollutants.
- Chen, Dongling,Zhang, Min,Lu, Qiuju,Chen, Junfang,Liu, Bitao,Wang, Zhaofeng
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- Effect of the surface configuration on the oxidation of bismuth nanowire
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Incorporating nanoprocessing into the metal oxidation, it was a facile way to synthesize functional oxide with desired nanostructure. In this work, δ-Bi2O3 nanowires were successfully fabricated by the oxidation of electroplated Bi nanowires at 350 °C. δ-Bi2O3 is the high-temperature phase of Bi2O3 and only stable at 723-823 °C. Partially oxidized nanowires showed core-shell structure composed of metallic Bi and δ-Bi2O3. To investigate the mechanism of oxidation reaction, the Bi/Bi2O3 interface was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM images showed rapid growth of oxide layer on (2 over(1, ?) 0) plane of rhombohedral Bi metal. The coherency between (10 over(2, ?)) of metallic Bi and (1 0 0) of cubic Bi2O3 was observed. A schematic model was also used to describe the oxidation process. The coherency Bi and Bi2O3 and the stabilization of high-temperature (fluorite structure) Bi2O3 were also discussed based on this model.
- Huang,Fung
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- Structure and resistivity of bismuth nanobelts in situ synthesized on silicon wafer through an ethanol-thermal method
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Bismuth nanobelts in situ grown on a silicon wafer were synthesized through an ethanol-thermal method without any capping agent. The structure of the bismuth beltsilicon composite nanostructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dis
- Gao, Zheng,Qin, Haiming,Yan, Tao,Liu, Hong,Wang, Jiyang
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- Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structure analysis of bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane
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Tri(isopropenyl)bismuthane (1) reacts with bromine to form bromodi(isopropenyl)bismuthane (2) and dibromo(isopropenyl)bismuthane (3). The single crystal X-ray structure determination of 2 (monoclinic, P21/c; a = 1058.6(3), b = 1127.0(3), c = 1561.3(4) pm, and β = 109.26(2)°; Z = 8 molecules; dc = 2.803 g/cm3; R = 0.059) shows two crystallographically independent molecules which are connected by Bi-Br...Bi bridges (Bi-Br 282.3(2) and 284.7(2); Br...Bi 302.9(2) and 303.6(2) pm) forming helical chains directed along the b-axis of the unit cell. Every turn of the helix (360°) consists of four molecules and corresponds to the length of the b-axis (1127.0(3) pm).
- Schumann, Herbert,Muehle, Stefan H.
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- Structural and magneto-transport properties of electrodeposited bismuth nanowires
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Arrays of semimetallic Bi nanowires have been successfully fabricated by electrodeposition. Each nanowire consists of elongated Bi grains along the wire direction. Very large positive magnetoresistance of 300% at low temperatures and 70% at room temperatu
- Liu, Kai,Chien,Searson,Yu-Zhang, Kui
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- Bismuth oxychloride nanoflake assemblies as a new anode for potassium ion batteries
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This work reports the first demonstration of bismuth oxyhalides as anode materials in potassium-ion batteries. BiOCl nanoflake assemblies deliver high capacities of 367 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and 175 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. The formation of K-Bi alloys at an early stage of potassiation is observed.
- Li, Wei,Xu, Yang,Dong, Yulian,Wu, Yuhan,Zhang, Chenglin,Zhou, Min,Fu, Qun,Wu, Minghong,Lei, Yong
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- Orientation-controlled phase transformation of Bi2O3 during oxidation of electrodeposited Bi film
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High-temperature fluorite structure Bi2O3 is a well-known solid electrolyte owing to its high oxygen ion conductivity. In this study, Bi2O3 thin film was prepared by the oxidation process of the electrodeposited metallic Bi film. The crystal structures of the oxidized Bi films varied with the applied voltages during the electroplating process. Pure α-Bi2O3 was obtained when the oxidation was conducted for the metallic Bi film electrodeposited at -0.1 V. Only β-Bi2O3 was observed as a -0.5 V electrodeposited Bi film was oxidized. The crystal structure of Bi 2O3 obtained by oxidation of metallic Bi film may dominantly be affected by the orientation of as-electrodeposited Bi film. Such kind of process is favorable to the preparation of functional ceramic with specific crystal structure.
- Huang, Chaur-Chi,Wen, Teng-Yi,Fung, Kuan-Zong
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- The kinetics of thermal decomposition of bismuth oxohydroxolaurate
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The bismuth salt of lauric (dodecanic) acid Bi6O 4(OH)4(C11H23COO)6 was studied earlier. This salt has layer structure (the interlaminar distance=37.50 A), under heating this liquid-crystalline state has the mesomorphic transformation, turns to the amorphous state, decomposes stepwise with the formation of well-ordered layers of bismuth nanoparticles. DSC-curves were used for the study of the decomposition kinetics in the area of decomposition with small mass loss and exothermic effect (423-483 K). Springer-Verlag 2007.
- Logvinenko,Mikhailov,Yukhin
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- Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
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Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PDEIS) uses virtual instruments to acquire, by means of a common potentiostat, multidimensional dependencies that characterise variations of dc current and frequency response in the same potential scan. Unlike classical EIS, which finds the whole equivalent circuit in stationary states, PDEIS finds, in potentiodynamic systems, only those elements of equivalent circuits that are needed to decompose the ac response in a limited range of frequencies. The decomposition of ac response into components belonging to different elements is provided by a built-in spectrum analyser, which gives dependences of equivalent circuit parameters on variable potential. The new technique develops the idea, originally suggested by D.E. Smith, of versatile characterisation of the electrochemical response in a simple computerised experiment. PDEIS solves this problem with the use of multi-frequency potentiodynamic probing based on analysis of streams of wavelets. The use of the additional variable (electrode potential) helps to disambiguate the equivalent circuit analysis. The PDEIS performance is illustrated on systems of different kind: a reversible system (ferricyanide redox transformations on glassy carbon and platinum electrodes), a system that is locally reversible but shows different responses in forward and backward scans (Bi upd on Au) and strongly irreversible variable system (initial stages of aniline electropolymerisation on gold).
- Ragoisha,Bondarenko
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- A Room-Temperature Route to Bismuth Nanotube Arrays
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A room-temperature aqueous-chemical route has been developed to synthesize a high proportion (above 80%) of bamboo-raft-like bismuth nanotube arrays using bismuth chloride and metallic zinc powder as reagents. The prepared Bi nanotubes have uniform diameters of approximately 3-5 nm and lengths from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers. HRTEM observations show that the axial direction of the prepared nanotubes is along the normal direction of the (012) lattice planes of the rhombohedral bismuth. The possible formation mechanism is discussed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
- Yang, Baojun,Li, Cun,Hu, Hanmei,Yang, Xiaogang,Li, Qiaowei,Qian, Yitai
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- The Subbromide Bi5Br4 – On the Existence of a Hidden Phase
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Black and irregularly shaped crystals of the bismuth-rich bromide Bi5Br4 were obtained as a by-product of the reaction of CsBr, Bi, and BiBr3. X-ray diffraction on a single-crystal revealed its orthorhombic structure with the space group Pmmn (no. 59) and lattice parameters a = 1800.0(2) pm, b = 1476.1(1) pm, and c = 924.5(2) pm at 296 K. The structure is composed of Bi8 2+ and Bi9 5+ polycations and bromidobismuthate(III) anions according to the structured formula Bi5Br4 = Bi20Br16 = Bi8 2+Bi9 5+[BiBr5]2–[Bi2Br11]5–. Bi5Br4 is the bismuth-richest among the bismuth subhalides containing isolated polycations. Extensive differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that Bi5Br4 decomposes at 262 °C, i.e. one degree below the bismuth-rich eutectic at 263 °C. All attempts towards a rational synthesis yielded predominantly the neighboring phases BiBr and Bi6Br7.
