156-62-7 Usage
Chemical Properties
Calcium cyanamide is a blackish-gray, shiny crystalline material or powder.
Physical properties
Pure product is a colorless, hexagonal crystal or white powder. Commercial grade material may be grayish-black powder or lump (the color is due to presence of calcium carbide and other impurities); density 2.29 g/cm3; melts around 1,340°C; sublimes around 1,150 to 1,200°C on rapid heating; reacts with water.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 156-62-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Manufacture of calcium cyanide and
dicyandiamide; formerly used as a defoliant and
herbicide
2. Calcium Cyanamide is used as a fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide, a steel-making additive and an ore processing material. It can also be used to make thiourea, guanidine and ferrocyanides. manufacture of calcium cyanide, melamine, dicyandiamide.
3. Calcium cyanamide has
its major use as a fertilizer. However, it has a number of other
uses, such as a herbicide and a defoliant for cotton plants. It is
finding increasing use as a chemical intermediate. For example,
it is being used to produce dicyandiamide, which in turn can be polymerized to form the widely used monomer,
melamine. The conversion to calcium cyanide and hence
into a variety of other uses is also important commercially.
Definition
Different sources of media describe the Definition of 156-62-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. ChEBI: The calcium salt of cyanamide, formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen
2. calcium cyanamide: A colourlesssolid, CaCN2, which sublimes at1300°C. It is prepared by heating calciumdicarbide at 800°C in a streamof nitrogen:CaC2(s) + N2(g) → CaCN2(s) + C(s)The reaction has been used as amethod of fixing nitrogen in countriesin which cheap electricity isavailable to make the calcium dicarbide(the cyanamide process). Calciumcyanamide can be used as afertilizer because it reacts with waterto give ammonia and calcium carbonate:CaCN2(s) + 3H2O(l) → CaCO3(s) +2NH3(g)It is also used in the production ofmelamine, urea, and certain cyanidesalts.
Production Methods
Calcium cyanamide was first produced commercially around
1900 as a fertilizer. The process of making calcium cyanamide
involves three raw materials—coke, coal, and limestone—
plus nitrogen. The limestone (calcium carbonate) is
burned with coal to produce calcium oxide. The calcium
oxide is then allowed to react with amorphous carbon in the
furnace at 2000°C with the formation of calcium carbide
(CaC2). Finely powdered calcium carbide is heated to
1000°C in an electric furnace into which pure nitrogen
is passed. It is then removed and uncombined calcium
carbide removed by leaching.
Preparation
Calcium cyanamide is prepared from calcium carbide. The carbide powder is heated at about 1,000°C in an electric furnace into which nitrogen is passed for several hours. The product is cooled to ambient temperatures and any unreacted carbide is leached out cautiously with water.
CaC2 + N2 → CaCN2 + C (ΔH?°= –69.0 kcal/mol at 25°C)
General Description
A colorless to gray, odorless solid. May cause illness from ingestion. May irritate the skin. If exposed to water or high temperatures, calcium cyanamide may generate toxic and flammable fumes. Used to make pesticides and in fertilizers.
Air & Water Reactions
Depending on the calcium carbide content, the cyanamide reacts with water (moisture from air or soil) to produce acetylene and hydrated calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Absorption of water during handling or storage of technical calcium cyanamide may cause explosion [Pieri, M. Chem. Abs. 46, 8335 1952].
Reactivity Profile
When hydrated CALCIUM CARBIDE generates salts of calcium that are basic and are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.
Hazard
Fire risk with moisture or combined with
calcium carbide. Skin, eye, and upper respiratory
tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Agricultural Uses
Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) is a dark colored,
granulated material containing around 21 % nitrogen. Its
dark color is due to the presence of calcium carbide.
Calcium cyanamide is produced by heating a mixture
of limestone with coal in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Generally, the process is carried out in three steps. In the
first step, calcium carbonate (limestone) is decomposed
at about 1100°C.
In the second step, calcium oxide (CaO) and coke (or
coal) are heated in an electric furnace to produce calcium
carbide.
The final step involves heating the powdered calcium
carbide at about 1100°C with pure nitrogen (produced by
liquefaction of air and fractional distillation) to produce
calcium cyanamide.
The fertilizer-grade calcium cyanamide contains 21 %
nitrogen, 11 % calcium, 11 % free carbon, 5% oil, 2 to
4% water and oxides of aluminum, iron and silicon. In
the presence of moisture and air, calcium
dicyandiamide (a poisonous compound) is formed. It
distinctly leaves alkalinity in the soil equivalent to 1.3 kg
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) per 0.45 kg of nitrogen
applied. At pH 7 or below, calcium dicyandiamide is
converted into urea and lime within one week of its being
in the soil.
When dry, calcium cyanamide is dusty but it is
generally used as granules. It is poisonous, irritating to
the skin and used as a pesticide, fertilizer and defoliant in
cotton. It is as good a fertilizer as sodium nitrate or
ammonium sulphate, but not as fast acting.
Calcium cyanamide is an excellent weed killer,
especially for tobacco plants, when applied 2 to 3 weeks
before sowing. It is also used for producing melamine,
urea and certain cyanide salts.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, sh contact, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Mutation data reported. The fatal dose,
by ingestion, is probably around 20 to 30 g
for an adult. It does not have a cyanide
effect. Calcium cyanamide is not believed to
have a cumulative action. Flammable.
Reaction with water forms the explosive
acetylene gas. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
and CN-. See also CALCIUM
COMPOUNDS, AMIDES, and
CYANIDE
Potential Exposure
Calcium cyanamide is used in agriculture as a fertilizer, herbicide; defoliant for cotton plants;
and pesticide. It is also used in the manufacture of dicyandiamide and calcium cyanide as a desulfurizer in the iron
and steel industry; and in steel hardening.
