- Synthesis, structure, third-order nonlinear optical properties and Hirshfeld surface analysis of tetrakis(azepanium) hexachlorostannate(IV) dichloride and tetrakis(azepanium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide
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The new organic-inorganic hybrids of tetrakis(azepanium) hexachlorostannate(IV) dichloride (1) and tetrakis(azepanium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide (2) crystals have been grown after slow evaporation of the solvent and characterized through single-crys
- Manonmani,Balakrishnan,Dhanalakshmi,Ahamed, S. Rafi,Vinitha,Sockalingam
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- Preparation and physicochemical study of nickel(II) thiostannate in the NiCl2-SnS2-H2O system
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Nickel(II) thiostannate is prepared in the NiCl2-SnS 2-H2O system by precipitation from solutions. Its formation temperature and homogenization time are determined. The synthesis of NiSnS3 from the ammonium acetate buffer solution is found to last 6-8 h at 80-90°C. The elemental composition of ternary nickel(II) thiostannate is detrermined by chemical analysis. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
- Mamedova,Ragimov,Sadykhov,Aliev
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- Metal-organic hybrids of tin(IV): Synthesis, crystal structure, third-order nonlinear optical properties and Hirshfeld surface analysis of bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium) hexahalostannate(IV)
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The self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrid materials such as bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium) hexachlorostannate(IV) (1) and bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium) hexabromostannate(IV) (2) have been synthesized for their huge applications in opto-non-line
- Dhanalakshmi,Balakrishnan,Ahamed, S. Rafi,Vinitha,Parthiban
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- VAPOR PHASE GROWTH OF STANNIC OXIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS
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As part of a program to evaluate stannic oxide, SnO//2, as a material for semiconductor devices that will operate in excess of 400 C, single crystals of SnO//2 have been grown from the vapor phase. The growth technique reported in this paper is comparable to that used by P. S. Schaffer to grow Al//2O//3 in that no carrier gases are used, and all reactions and growth occur at low pressure. The process described has produced SnO//2 with higher Hall mobilities and of higher purity than previously reported, and is compatible with introducing dopants during the growing process. High resistivity(greater than 100,000 ohm-cm) crystals as well as lower resistivity (0. 1 ohm-cm) n- type crystals produced by Sb doping have been grown, and crystals containing n-i junctions have also been grown.
- FONSTAD CG,LINZ A,REDIKER RH
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- AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY OF TIN(III). A FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY
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Unstable Sn(III) was produced by ultraviolet irradiation of Sn(II) or Sn(IV) chloride complex in dearated aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.The optical spectrum of the transient species, Sn(III), observed by using the technique of flash photolysis, has a absorption maximum at 280 nm in 1 mol dm-3 HCl and the lifetime is very short.The rate constant of Sn(III) oxidation with oxygen is 1.7 x 108 mol-1 dm3 s-1.
- Shinohara, Nobuyoshi,Mori, Katsuhiko,Inoue, Makoto
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- Thermochemistry of adducts of tin(IV) chloride with heterocyclic bases
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The compounds [SnCl4(L)n] (where L is pyridine (py), 4-methylpyridine (γ-pico), 3-methylpyridine (β-methylpyridine (β-pico), piperidine (pipd), morpholine (morph), piperazine (pipz), 3-cyanopyridine (3-cyanopy), 4-cyanopyridine (4-cy
- Dunstan, Pedro Oliver
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- Synthesis, structure, optical properties and Hirshfeld surface analysis of bis(azepanium) hexachlorostannate(IV)
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The organic-inorganic hybrid material bis(azepanium) hexachlorostannate(IV) (BAHCS) has been synthesized from azepanium chloride at room temperature. The hybrid was characterized by IR, TG-DTA, UV-DRS and PL spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the compound exhibited extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions among azepanium cation and SnCl62- anion. BVS of tin in BAHCS was calculated based on Sn-Cl bond distances obtained from X-ray structural analysis as 4.00, which is a formal oxidation state of 4+. This is the first report which established the formal oxidation state of tin in a hybrid material. The thermal analysis confirms the proposed formula of the compound.