- Pabst, Falk,Chang, Jen-Hui,Finzel, Kati,Kohout, Miroslav,Schmidt, Peer,Ruck, Michael
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- The underpotential deposition of bismuth and tellurium on cold rolled silver substrate by ECALE
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Thin-layer electrochemical studies of the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi and Te on cold rolled silver substrate have been performed. Different approaches have been employed to investigate the influence of silver oxide film on Bi UPD. As a result, the precedent deposition of a little bismuth can effectively prevent silver from surface oxidation. The voltammetric analysis of underpotential shift demonstrates that the first Te UPD on Bi-covered Ag and Bi UPD on Te-covered Ag fit UPD dynamics mechanism. Thin film of bismuth telluride was formed using an automated flow deposition system, by alternately depositing Te and Bi. The electrochemical conditions necessary to form Bi 2Te3 deposits of 50 cycles on cold rolled silver by ECALE are described here. X-ray diffraction indicated the deposits were Bi 2Te3. EDX quantitative analysis gave the 2:3 stoichiometric ratio of Bi to Te, which is consistent with XRD result. Electron probe microanalysis of the deposits showed a worm-like network structure. The map of Te and Bi element indicated the distribution of both Te and Bi is homogeneous and locates the same sites, which is favorable to Te-Bi binary system. The composition analysis of structural expanded image also showed the approximately constant composition of Te:Bi ≈ 3:2 has taken place.
- Zhu,Yang,Gao,Hou,Bao,Fan
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- Effect of Bi(III) concentration on the stripping voltammetric response of in situ bismuth-coated carbon paste and gold electrodes
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The effect of Bi(III) concentration (over the wide concentration range of 10-7 to 10-4 M) on the determination of Pb and Cd metal ions (in the 10-8 to 10-5 M range), by means of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV
- Baldrianova,Svancara,Vlcek,Economou,Sotiropoulos
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- Epitaxial Bi/GaAs(111) diodes via electrodeposition
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Bismuth films formed by electrodeposition on n-GaAs (111) at 70 °C are found to be single crystalline, (0001) oriented, with trigonal surface morphologies typical of high quality single crystals. Diode current-voltage characteristics display low reverse-bias leakage currents and average barrier heights of 0.77±0.02 eV (n=1.07). A necessary requirement for single crystalline growth is the presence of ammonium sulfate in the electrolyte.
- Bao, Zhi Liang,Kavanagh, Karen L.
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- New single-source precursor for bismuth sulfide and its use as low-cost counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells
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Abstract One new homoleptic [Bi(dtc)3] (1) (dtc = 4-hydroxypiperdine dithiocarbamate) has been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The photoluminescence spectrum for the compound in DMSO solution was recorded. The crystal structure of 1 displayed distorted octahedral geometry around the Bi(III) center bonded through sulfur atoms of the dithiocarbamate ligands. TGA indicates that the compound decomposes to a Bi and Bi-S phase system. The Bi and Bi-S obtained from decomposition of the compound have been characterized by pXRD, EDAX and SEM. Solvothermal decomposition of 1 in the absence and presence of two different capping agents yielded three morphologically different Bi2S3 systems which were deployed as counter-electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
- Chauhan, Ratna,Chaturvedi, Jyotsna,Trivedi, Manoj,Singh, Jyoti,Molloy, Kieran C.,Kociok-K?hn, Gabriele,Amalnerkar, Dinesh P.,Kumar, Abhinav
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- Effects of polyethylene glycol and gelatin on the crystal size, morphology, and Sn2+-sensing ability of bismuth deposits
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The influences of citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and gelatin on the deposition behavior of Bi were systematically investigated through the linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) analysis. Based on the LSV res
- Tsai, Yi-Da,Lien, Chein-Hung,Hu, Chi-Chang
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- Electrodeposition of bismuth thin films on n-GaAs (110)
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Bismuth thin films are formed electrochemically on n-GaAs (110). Bismuth films up to a few hundred nanometers in thickness exhibit a strong (018) texture, while thicker films are polycrystalline. The barrier height of the n-GaAsBi Schottky contacts is 0.62 eV, about 0.2 eV lower than for electrodeposited bismuth films on GaAs (100).
- Vereecken, Philippe M.,Rodbell, Kenneth,Ji, Chunxin,Searson, Peter C.
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- Bi electrodeposition under magnetic field
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Bi was galvanostatically electrodeposited in a hydrochloric acid solution in the presence and absence of a 0.5 T field. The effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) convection were focused on the concentration overpotential as well as the current efficiency. The morphological and microstructural variation of electrodeposited Bi thin film was also investigated. Dendritic growth enhanced at higher current density was considerably suppressed by superimposition of a 0.5 T field, while the effect on the crystal microstructure was not confirmed.
- Motoyama,Fukunaka,Kikuchi
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- Core-Shell Au?SnO2 Nanostructures Supported on Na2Ti4O9 Nanobelts as a highly active and deactivation-resistant catalyst toward selective nitroaromatics reduction
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Catalysis using gold (Au) nanoparticles has become an important field of chemistry. However, activity loss caused by aggregation or leaching of Au nanoparticles greatly limits their application in catalytic reaction. Herein, we report a facile and green synthesis of a core-shell Au?SnO2 nanocomposite, exhibiting excellent activity toward selective nitroaromatics reduction under mild conditions. The core-shell Au?SnO2 nanocomposite (Au size = ～50 nm; shell thickness = ca. 16 nm) is conceived and validated by a direct redox reaction between HAuCl4 and SnF2. Optimization of the core size, shell thickness, and dispersion of Au?SnO2 has been introduced by an alkaline surface supported by negatively charged metal oxide Na2Ti4O9. The as-obtained Au-Sn-Na2Ti4O9 catalyst with much smaller Au cores (ca. 5 nm) and thinner SnO2 nondensed shells (ca. 4 nm) exhibits highly improved catalytic activities for nitro reduction compared to most of the known Au-based catalysts. Moreover, the core-shell Au?SnO2 structure inhibits the leaching and agglomeration of Au nanoparticles and thus leads to superior catalytic durability.
- Pan, Xiaoyang,Zheng, Jing,Zhang, Liuxian,Yi, Zhiguo
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- Comparison of nucleophilic- and radical-based routes to the formation of manganese-main group element single bonds
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Using the stable metalloradical Mn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2, we report the formation of manganese-main group complexes via the single-electron functionalization of main group halides. The reactions occur in a simple 1:1 stoichiometry, and demonstrate the utility of using stable open-shelled organometallics as precursors for metal-main group compounds. This has enabled the preparation of manganese complexes bearing terminal -EXn substituents, as shown through the isolation of Mn(SnCl)(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2 and Mn(BiCl2)(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2 from SnCl2 and BiCl3, respectively. Through this approach, we have also isolated Mn(SbF2)(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2 from SbF3, which serves as a unique example of a terminal -SbF2 complex. Although the metalloradical functionalization of binary main group halides provides the desired main group adduct in yields comparable to nucleophilic activation using the manganate Na[Mn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2], the former approach is shown to be far more atom-economical with respect to Mn. Additionally, we have found that Mn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2 also serves as a convenient precursor to MnF(CO)3(CNArDipp2). The latter is an analogue to the elusive monofluoride FMn(CO)5.