Carcinogenicity
Calcium cyanamide was weakly mutagenic
in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 and
nonmutagenic in strain TA100.
Shipping
UN1403 Calcium cyanamide with .1% calcium
carbide, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when
wet material
Incompatibilities
Commercial grades of calcium cyanamide may contain calcium carbide; contact with any form
of moisture solutions may cause decomposition, liberating
explosive acetylene gas and ammonia. Incompatible with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. May
polymerize in water or alkaline solutions to dicyanamide.
Contact with all solvents tested also causes decomposition
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 156-62-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,5 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 156-62:
(5*1)+(4*5)+(3*6)+(2*6)+(1*2)=57
57 % 10 = 7
So 156-62-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH2N2.Ca/c2-1-3;/h2H2;/q;+2
156-62-7Relevant articles and documents
Electrochemically prepared precursors for the formation of non-oxides
Russel,Zahneisen
, p. 2424 - 2428 (1992)
Various metals, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and Ta were anodically dissolved in an organic electrolyte composed of propylamine, acetonitrile, and tetrabutylammonium bromide. The electrode reactions were completely irreversible. At the cathode, the
Calcium carbodiimide compounds revisited - Syntheses, single crystal structure determination and vibrational spectra of Ca11N 6[CN2]2, Ca4N2[CN 2] and Ca[CN2]
Reckeweg, Olaf,DiSalvo, Francis J.
, p. 530 - 536 (2008)
Single crystals of Ca11N6[CN2]2 (dark red needles, tetragonal, P42/mnm (no. 136), a = 1456.22(5), and c = 361.86(2) pm, Z = 2), Ca4N2[CN2] (transparent yellow needles, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 1146.51(11), b = 358.33(4), and c = 1385.77(13) pm, Z = 4) and Ca[CN2] (transparent, colorless, triangular plates, rhombohedral, R3?m (no. 166), a = 369.00(3), and c = 1477.5(3) pm, Z = 3) were obtained by the reaction of Na 2[CN2], CaCl2 and Ca3N2 (if demanded by stoichiometry) in arc-welded Ta ampoules at temperatures between 1200-1400 K. Their crystal structures were re-determined by means of single crystal X-ray structure analyses. Additionally, the Raman spectra were recorded on these same single crystals, whereas the IR spectra were obtained with the KBr pellet technique. The title compounds exhibit characteristic features for carbodiimide units with D∞h symmetry (d(C-N) = 121.7-123.8 pm and ≮(N-C-N) = 180°). The vibrational frequencies of these units are in the expected range (Ca11N6[CN2]2: vs = 1230, vs = 2008; δ = 673/645/624 cm -1; Ca4N2[CN2]: vs = 1230, vs = 1986; δ = 672/647 cm-1; Ca[CN 2]: vs = 1274, vs = 2031, δ = 668 cm -1). The structural results are more precise than the previously reported data, and with the newly attained Raman spectrum of Ca 11N6[CN2]2 we correct data reported earlier.
Solid state metathesis reactions as a conceptual tool in the synthesis of new materials
Meyer, H.-Juergen
, p. 5973 - 5982 (2010/08/06)
Solid state metathesis reactions can be used in the syntheses of inorganic solids and for strategic design of novel, eventually thermally labile materials. An explorative study of solid state metathesis reactions is presented for a number of examples, including syntheses of nitridoborates, carbodiimides, tetracyanoborates, tetracyanamidosilicates, carbon-nitride materials, and a number of other exciting compounds. This unique type of reaction is very efficient because it uses the intrinsic energy of reaction partners being involved. Desired compositions are achieved by appropriate starting materials and their relative amounts being combined into a solid state metathesis reaction. Reactions can be controlled through the heating-up procedure and by using a reactive flux, which may lower the ignition temperature of a reaction mixture and promote crystal growth of products.
Synthesis and characterization of carbon- and nitrogen-centered (Z) trigonal prismatic tungsten clusters of the formula type A[W6ZCl 18]
Weisser, Martina,Burgert, Ralf,Schnoeckel, Hansgeorg,Meyer, H.-Juergen
, p. 633 - 640 (2009/04/13)
Solid state reactions of tungsten(IV) chloride and carbodiimides (cyanamides) of lithium, sodium, calcium and silver yielded black crystalline powders of centered (Z) trigonal-prismatic tungsten cluster compounds having the general formula A[W6ZCl18] with A = Li, Na, Ca, Ag and Z = C, N. Crystal structures of the corresponding compounds were investigated by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The nature of the central atom was studied by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. It turned out that the central atom can be C (in the case of the lithium and sodium compound) or N (in the case of the sodium and calcium compound).
5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides
-
, (2008/06/13)
5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides of the formula STR1 where R1 is hydrogen, a metal atom or an unsubstituted or substituted ammonium radical, R2 is a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical or 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen-, alkoxy- or alkylmercapto-substituted aliphatic radical of 2 to 10 carbon atoms tetrahydrofuryl substituted methyl, a cycloalkoxy-substituted aliphatic radical of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl or phenyl, halophenyl, or alkylphenyl of a total of up to 10 carbon atoms, R3 is hydrogen, a straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, haloalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and X is oxygen and may also be sulfur if R2 is unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl, processes for their preparation, and herbicides containing the above compounds.
1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivatives, process for making the same and compositions containing the same having growth regulating activity for plants
-
, (2008/06/13)
1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R2 and R3 have the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property without accompanying unpleasant odors.
1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id derivatives, process for making the same and composition containing the same having a growth regulating activity for plants
-
, (2008/06/13)
1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id-derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R1 has the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur and B is a univalent metal atom. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property.