- Balakrishnan, C.,Dhanalakshmi, M.,Manonmani, M.,Markkandan, R.
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- Indium-mediated regioselective synthesis of ketones from arylstannanes under solvent-free ultrasound irradiation
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The solvent-free indium-promoted reaction of alkanoyl chlorides with sterically and electronically diverse arylstannanes is a simple and direct method for the regioselective synthesis of primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl aryl ketones in good to excellent isolated yields (42-84%) under mild and neutral conditions. The protocol is also adequate for the synthesis of aryl vinyl ketones. Reaction times are drastically reduced (from 3-32 h to 10-70 min) under ultrasonic irradiation. Evidences for the involvement of a homolytic aromatic ipso-substitution mechanism, in which indium metal acts as radical initiator, are presented. It is possible the transference of two aryl groups from tin, thus improving effective mass yield, working with diarylstannanes as starting substrates.
- Lo Fiego, Marcos J.,Badajoz, Mercedes A.,Domini, Claudia,Chopa, Alicia B.,Lockhart, María T.
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p. 826 - 832
(2013/03/14)
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- Palladium-catalyzed dehydrostannylation of n-alkyltin trichlorides
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[Pd(PPh3)4] catalyzes the dehydrostannylation of n-alkyltin trichlorides into HSnCl3(THF)n and isomers of the corresponding alkene. The reaction mechanism involves oxidative addition of the Sn-C bond followed by β-H elimination from the resulting n-alkylpalladium trichlorostannyl species. Rate-determining reductive elimination of HSnCl3 from cis-[PdH(SnCl3)(PPh 3)2] completes the catalytic cycle. Organotin trichlorides without β-H atoms either do not react or undergo thermal disproportionation. These results are relevant to understand some of the problems associated with the use of monoalkyltin compounds as coupling partner in Stille-type cross-coupling reactions as well as with the catalytic hydrostannylation of 1-alkenes to monoalkyltin trichlorides. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- Cabon, Yves,Gebbink, Robertus J. M. Klein,Deelman, Berth-Jan
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p. 8651 - 8655
(2011/10/10)
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- Can mono- or di-butyltin chlorides produce tributyltin chloride at elevated temperatures? Implications for applications in chemical vapour deposition
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The thermolysis of the butyltin chlorides at 200-300 °C in the liquid phase has been investigated by 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. The stabilities follow the order: Bu2SnCl2 > Bu3SnC
- Davies, Alwyn G.,Sella, Andrea,Sivasubramaniam, Rajaveen
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p. 3556 - 3561
(2007/10/03)
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- SULFUR-CONTAINING NAPHTHOYLIMIDE DERIVATIVES
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The invention discloses novel sulfur-containing naphthalimide derivatives, and the preparation and uses thereof. The conjugated plane of naphthalimide derivatives of the invention is enlarged by incorporating 5-or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring and/or introducing S heteroatom, thus increasing the anti-tumor activity of naphthalimide. The compounds of the invention displays significant inhibiting activities to the proliferation of various tumor cells such as human lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, leucocythemia and the like. The inhibition of cell proliferation is dose-dependent.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and study of mixed tin and antimony oxides
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Coprecipitation of tin(II, IV) and antimony(III) from chloride solutions was studied by X-ray phase analysis, thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
- Arapnev, A. I.,Yukhin, Yu. M.,Malinovskaya, T. D.,Egorov, Yu. P.