- Agnew, Douglas W.,Moore, Curtis E.,Rheingold, Arnold L.,Figueroa, Joshua S.
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- In situ STM study of underpotential deposition of bismuth on Au(1 1 0) in perchloric acid solution
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The underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi on Au(1 1 0) was investigated in HClO4 solution using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The UPD of Bi occurred in three steps. A 3011 structure, in which Bi atoms formed dimers, was found for the first UPD adlayer. A (1 × 1) image was obtained by STM at the second UPD peak. For the third UPD peak, Bi atoms formed an incommensurate adlayer, and stripes of Bi were observed on terraces. After the third UPD, a structural reconstruction caused by adsorbed Bi was observed.
- Hara, Masanori,Nagahara, Yoshiki,Inukai, Junji,Yoshimoto, Soichiro,Itaya, Kingo
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- Volume plasmon of bismuth nanoparticles
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This paper reports the measurements of the bulk plasmon of Bi nanoparticles supported by a SiO2 matrix using electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The blue shifts of plasmon peak in small particles were observed. However, the degree of shift was m
- Jiang, Nan,Su, Dong,Spence, John C.H.,Zhou, Shifeng,Qiu, Jianrong
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- Bismuth terephthalate induced Bi(0) for enhanced RhB photodegradation and 4-nitrophenol reduction
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A facile reductive method was used to prepare the semimetal Bi(0) through reacting Bi(NO3)3 with NaI. The Bi(0) incorporated bismuth terephthalate hybrids were prepared from two different strategies with enhanced visible light photodegradation of RhB and reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The synergistic interaction between layered bismuth terephthalate and Bi(0) with SPR effects could induce the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes that leading to the enhancement of their oxidation performance. In the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, bismuth terephthalate may act as an excellent supporter and as a precursor which in situ produces the semimetal Bi(0). The Bi(0) incorporated bismuth terephthalate reported in this work can be potentially applied in visible light photooxidation and reduction of organic compounds.
- Zhao, Xinyun,Zhong, Jianping,Hu, Juncheng,Wu, Lamei,Chen, Xi
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- Synthesis and characterization of bismuth single-crystalline nanowires and nanospheres
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A facile solution-phase process has been demonstrated for the selective preparation of single-crystalline bismuth nanowires and nanospheres by reducing sodium bismuthate with ethylene glycol in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or acetone. Bismuth nanobelts and Bi/Bi2O 3 nanocables could be also obtained by changing some reaction parameters. Various techniques such as XRD, EDXA, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and FT-IR have been used to investigate the physical characteristics of these low-dimensional bismuth nanostructures.
- Wang, Junwei,Wang, Xun,Peng, Qing,Li, Yadong
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- A novel technique to extract Bi from mechanochemically prepared Bi-Fe 3O4 nanocomposite
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The solid-state reduction of Bi2O3 to bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles by high-energy ball milling of raw materials (Bi2O 3 and Fe) in air and argon atmospheres has been described. XRD results show that in addition to bismuth, a second phase of nanocrystalline magnetite is also formed. This is due to the formation of Fe2O 3 and the subsequent change to Fe3O4 in the course of ball milling. Mean particle sizes of the obtained Bi and Fe 3O4 particles were 22 and 18 nm, respectively, using Scherrer's formula. A saturation magnetization of 80 emu/g is achieved for magnetic phase (Fe3O4). As both Bi and magnetite were nanosized particles, it was not possible to separate these two phases by the magnetic separation technique. A novel technique based on different thermal expansions of the Bi and Fe3O4 was then used to extract metallic Bi from the as-milled powders.
- Mozaffari,Amighian,Hasanpour
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- Pushing the Frontiers of Hard and Soft Scorpionate Chemistry
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The preparation and structure of the first scorpionate complex of a group 16 element, [Te(κ2-TmMe)2], is reported. It displays square planar geometry at the Te atom and two distinct ligand conformations. In addition, the first pyrazolylborate complex of a group 15 element, [Bi(Tp)2(pzH)Cl], has been synthesized and characterized.
- Dodds, Christopher A.,Kennedy, Alan R.,Reglinski, John,Spicer, Mark D.
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- Spin-Orbit Relaxation Rate of Bi(6p3, 2D3/2) following Photolysis of Bi(CH3)3 at λ = 193 nm
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Rate coefficients for the collisional relaxation of the first excited spin-orbit state of (6p3, 2D3/2) have been measured at 295 K for Ar, CO2, SF6, H2, D2, HF, and DF.The excited Bi atoms were prepared by excimer laser photolysis of trimethylbismuth (TMB) at 193 nm and monitored directly in emission.The rate coefficient for quenching by the precursor TMB and a lower limit for removal by CH3 photofragments have also been established.Where applicable, our results are compared with the earlier work of Bevan and Husain and of Trainor.The suitability of long-range interaction models is discussed for those cases where isotopic substitution leads to markedly different quenching rates.
- Holloway J. S.,Koffend, J. B.,Heidner, R. F. III
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- ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF BISMUTH ON CdS(0001) SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES.
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The electrolytic deposition of Bi on CdS(0001) single-crystal surfaces has been studied in aqueous 0. 5M NaClO//4 plus Bi(ClO//4)//3 solutions (pH2) using electrochemical dc and pulse polarization techniques under potentiostatic control. The initial steps
- Elmorsi,Juettner
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- Reactions of MnO2, Mn2O3, α-Bi 2O3, and Bi12Ti1 - XMn xO20with supercritical isopropanol
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Heterogeneous reactions between supercritical isopropanol and metal oxides were studied for the first time. The results demonstrate that Bi 2O3 is reduced by isopropanol to metallic bismuth, while MnO2 and Mn2O
- Buslaeva,Kravchuk,Kargin,Gubin
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- Bismuth spheres grown in self-nested cavities in a silicon wafer
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We have developed a one-step, hydrofluoric acid-free hydrothermal etching method that not only produces bismuth nano/micrometer-sized spheres but also prepares porous silicon with vertical holes. By controlling the heating temperature and time, nanoscale vertical-channeled porous silicon can be received. Our result indicated that the Bi clusters were formed first on the wafer surface. Then the etching of the Bi to the wafer creates the holes. Later, the Bi spheres went into the holes and expedited the etching process. A formation mechanism and chemical process have been proposed on the basis of experimental data. This simple chemistry approach may be of great scientific and technological importance for preparing porous silicon wafer.
- Liu, Hong,Wang, Zhong Lin
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- Unveiling Intrinsic Potassium Storage Behaviors of Hierarchical Nano Bi@N-Doped Carbon Nanocages Framework via In Situ Characterizations
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Metallic bismuth has drawn attention as a promising alloying anode for advanced potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, serious volume expansion/electrode pulverization and sluggish kinetics always lead to its inferior cycling and rate properties for practical applications. Therefore, advanced Bi-based anodes via structural/compositional optimization and sur-/interface design are needed. Herein, we develop a bottom-up avenue to fabricate nanoscale Bi encapsulated in a 3D N-doped carbon nanocages (Bi@N-CNCs) framework with a void space by using a novel Bi-based metal-organic framework as the precursor. With elaborate regulation in annealing temperatures, the optimized Bi@N-CNCs electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and long-duration cyclic stability at high rates when evaluated as competitive anodes for PIBs. Insights into the intrinsic K+-storage processes of the Bi@N-CNCs anode are put forward from comprehensive in situ characterizations.
