96-49-1Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides in the Presence of Organoantimony Compounds as Novel Catalysts
Nomura, Ryoki,Ninagawa, Akira,Matsuda, Haruo
, p. 3735 - 3738 (1980)
The reactions of carbon dioxide (1) with epoxides 2 to form cyclic carbonates 3 were carried out in the presence of organoantimony compounds as catalysts.Pentavalent organoantimony compounds, especially tetraphenylstibonium bromide (4b) and triphenylantimony dibromide (4d), are found to be more active catalysts than trivalent compounds, and the reactivity of compounds 2 seems to be in the following order: propylene oxide (2b) > styrene oxide (2d) > ethylene oxide (2a) > (chloromethyl)ethylene oxide (2c).The ring-opening polymerizations of 2b and 2d are also examined by using 4b and 4d, and it is found that they have no effect on the polymerization.On the basis of the results obtained, a reasonable scheme is proposed for the reaction.
Microporous Polymeric Spheres as Highly Efficient and Metal-Free Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Cyclic Organic Carbonates at Ambient Conditions
Ding, Shunmin,Sun, Ling,Ma, Xiaohua,Cheng, Dan,Wu, Shaohua,Zeng, Rong,Deng, Shengjun,Chen, Chao,Zhang, Ning
, p. 2970 - 2977 (2020)
Abstract: The cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic organic carbonates using metal-free heterogeneous catalysts is considered as a 100percent atom-economic and environmental-friendly route for CO2 utilization. Herein, we developed a metal-free microporous polymeric spheres catalyst (p-TBIB) by a simple Friedel–Crafts alkylation and applied in the cycloaddition of CO2 to cyclic organic carbonates. The catalyst shows high CO2 uptake (62.7?cm3?g?1, at 298?K and 1?bar), high selectivity over N2 (46 at 298?K) and perfect cycloaddition activities (66–97percent) and selectivities (over 99percent) and reusability (at least ten cycles) at ambient conditions (at 298?K and 1?bar). Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
A simple synthesis of ethylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and 2-chloroethanol using silica gel as a catalyst
Lyubimov, Sergey E.,Zvinchuk, Anastasia A.,Sokolovskaya, Marina V.,Davankov, Vadim A.,Chowdhury, Biswajit,Zhemchugov, Pavel V.,Arzumanyan, Ashot V.
, (2020)
A “green”, simple, technically and economically feasible synthesis of valuable ethylene carbonate from 2-chloroethanol and CO2 was developed using K2CO3 as a base, silica gel as a catalyst and under mild reaction conditions. The influence of reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, base and additives on conversion of 2-chloroethanol was studied.
Imidazolium ionic liquids/organic bases: Efficient intermolecular synergistic catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides under atmospheric pressure
Ji, Liangzheng,Luo, Zhoujie,Zhang, Yongya,Wang, Rong,Ji, Yayan,Xia, Fei,Gao, Guohua
, p. 124 - 130 (2018)
An intermolecular synergistic catalytic system consisting of ionic liquids and organic bases is developed for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides. This strategy realizes the cycloaddition takes place under atmospheric pressure of CO2 with high activity. NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations are applied to investigate the synergistic effect and reaction mechanism on molecules. Plausible ionic liquids/secondary amines and ionic liquids/tertiary amines catalyzed mechanisms are proposed and further confirmed by more detailed DFT calculations including reaction pathways and energy profiles, respectively. The procedure reported here represents a facile, cost-effective and energy-efficient route for chemical fixation of CO2 into 5-membered cyclic carbonates.
Stereochemistry of copper- and nickel-catalyzed insertion of carbon dioxide into epoxides. A microwave study
Baeckvall, Jan-E.,Karlsson, Ola,Ljunggren, Stig O.
, p. 4985 - 4988 (1980)
Reaction of trans-1,2-dideuterioethene oxide (1) with carbon dioxide, using copper and nickel catalysts, and subsequent analysis of the product ethene carbonate-d2 (2) by microwave spectroscopy, shows that the copper-catalyzed reaction is stereo-specific (retention) whereas the nickel-catalyzed reaction is non-stereospecific.
Water as an efficient medium for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate
Sun, Jian,Ren, Junyi,Zhang, Suojiang,Cheng, Weiguo
, p. 423 - 426 (2009)
Herein, we report a novel method for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate in water. By tuning the amount of water, cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide in aqueous medium leads to cyclic carbonates with moderate to excellent yields and high selectivities. In addition, the presence of water could remarkably improve the activity of ionic liquids by which the turnover frequency of the reaction is about 4-5 times higher in the presence than in the absence of water. The relationship between the higher catalytic reactivity and water was proposed.
Guanidinium salt functionalized PEG: An effective and recyclable homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides under solvent-free conditions
Dou, Xiao-Yong,Wang, Jin-Quan,Du, Ya,Wang, Er,He, Liang-Nian
, p. 3058 - 3062 (2007)
A guanidinium bromide covalently bound to CO2-philic polyethylene glycol (PEG) is proved to be a highly effective homogeneous catalyst for the eco-friendly synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides under mild conditions, which requires no additional organic solvents or co-catalyst. Notably, it has been found that there is a pronouncedly cooperative effect between the catalyst part and the support part. Moreover, the catalyst is able to be reused with retention of high catalytic activity and selectivity. This process looks promising as a strategy for homogeneous catalyst recycling. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Method for preparing cyclic carbonate from quaternary phosphonium salt
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Paragraph 0046; 0065; 0069-0076; 0084-0085; 0098-0099, (2021/08/25)
The invention provides a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate by using a quaternary phosphonium salt in order to overcome the problems of insufficient catalyst activity and low yield of a target product in the existing process for preparing a cyclic carbonate by using a quaternary phosphonium salt catalyst, and adopts the quaternary phosphonium salt shown 1 as a catalyst by using carbon dioxide and an epoxy compound as reactants. Without solvent, carbon dioxide is reacted with the epoxy compound to form a cyclic carbonate. The method for preparing the cyclic carbonate by the quaternary phosphonium salt adopts the quaternary phosphonium salt represented by the structural formula 1 as a catalyst, has obviously excellent catalytic activity, and improves the selectivity of the target product.
Method for preparing cyclic carbonate through catalysis of hydrogen bond donor functionalized polymeric ionic liquid
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Paragraph 0049-0092, (2021/02/10)
The invention provides a preparation method of a hydrogen bond donor functionalized polymerization ionic liquid catalyst, and a method for synthesizing cyclic carbonate by catalyzing CO2 and epoxide with the catalyst. According to the method, an imidazolyl ionic liquid monomer and a hydrogen bond donor monomer are subjected to cross-linking polymerization in proportion to form the polymerized ionic liquid catalyst, the catalyst can efficiently catalyze CO2 and epoxide to be converted into cyclic carbonate under the optimal reaction condition, and the yield can reach 99%. Compared with a traditional catalyst, the polymerization ionic liquid catalyst has the advantages that a hydrogen bond donor and ionic liquid are effectively combined in a free radical polymerization manner to form a heterogeneous catalyst which has the advantages of rich hydrogen bond donor, dispersed active sites, good catalytic effect, simple preparation method, good cycle performance, simple separation and the like, and huge industrial application potential is achieved.