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p. 1557 - 1561
(2008/10/08)
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- Process for the production of monoalkyltin trihalides
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The present invention is directed to a process for the production of monoalkyltin trihalides of the formula RSnX3, wherein R="alkyl or cycloalkyl and" X = Cl, Br or I, involving a redistribution reaction between tetraorganotins, triorganotin halides or diorganotin halides and tin tetrahalides, said process comprising contacting tetra- (R4Sn), tri- (R3SnX) or diorganotin halides (R2SnX2) with SnX4 to afford said monoorganotin trihalides in the presence of at least one transition metal complex, said complex comprising at least one transition metal, M, selected from Group VIII of the periodic Table of elements, at least one monodentate ligand or bidentate ligand, L, L' or L", and optionally one or more anions, X, of an organic or inorganic acid, as a catalyst or catalyst precursor.
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- 4-unsubstituted dihydroisoquinolinone derivatives and combinatorial libraries thereof
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The present invention relates to novel dihydroisoquinolinone (DHQ) derivative compounds of the following formula: wherein R1to R7, X, Y, Z, b, c and d have the meanings provided herein. The invention further relates to combinatorial libraries containing two or more such compounds, as well as methods of preparing DHQ derivative compounds.
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- Copper(II)/tin(II) reagent for allylation, propargylation, alkylatipn, and benzylation of disulfides and elemental sulfur: New insight into the "copper effect"
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Organic bromides and iodides react with diorganodisulfides in the presence of stannous chloride and catalytic cupric halide, giving rise to corresponding unsymmetrical sulfides. Similar reactions but with elemental sulfur provide trisulfides and tetrasulf
- Sinha, Pradipta,Kundu, Abhijit,Roy, Sujit,Prabhakar, Sripadi,Vairamani,Sankar, A. Ravi,Kunwar
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p. 157 - 162
(2008/10/08)
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- Fluorous reaction systems
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The present invention provides a method for carrying out a chemical reaction comprising the steps of forming an organic/fluorous solubilizing liquid phase comprising a solvent system. The solvent system is selected or adapted to substantially solubilize a fluorous reaction component or components (that is, a fluorous reagent, a fluorous catalyst and/or a fluorous reactant). The "fluorous reaction component" is functionalized to comprise at least one fluorous moiety having the formula -(R)d (Rf)e. (Rf)e is at least one fluorous group and e is a whole number. (R)d is an organic (for example, hydrocarbon) spacer group, which may be present or absent, and d is an integer equal to at least zero. The solvent system is also adapted to substantially solubilize an organic reaction component or components. After the reaction occurs in the organic/fluorous solubilizing liquid phase, a phase separation into at least a fluorous phase and an organic phase is effected. The present invention also provides a chemical compound of the formula XM?(R) (Rf)!3, wherein M is Ge or Sn and X is an atom or group selected to react with an organic reaction component or components.
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- Interaction of Tin Dichloride with Liquid Chlorine in Alloys of SnCl2 with Alkali Metal Chlorides
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The interaction between alloys of tin dichloride (20-25 mol %) with cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, and lithium chlorides, and liquid chlorine at a room temperature is examined. Hexachlorostannates(IV) of corresponding alkaline metals are identified by Raman spectroscopy. SnCl4 is one product of the chlorination of SnCl2 in alloys with NaCl and LiCl.
- Salyulev,Vovkotrub,Strekalovskii
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p. 631 - 632
(2008/10/08)
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- Thermal Stability of the SnCl4 · 2Py Complex
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Vapor pressure over the SnCl4 · 2 Py complex was measured. The complex was found to dissociate completely on passing into vapor. A dependence of the dissociation constant on temperature was estimated, ΔH0 and ΔS0 of the process were calculated.
- German,Sevast'yanova,Suvorov,Anatsko
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p. 1188 - 1192
(2007/10/03)
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- Photostabilization of titanium dioxide sols
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The present invention relates to neutral titanium dioxide sols which have been stabilized with hydroxycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof and are treated with metal ions, inorganic anions, complexing agents and/or oxidizing agents to improve the photostability.