- Sun, Zehang,Liu, Yang,Ye, Weibin,Zhang, Jinyang,Wang, Yuyan,Lin, Yue,Hou, Linrui,Wang, Ming-Sheng,Yuan, Changzhou
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- Thermal properties of Bi nanowire arrays with different orientations and diameters
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The thermal properties of single-crystalline Bi nanowire arrays with different orientations and diameters were studied by differential scanning calorimeter and in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Bi nanowires were fabricated by a pulsed electrodeposition technique within the porous anodic alumina membrane. The relationships between the orientation and diameter of Bi nanowires and the corresponding thermal properties are deduced solely from experimental results. It is shown that the melting point decreases with decreasing nanowire diameter, and there is an anisotropic thermal expansion property of Bi nanowires with different orientations and diameters. The transition of the thermal expansion coefficient from positive at low temperature to negative at high temperature for Bi nanowire arrays was analyzed and discussed.
- Zhu, Yonggang,Dou, Xincun,Huang, Xiaohu,Li, Ang,Li, Guanghai
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- Synthesis and molecular structure of the novel bismuth(III) sulfonate complex [Bi(C18H14P(O)SO3)2 (DMSO) 3](NO3)·DMSO·2H2O
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The synthesis of [Bi(C18H14P(O)SO3) 2(DMSO)3] (NO3)·DMSO·2H 2O starting from [Bi6O4(OH)4] (NO3)6·H2O and 2-(diphenylphosphino) benzenesulfonic acid is presented.31P{1H }-NMR experiments confirm the in situ oxidation of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzenesulfonic acid to give 2-(diphenylphosphine oxide)benzenesulfonic acid by heating in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In the presence of [Bi6O4(OH) 4](NO3)6·H2O, subsequent formation of single crystals of the title compound is observed. The crystal structure determination reveals that the bismuth atom shows a [5 + 4] coordination with short Bi-O distances in the range of 2.278(11) to 2.398(11) A to the oxygen atoms of DMSO and phosphine oxide groups and with longer Bi-O bonds of 2.74(2) and 2.88(2) A to the chelating sulfonate groups.
- Schlesinger, Maik,Rueffer, Tobias,Lang, Heinrich,Mehring, Michael
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- Synthesis of bis(tricarbonylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum)-bismuth(III) chloride and its reaction with metals
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Polynuclear organometallic compounds [CpMo(CO)3]2BiCl and [CpMo(CO)3]BiCl2 were prepared by reaction of bismuth with tricarbonylcyclopentadienylmoiybdenum chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). [CpMo(CO)3/
- Piskunov,Maslennikov,Spirina,Artemov,Malysheva
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- Femtosecond transition-state absorption spectroscopy of Bi atoms produced by photodissociation of gaseous Bi2 molecules
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Femtosecond transition-state absorption spectroscopy has been performed on Bi atoms produced by the 308 nm photodissociation of Bi2 molecules contained in bismuth vapor.The transient spectra obtained are all clearly identifiable as atomic, yet
- Glownia, J. H.,Misewich, J. A.,Sorokin, P. P.
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- N-Doped carbon encapsulating Bi nanoparticles derived from metal-organic frameworks for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
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Bismuth (Bi), as an alloy-based material, has been demonstrated as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the large volume change of the Bi anode during the sodiation/desodiation process results in poor cycling performance, which limits its practical application. In the present work, a simple one-step route was realized to fabricate Bi nanoparticles embedded into a N-doped carbon matrix (Bi@NC) by calcining Bi-containing metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) precursors. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of Bi nanoparticles and the conductive N-doped carbon matrix, the composite can not only reduce the ion/electron diffusion pathways and enhance the reaction kinetics, but can also effectively alleviate the volume expansion during alloying/dealloying processes. As a result, the Bi@NC electrode displayed an excellent electrochemical performance with a superior rate capability of 86% capacity retention at 10 A g?1and a high capacity of 326.9 mA h g?1after 5000 cycles at 2 A g?1. Furthermore, the assembled full cell with a Na3V2(PO4)3cathode and a Bi@NC anode also delivered an impressive electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 125 W h kg?1(based on the total mass of cathode and anode materials). Furthermore, the sodium storage mechanism was also elucidated through in-depth fundamental investigation usingin situX-ray diffraction (XRD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
- Chen, Huimin,Chen, Lin,He, Xiaojie,Huang, Shuping,Wei, Mingdeng
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p. 22048 - 22055
(2021/10/14)
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- Structural Optimization of Metal Oxyhalide for CO2 Reduction with High Selectivity and Current Density
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Electrochemical CO2 reduction into value-added liquid fuels using CO2 neutral renewable energy sources is very promising to solve climatic issues. In order to realize their practical applications, highly active and inexpensive electr
- Duan, Yan-Xin,Liu, Kai-Hua,Meng, Fan-Lu,Zhang, Qi,Zhang, Xin-Bo
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supporting information
p. 1752 - 1756
(2020/11/27)
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- Active bismuth mediated allylation of carbonyls/N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water
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Abstract: Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at 50°C. The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes. Graphical Abstract:: Synopsis Active bismuth mediated allylation/crotylation of aldehydes is developed in water to get homoallyl alcohols. The method is also applied for the allylation of N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water to achieve the homoallyl amines and homopropargyl alcohols, respectively. The reactions do not require the assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Sawkmie, Micky Lanster,Paul, Dipankar,Khatua, Snehadrinarayan,Chatterjee, Paresh Nath
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- Studies on the thermal stability of BiFeO3 and the phase diagram of Bi-Fe-O system
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The thermal stability of BiFeO3 was examined by different experimental techniques and found that it is metastable at low temperatures and it attains thermodynamic stability at around 940 K. Long term equilibration studies at 773 and 1023 K, and characterization of coexisting phases by XRD revealed the phase fields. Based on this, the isothermal section of the ternary phase diagram of Bi-Fe-O system was constructed at 773 and 1023 K.
- Meera,Ganesan, Rajesh,Gnanasekaran
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p. 1108 - 1118
(2019/03/28)
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- Generating Defect-Rich Bismuth for Enhancing the Rate of Nitrogen Electroreduction to Ammonia
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The electrochemical N2 fixation, which is far from practical application in aqueous solution under ambient conditions, is extremely challenging and requires a rational design of electrocatalytic centers. We observed that bismuth (Bi) might be a promising candidate for this task because of its weak binding with H adatoms, which increases the selectivity and production rate. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized defect-rich Bi nanoplates as an efficient noble-metal-free N2 reduction electrocatalyst via a low-temperature plasma bombardment approach. When exclusively using 1H NMR measurements with N2 gas as a quantitative testing method, the defect-rich Bi(110) nanoplates achieved a 15NH3 production rate of 5.453 μg mgBi?1 h?1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 11.68 % at ?0.6 V vs. RHE in aqueous solution at ambient conditions.
- Wang, Yue,Shi, Miao-miao,Bao, Di,Meng, Fan-lu,Zhang, Qi,Zhou, Yi-tong,Liu, Kai-hua,Zhang, Yan,Wang, Jia-zhi,Chen, Zhi-wen,Liu, Da-peng,Jiang, Zheng,Luo, Mi,Gu, Lin,Zhang, Qing-hua,Cao, Xing-zhong,Yao, Yao,Shao, Min-hua,Zhang, Yu,Zhang, Xin-Bo,Chen, Jingguang G.,Yan, Jun-min,Jiang, Qing
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supporting information
p. 9464 - 9469
(2019/06/08)
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- Electrochemical behavior of Bi4B2O9 towards lithium-reversible conversion reactions without nanosizing
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Conversion type materials, in particular metal fluorides, have emerged as attractive candidates for positive electrodes in next generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their practical use is being hindered by issues related to reversibility and large polarization. To minimize these issues, a few approaches enlisting the anionic network have been considered. We herein report the electrochemical properties of bismuth oxyborate Bi4B2O9 and show that this compound reacts with lithium via a conversion reaction leading to a sustained capacity of 140 mA h g-1 when cycled between 1.7 and 3.5 V vs. Li+/Li0 while having a surprisingly small polarization (～300 mV) in the presence of solely 5% in weight of a carbon additive. These observations are rationalized in terms of charge transfer kinetics via complementary XRD, HRTEM and NMR measurements. This finding demonstrates that borate based conversion type materials display rapid charge transfer with limited carbon additives, hence offering a new strategy to improve their overall cycling efficiency.
- Strauss, Florian,Rousse, Gwena?lle,Batuk, Dmitry,Tang, Mingxue,Salager, Elodie,Dra?i?, Goran,Dominko, Robert,Tarascon, Jean-Marie
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p. 2330 - 2338
(2018/02/07)
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- Comprehensive Study on Reactions of Group 13 Diyls with Tetraorganodipentelanes
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L1Ga {L1 = HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2} reversibly reacts with E2Ph4 (E = Sb, Bi) in a temperature-dependent equilibrium reaction with insertion into the E-E bond and formation of L1Ga(EPh2)2 (E = Sb 1, Bi 2). Analogous findings were observed in the reactions of L2Ga {L2 = (C6H11)2NC[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2} with E2R4 (R = Ph, Et), yielding L2Ga(EPh2)2 (E = Sb 3, Bi 4) and L2Ga(EEt2)2 (E = Sb 5, Bi 6). 1-3 and 5 were isolated by fractional crystallization at low temperature, whereas 4 and 6 could not be isolated in their pure form even at low temperature. In contrast, reactions of [Cp?Al]4 (Cp? = C5Me5) with Sb2R4 (R = Ph, Et) and Bi2Et4 did not proceed with insertion into the E-E bonds but with formation of (Cp?Al)3E2 (E = Sb, 7; Bi, 8), whereas the reaction with Bi2Ph4 yielded metallic bismuth. 8 was also formed in the reaction of [Cp?Al]4 and BiEt3 at ambient temperature, whereas the analogous reaction of [Cp?Al]4 with SbEt3 did not yield 7 even under drastic reaction conditions (120 °C, 3 days). In contrast, Cp?Ga and Sb2R4 (R = Ph, Et) were found to react only at elevated temperature (120 °C) with formation of antimony metal.
- Ganesamoorthy, Chelladurai,Krüger, Julia,Gl?ckler, Eduard,Helling, Christoph,John, Lukas,Frank, Walter,W?lper, Christoph,Schulz, Stephan
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p. 9495 - 9503
(2018/08/17)
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- Formation of Nd1–xBixFeO3 Nanocrystals under Conditions of Glycine-Nitrate Synthesis
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Nd1–xBixFeO3 nanocrystals with crystallite size 30?60 nm have been prepared under conditions of glycine–nitrate burning. Single-phase Nd1–xBixFeO3 nanocrystals are formed over the entire studied concentrations range if the glycine–nitrate synthesis is performed in excess of the oxidizer. Under these conditions, a continuous range of the Nd1–xBixFeO3 solid solutions (0 ≤ х ≤ 0.75) crystallized in the rhombic system (space group Pbnm) are formed without crystallization of the burning intermediates. The Nd1–xBixFeO3 solid solutions (х = 0.775, 0.8) crystallize in the rhombic system (space group Pbаm).
- Karpov,Tomkovich,Tugova
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p. 2133 - 2138
(2018/12/11)
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- Morphology control and large piezoresponse of hydrothermally synthesized lead-free piezoelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 nanofibres
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Lead-free piezoelectric bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) nanostructures were synthesised using a low-temperature hydrothermal technique. It is found that the phase and morphology of the products are strongly dependent on the composition and concentration of the precursors, as well as the processing conditions. Through optimising the synthesis parameters, well-crystallized BNT nanofibers with 150-200 nm diameters and ～5 μm length were obtained. The BNT fibres show a pure perovskite phase with (011) orientation along the length direction. A piezoelectric constant of d33 = ～15 pm V-1 in the diameter direction was observed for these BNT nanofibers.
- Ghasemian, Mohammad Bagher,Lin, Qianru,Adabifiroozjaei, Esmaeil,Wang, Feifei,Chu, Dewei,Wang, Danyang
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p. 15020 - 15026
(2017/03/17)
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- Conversion Reactions of Solids: From a Surprising Three-Step Mechanism towards Directed Product Formation
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Directed conversion reactions from binary to multinary compounds are discovered from the reaction of Bi2S3 and Bi2Se3 with NiCl2·6 H2O in polyol media under basic conditions. Control of the synthesis conditions allows the preparation of NiBiSe and superconducting Ni3Bi2S2 and Ni3Bi2Se2. The formation of Ni3Bi2S2 from Bi2S3 is found from an unexpected three-step reaction path with Bi and NiBi as intermediates. In the more complex Ni/Bi/Se system, the mechanism found can be used to selectively direct the reaction between the competing ternaries and to suppress side-product formation. Contrary to solid-state reactions (500-900 °C) control of product formation is reached at reaction temperatures and times between 166-300 °C and 0.5-10 h, respectively. The formation of different phases is discussed from results of DFT calculations.
- Rommel, Stefan Michael,Krach, Alexander,Peter, Philipp,Weihrich, Richard
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supporting information
p. 6333 - 6339
(2016/05/09)
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- Effect of the molecular structure and surface charge of a bismuth catalyst on the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dye mixtures
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[Bi6O6(OH)3](NO3)3·1.5H2O plates were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The effect of the pH value, hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, and concentration of Bi(iii) ion and additives on the morphology and properties of the samples were investigated. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). It was found that under ultraviolet light irradiation (≤420 nm), the sample prepared at pH = 0.72 displays a higher photocatalytic activity than those prepared at higher pH values, which has been mainly ascribed to the promoted oxygen adsorption at low pH values. Moreover, we investigated the effects of the molecular structure and surface charge on the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dye mixtures (methyl orange (MO)-methylene blue (MB) and MO-rhodamine B (RhB)). The results show that in the MB-MO mixture, the adsorption and degradation of both MO and MB are promoted greatly by electrostatic forces; while in the RhB-MO mixture, the degradation of RhB is greatly reduced by MO due to competitive adsorption. These findings help us to understand degradation processes for real wastewater samples containing more than one pollutant.
- Wang, Shurong,Teng, Fei,Zhao, Yunxuan
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p. 76588 - 76598
(2015/09/28)
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- Wet-chemical synthesis of different bismuth telluride nanoparticles using metal organic precursors-single source vs. dual source approach
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Thermolysis of the single source precursor (Et2Bi)2Te 1 in DIPB at 80 °C yielded phase-pure Bi4Te3 nanoparticles, while mixtures of Bi4Te3 and elemental Bi were formed at higher temperatures. In contrast, cubic Bi2Te particles were obtained by thermal decomposition of Et2BiTeEt 2 in DIPB. Moreover, a dual source approach (hot injection method) using the reaction of Te(SiEt3)2 and Bi(NMe2)3 was applied for the synthesis of different pure Bi-Te phases including Bi2Te, Bi4Te3 and Bi2Te3, which were characterized by PXRD, REM, TEM and EDX. The influence of reaction temperature, precursor molar ratio and thermolysis conditions on the resulting material phase was verified. Moreover, reactions of alternate bismuth precursors such as Bi(NEt2)3, Bi(NMeEt)3 and BiCl3 with Te(SiEt3)2 were investigated.
- Bendt, Georg,Weber, Anna,Heimann, Stefan,Assenmacher, Wilfried,Prymak, Oleg,Schulz, Stephan
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p. 14272 - 14280
(2015/08/18)
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- Salt-Free Reduction of Nonprecious Transition-Metal Compounds: Generation of Amorphous Ni Nanoparticles for Catalytic C-C Bond Formation
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A salt-free procedure for the generation of a wide variety of metal(0) particles, including Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, was achieved using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1), which reduced the corresponding metal precursors under mild conditions. Notably, Ni particles formed in situ from the treatment of Ni(acac)2 (acac=acetylacetonate) with 1 in toluene exhibited significant catalytic activity for reductive C-C bond-forming reactions of aryl halides in the presence of excess amounts of 1. By examination of high-magnification transmission electron microscopy images and electron diffraction patterns, we concluded that amorphous Ni nanoparticles (Ni aNPs) were essential for the high catalytic activity.
- Yurino, Taiga,Ueda, Yohei,Shimizu, Yoshiki,Tanaka, Shinji,Nishiyama, Haruka,Tsurugi, Hayato,Sato, Kazuhiko,Mashima, Kazushi
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supporting information
p. 14437 - 14441
(2016/01/25)
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- Bismuth film electrode for stripping voltammetric measurement of sildenafil citrate
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A simple and fast procedure for measuring low concentration of sildenafil citrate (SC), also known as Viagra, at the ex situ prepared bismuth film electrode (BiFE) is demonstrated. The BiFE was prepared ex situ on the surface of a glassy carbon substrate electrode and employed in adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric mode in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5) in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Electroanalytical properties of the BiFE were studied and compared with the ex situ prepared mercury film electrode, lead film electrode and with bare glassy carbon electrode. The BiFE revealed a LoD (3σ) of 1.8 × 10-8 mol L-1 using 120 s accumulation time and good linear response in the examined concentration range of 1.0 × 10-7 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 SC with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995 using short accumulation time of 30 s. The obtained very good repeatability of 1.5% (c = 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1, n = 15) corroborated potential applicability of the BiFE for measuring SC, for example in pharmaceutical formulations. A successful preliminary study using constant current chronopotentiometric stripping mode has been also carried out.
- Sopha, Hanna,Hocevar, Samo B.,Pihlar, Boris,Ogorevc, Bozidar
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p. 274 - 277
(2012/02/14)
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- Preferred orientation control of Bi deposits using experimental strategies
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Based on the experimental strategy of fractional factorial design (FFD) and path of the steepest descentascent (PSDPSA), the preferred orientation ratio of Bi(110)Bi(012) facets of Bi deposits electroplated under a direct-current (dc) mode could be precisely controlled and predicted. The intensity ratio of Bi(110)Bi(012) facets (i.e., the preferred orientation ratio which is denoted as f) was employed as the response variable since this variable was found to be one of the key factors determining the sensitive ability of bismuth-film electrodes (BFEs) to Sn(II). In the FFD study, temperature of the plating bath was identified to be the key factor affecting the preferred orientation ratio of Bi deposits meanwhile f only weakly depended on pH, current density, and stirring rate. From the PSDPSA study, a simple but reliable model for changing the preferred orientation ratio was constructed and the deposit plated at 28°C and pH = 4.25 showed the highest f value. Moreover, BFEs with various f values could be easily prepared and controlled, meanwhile the morphologies of Bi deposits with different f values were also examined in this work.
- Lien, Chien-Hung,Hu, Chi-Chang,Tsai, Yi-Da,Shan-Hill Wang, David
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p. D260-D264
(2012/04/23)
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- Electrodeposition of bismuth telluride thermoelectric films from a nonaqueous electrolyte using ethylene glycol
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Ethylene glycol was studied as an electrolyte for the electrodeposition of thermoelectric bismuth telluride films by cyclic voltammetry, rotating ring disk electrode and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The reduction of both Bi3+ and Te4+ ions proceeds in one step without the formation of intermediates at potentials more negative than +0.2 V and +0.55 V vs. SHE, respectively. The diffusion coefficients and the rate constants for reduction were found to be similar for Bi and Te. Stoichiometric Bi 2Te3 films with a uniform composition profile were obtained from solutions containing up to 1 M of Bi(NO3)3 and TeCl4, at current densities up to 5 A dm-2 (～102 μm h-1). Both p- and n-type bismuth telluride films could be obtained, as confirmed by Seebeck coefficient measurements.
- Nguyen, Hai P.,Wu, Minxian,Su, Jiale,Vullers, Ruud J.M.,Vereecken, Philippe M.,Fransaer, Jan
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- Hydrazine reduction of metal ions to porous submicro-structures of Ag, Pd, Cu, Ni, and Bi
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Porous submicro-structures of Ag, Pd, Cu, Ni, and Bi with high surface area have been prepared by the reduction of hydrazine in glycerol-ethanol solution at room temperature or 120-180 °C. Phase purity, morphology, and specific surface area have been characterized. The reactions probably undergo three different mechanisms: simple reduction for Ag and Pd, coordination-then- reduction for Cu and Ni, and hydrolysis-then-reduction for Bi. The reductant hydrazine also plays an important role to the formation of the porous submicro-structure. The reaction temperature influences the size of the constituent particles and the overall architecture of the submicro-structure so as to influence the surface area value. The as-prepared porous metals have shown the second largest surface area ever reported, which are smaller than those made by the reduction of NaBH4, but larger than those made by hard or soft template methods.
- Wang, Yue,Shi, Yong-Fang,Chen, Yu-Biao,Wu, Li-Ming
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- Synthesis and thermal decomposition of [Bi6O6(OH) 2](NH2C6H4SO3) 4
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An investigation of the interaction of Bi(III) with an aqueous solution of sulfanilic acid at a higher temperature is performed. As a result, a new composition [Bi6O6(OH)2](NH2C 6H4SO3)4 is precipitated. This Bi(III) complex is characterized by various methods: elemental analysis, DTA, TG-MS, DSC, FTIR, and powder X-ray diffraction. Based on the experimental results, X-ray diffraction indexation as well as thermal decomposition products of the compound are suggested.
- Zahariev, Alexander,Kaloyanov, Nikolay,Girginov, Christian,Parvanova, Veneta
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- BISMUTH-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, COORDINATION POLYMERS, METHODS FOR MODULATING PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS, AND METHODS FOR TREATING PATIENTS
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Bismuth-containing compounds include bismuth and a biologically active agent coordinated to the bismuth. The biologically active agent includes at least one heteroatom configured for coordination with the bismuth. Coordination polymers include a polymer matrix that contains a bismuth-containing compound. Methods for modulating a pharmacokinetic property of a biologically active agent include coordinating the biologically active agent to bismuth to form a bismuth-containing compound, and administering the bismuth-containing compound orally to a patient. Methods for treating Parkinson's disease, methods for treating hypothyroidism, methods for treating ulcerative colitis, and methods for treating cancer each include administering a bismuth-containing compound to a patient.
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- Interaction of bismuth(III) oxide with formic acid solutions
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The interaction of bismuth(III) oxide with formic acid solutions at 22 and 55°C was studied using X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. Solubility curves were found to comprise two branches due to formates of compositions Bi(COOH)3 and BiOCOOH forming in the system. Thermal decomposition of bismuth formates is shown to be a promising route for the synthesis of metallic bismuth, as well as of tetragonal (β) and monoclinic (a) bismuth oxides.
- Mishchenko,Yukhin,Vorsina
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p. 564 - 568
(2012/07/14)
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- A facile hydrothermal method to BiSbO4 nanoplates with superior photocatalytic performance for benzene and 4-chlorophenol degradations
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BiSbO4 nanoplates with a large BET specific area has been prepared successfully via a facile hydrothermal reaction from Sb 2O3 and Bi(NO3)3. The effects of reaction conditions and the precursors on the final products were investigated. It is proposed that the redox reaction between Sb2O3 and Bi(NO3)3 plays a pivotal role in the formation of nanocrystalline BiSbO4. The hydrothermally prepared nanocrystalline BiSbO4 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2-sorption BET surface area, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The DRS result clarifies that BiSbO4, originally believed to be a visible light responsive photocatalyst, is indeed UV light responsive with a band gap of 3.5 eV. The existence of Bi containing an impurity may be responsible for the visible light response of BiSbO4 prepared via a conventional solid state reaction. BiSbO4 nanoplates prepared via the hydrothermal method showed superior photocatalytic performance for the degradation of benzene and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as compared to BiSbO4 prepared via a solid state reaction and Degussa P25. BiSbO4(Hy) nanoplates can be a promising photocatalyst in the treatment of environmental pollution. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- You, Qingqing,Fu, Yanghe,Ding, Zhengxin,Wu, Ling,Wang, Xuxu,Li, Zhaohui
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p. 5774 - 5780
(2011/08/04)
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- Elaborated 1H NMR study for the ligitional behavior of two thiosemicarbazide derivatives towards some heavy metals (Sn(II), Sb(III), Pb(II) and Bi(III)), thermal, antibacterial and antifungal studies
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A new series of heavy metal complexes are prepared. Sn(II), Sb(III), Pb(II) and Bi(III) are the metal ions used in complexation with two thiosemicarbazide ligands. The IR and 1H NMR spectra of the free ligands display their presence in thiole-thione forms coincide with each other. The IR spectra of the complexes support the presence of 2:2 molar ratio (M:HL) with HL1 ligand and 1:1 beside 1:2 with HL2. The ligand coordinates as bi molecules in some complexes and displays two tautomer forms at the same complex molecule 1H NMR spectra of Sn(II) and Sb(III) complexes were done and comes coincide with IR data. The electronic spectral analysis displays a lower shift appearance in n → π* charge transfer band in most isolated complexes. As well as, a new band is shinned in visible region with Sb(III), Bi(III) complexes and Sn(II)-HL2. This band is pointed to its use in spectrophotometric analysis for these metal ions. The TG analysis for all isolated compounds was briefly discussed. The molecular modeling parameters support the stability of thiole form of the free ligands in comparing with their thiones by a small difference. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied against some organisms and reveal the priority of most investigated complexes.
- El-Metwaly, Nashwa M.,Refat, Moamen S.
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p. 519 - 528
(2011/11/29)
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- Microwave synthesis of bismuth nanospheres using bismuth citrate as a precursor
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Well-separated bismuth nanospheres were successfully synthesized from bismuth citrate and urea in diethylene glycol by a fast and simple microwave irradiation method. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this fabrication, bismuth citrate plays a critical role as a precursor in the formation of bismuth nanospheres. The amount of urea also has an influence on the size of the bismuth nanospheres. The possible growth mechanism of bismuth nanospheres was discussed on the basis of the investigation of reaction time.
- Wu, Jiliang,Yang, Hanmin,Li, Hui,Lu, Zhong,Yu, Xianglin,Chen, Rong
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- Characterization of film failures by bismuth electrodeposition-Application to thin deformed fluorocarbon films for stent applications
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A new approach for the detection and visualization of nano-scaled film defects, such as fissures and holes is described. The procedure is based on a selective electrochemical deposition of bismuth onto uncovered parts of stainless steel substrates due to film cracking after deformation. Cyclic voltammetry experiments enabled the identification of the bismuth redox signals, necessary for the subsequent potentiostatic electrodeposition. A combination of XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses demonstrated that deposition with commonly used acidified electrolytes led to a significant film degradation, by defluorination and chain scission. When an identical procedure was performed in neutral conditions, which was realized by the addition of a bismuth chelating agent, no influence onto the integrity of the fluorocarbon coatings was observed. By SEM, XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses, the deposition of bismuth on the film defects was clearly demonstrated and the failures were evidenced. The identification of nano-scaled coating failures, which was extremely difficult before using common characterization tools, was now realized. This work makes part of a strategy to cover stent materials with a protective fluorocarbon layer and to examine the influence of stent expansion onto the film cohesive properties.
- Holvoet, Servaas,Horny, Paula,Turgeon, Stephane,Chevallier, Pascale,Pireaux, Jean-Jacques,Mantovani, Diego
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p. 1042 - 1050
(2010/04/04)
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- Bi and Te thin films synthesized by galvanic displacement from acidic nitric baths
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Bismuth (Bi) and tellurium (Te) thin films were formed by galvanic displacement of different sacrificial iron group thin films [i.e. nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe)] where the formation was systematically investigated by monitoring the change of op
- Chang, Chong Hyun,Rheem, Youngwoo,Choa, Yong-Ho,Shin, Dong Hyuk,Park, Deok-Yong,Myung, Nosang V.
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p. 743 - 752
(2010/05/01)
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- Effects of oxygen content on Bi3Mn3O 11+Δ: From 45 K Antiferromagnetism to Room-Temperature True Ferromagnetism
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The effects of oxygen content on the structural, physical, and chemical properties of Bi3Mn3O11 with KSbO 3-type structure have been investigated. It was found that the oxygen content in Bi3Mn3O11+Δ can vary over a wide Δ range, keeping the same cubic structure (space group Pn3, a = 9.12172(5) A for Δ = -0.5, a = 9.13784(8) A for Δ = 0, and a = 9.09863(7) A for Δ = 0.6) and semiconducting properties of the material. At the same time, magnetic properties change from true antiferromagnetic with TN = 45 K for Δ = -0.5 to true ferromagnetic with TC = 307 K for Δ = +0.6. Bi 3Mn3O11 (Δ = 0) shows ferrimagnetic-like properties with TC = 150 K and features typical for a re-entrant spin-glass below 30 K. Noticeable changes of the magnetic transition temperature and magnetism in Bi3Mn3O11+Δ with Δ can be compared with changes of the magnetic and electronic properties of LaMnO3+Δ, BiMnO3+Δ, high-temperature copper superconductors (e.g., YBa2Cu3O7+Δ), and other cuprates. Bi3Mn3O11.6 shows a new record high TC among insulating/semiconducting true ferromagnets. Our results demonstrate that the oxygen content can vary for the same cation composition in KSbO3-type materials, and the oxygen content can be increased up to BiMnO3.867 (Bi3Mn3O 11.6).
- Belik, Alexei A.,Takayama-Muromachi, Eiji
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p. 12426 - 12432
(2010/10/02)
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- Hydrothermal synthesis of two cationic bismuthate clusters: An alkylenedisulfonate bridged hexamer, [Bi6O4(OH) 4(H2O)2][(CH2)2(SO 3)2]3 and a rare nonamer templated by triflate, [Bi9O8(OH)6][CF3SO 3]5
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This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and application of two cationic bismuthate clusters by anion templating. The compounds were synthesized under mild hydrothermal treatment and characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The first material consists of a cationic hexanuclear bismuthate cluster octahedral in geometry and linked by 1,2-ethanedisulfonate molecules. This structure is thermally stable to about 235 °C. In the second compound, discrete cationic nonanuclear bismuthate clusters interact electrostatically with trifluoromethanesulfonate anions to pack into a nearly layered assembly. The material undergoes a transformation to Bi2O3 upon loss of the triflate groups at about 385 °C. Both materials demonstrate the use of sulfonate groups for the anion-directed assembly of these rare cationic inorganic structures. The application of the 3D octahedral bismuth cluster material toward acidic heterogeneous catalysis is also reported.
- Rogow, David L.,Fei, Honghan,Brennan, Daniel P.,Ikehata, Mariko,Zavalij, Peter Y.,Oliver, Allen G.,Oliver, Scott R. J.
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p. 5619 - 5624
(2010/08/05)
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- Characterization and thermal analysis of thiourea and bismuth trichloride complex
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A complex of thiourea and bismuth trichloride has been synthesized. Its composition is Bi3Cl9[SC (NH2) 2]7. Crystallographic data are a = 7.141(2) A , b = 8.820(3) A , c = 16.365(5) A , α = 99.389(4)°, β = 95.422 (4)°, γ = 106.177(4)°, triclinic system. There are the mononuclear anion [BiCl5SC(NH2)2]2- and the dinuclear cation {Bi2Cl4[SC(NH2) 2]6}2+ with the Bi-Cl-Bi bridge bonds in the complex. The electric conductance of the absolute methanol solution contained the complex indicates that the complex is an ionic compound. Raman spectra indicate that the bismuth ion is coordinated by the sulfur atoms of the thiourea. The thermal analysis verifies the structure of complex. The TG-MASS curves show the structure rearrangement in the complex at about 118 °C. The DSC curves and calculation means that the structure rearrangement is irreversible. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary 2009.
- Luan, Shao Rong,Zhu, Yi Hua,Jia, Yu Qing,Cao, Qing
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p. 523 - 530
(2010/09/06)
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- Melting and undercooling of bismuth nanocrystals by solvothermal synthesis
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The nanocrystals of bismuth with nanowire and sphere in shape were synthesized by solvothermal process, and it was found that the amount of nanowires would be reduced by the proper choice of the reaction solvents. The crystal structure of the as-prepared
- Zou,Gao,Yang,Zhai
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p. 4045 - 4050
(2010/03/04)
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- Sol-gel autocombustion synthesis of metals and metal alloys
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Go for the burn! Sol-gel autocombustion is an energy-efficient approach to synthesizing metals, such as Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Bi, and Co-Ni alloy. Based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) and mass spectrometry measurements (see picture for Ni gel), a reacti
- Jiang, Yuwen,Yang, Shaoguang,Hua, Zhenghe,Huang, Hongbo
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p. 8529 - 8531
(2009/12/26)
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- The underpotential deposition of Bi2Te3-ySey thin films by an electrochemical co-deposition method
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Bi2Te3-ySey thin films were grown on Au(1 1 1) substrates using an electrochemical co-deposition method at 25 °C. The appropriate co-deposition potentials based on the underpotential deposition (upd) potentials of Bi, Te a
- K?se, Hilal,Bi?er, Mustafa,Tütüno?lu, ?a?la,Aydin, Ali Osman,?i?man, Ilkay
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p. 1680 - 1686
(2009/03/12)
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- Microscopic and electrochemical characterization of lead film electrode applied in adsorptive stripping analysis
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Lead film electrodes (PbFEs) deposited in situ on glassy carbon or carbon paste supports have recently found application in adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of inorganic ions and organic substances. In this work, the PbFE, prepared in ammon
- Bobrowski, Andrzej,Kalcher, Kurt,Kurowska, Katarzyna
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p. 7214 - 7221
(2009/12/08)
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- Precipitation of bismuth(III) salicylates from mineral acid solutions
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Powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and chemical analysis were used to study the precipitation of bismuth(III) salicylates from perchloric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid solutions as dependent on the salicylate
- Timakova,Udalova,Yukhin
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p. 873 - 880
(2009/10/01)
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- Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal behavior of [BiAg 3Br6(PPh3)6] and [Bi 3Ag6(SPh)6Cl3(PPhiPr 2)3]
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The synthesis and structural characterization of two silver bismuth complexes [BiAg3Br6(PPh3)6] (1) and [Bi3Ag6(SPh)12Cl3(PPhiPr 2)3] (2) is repo
- Sommer, Heino,Eichhoefer, Andreas,Fenske, Dieter
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p. 1997 - 2001
(2010/03/30)
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- Fabrication of urchin-like bismuth nanostructures via a facile solvothermal route
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A facile solution-phase process has been demonstrated for the preparation of urchin-like bismuth nanostructures by reducing bismuth nitrate with ethylene glycol. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) have been used to characterize the as-prepared products. The formation mechanism has been proposed. Copyright
- Tang, Chunjuan,Zhang,Wang, Guozhong,Wang,Li, Guanghai
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p. 722 - 723
(2008/12/21)
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- Nonadditive linearity in the chemostimulating effect of activator oxides + dlient compositions on GaAs thermal oxidation
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The chemostimulation efficiency of the activators Sb2O 3 and Bi2O3 in compositions with a diluent (Al2O3) is a linear function of activator percentage over a wide range of temperatures. This function is not, however, additive to the thicknesses achieved in the presence of individual components. The percentage of the activator elements in the resulting oxide layers coincides with that in the initial compositions in the linear region and differs from it in the nonadditivity region. Thermal analysis in combination with X-ray powder diffraction showed that Al2O3 alters the temperature range and character of the intrinsic transformations of activator oxides.
- Penskoi,Pshestanchik,Kostryukov,Kuznetsova,Agapov,Mittova
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p. 186 - 191
(2008/10/09)
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- Alteration of crystal structure of bismuth confined in cylindrical nanopores
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The effect of nanoscopic cylindrical confinement on the crystal structures and crystallization behaviors of Bi was investigated. While the crystallites of Bi nanorods were found to have a higher orientation proportional to the degree of confinement, an alteration of the crystal orientation between electrodeposited and recrystallized Bi nanorods was observed. Thermal analysis confirmed a structural difference between the as-deposited and recrystallized nanorods and that a crystallization mechanism where nucleation determines the overall rate of crystallization occurred during recrystallization. The crystal structure, including the preferred crystal orientation, is discussed in terms of the dominant crystallization mechanism under the cylindrical nanoconfinement.
- Noh, Kyong Wook,Woo, Euntaek,Shin, Kyusoon
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p. 130 - 134
(2008/03/17)
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