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- Organotin chemistry. 16. Reactions of stannane with organic functional groups
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The reactions of stannane with a variety of organic substrates have been studied. Benzaldehyde, acetone, nitrobenzene, and 2-nitropropane are reduced to benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, aniline, and isopropylamine, respectively. With boron trifluoride etherate and benzyl chloride, stannane undergoes halogen-hydrogen exchange, while with isopropylamine and acetic acid, it is decomposed catalytically into its elements. Tetrakis(2-cyanoethyl)tin is formed by the addition of stannane to acrylonitrile. Stannane did not react with the following: (a) ethyl acetate, (b) methyl acrylate, (c) aniline, (d) triethylamine, (e) dimethylacetamide, and (f) N-ethylacetamide. The results obtained with stannane are for the most part analogous to those reported for the corresponding organotin hydrides.
- Reifenberg, Gerald H.,Considine, William J.
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p. 3015 - 3018
(2008/10/08)
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- Neutral, seven-coordinate dioxime complexes of technetium(III): Synthesis and characterization
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The tin-capped complexes 99Tc(oxime)3(μ-OH)SnCl3 [oxime = dimethylglyoxime (DMG) or cyclohexanedione dioxime (CDO)] can be prepared by the reduction of NH4TcO4 with 2 equiv of SnCl2 in the presence of dioxime and HCl. These tin-capped complexes can be readily converted into a new class of uncapped Tc-dioxime compounds, TcCl(oxime)3, by treatment with HCl. This reaction is reversible. Both the tin-capped and uncapped tris(dioxime) complexes can be converted to the previously reported boron-capped Tc-dioxime complexes TcCl(oxime)3BR (R = alkyl, OH) by reaction with boronic acids or with boric acid at low pH. All of these complexes [Tc(oxime)3(μ-OH)SnCl3, TcCl(oxime)3, and TcCl(oxime)3BR] appear to be neutral, seven-coordinate compounds of technetium(III). They have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and UV/visible spectroscopy, conductivity, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of these compounds is discussed. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of TcCl(DMG)3 and an abbreviated structure report on TcCl(DMG)3MeB are described. Crystal data for TcCl(DMG)3: a = 9.617 (1) A?, b = 12.135 (3) A?, c = 9.244 (2) A?, α = 110.24 (2)°, β = 92.36 (2)°, γ = 88.92 (2)°, space group = P1, Z = 2. Final R = 0.041; Rw = 0.047. Data for TcCl(DMG)3MeB: a = 20.290 (3) A?, b = 14.468 (2) A?, c = 16.404 (3) A?, β = 124.65 (1)°, space group = C2/c, Z = 8. Final R = 0.039; Rw = 0.044.
- Linder, Karen E.,Malley, Mary F.,Gougoutas, Jack Z.,Unger, Steve E.,Nunn, Adrian D.
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p. 2428 - 2434
(2008/10/08)
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- Organic nitriles as insect antifeedants
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Members of a novel class of organic nitriles related to an indole alkoaloid of Dithyrea wislizenii (Cruciferae) have been discovered to be potent feeding inhibitors of the fall armyworm and European corn borer.
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- Preparation of Sn$O2 single crystals by chemical transport using Cl2 and CCl4 as trasporting agents
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On the basis of thermodynamic analysis of reactions with the participation of elemental halogens and halogen-containing compounds, it was established that chlorine and especially carbon tetrachloride are suitable agents for the chemical transport of tin dioxide. The results of thermodynamic analysis are confirmed by experiments on SnO2 single-crystal growth. In the presence of CCl4, well-shaped cassiterite crystals with a maximum size of about 3 mm are obtained. Their light yellow color shows a deviation from the stoichiometric composition.
- Toshev, A.,Peshev, P.
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p. 1045 - 1052
(2008/10/08)
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- Moessbauer Spectroscopic Studies of Tin(IV) Halide Adducts with Ruthenocene and with Ferrocenophanes
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Adducts of tin(IV) halide with ferrocenophane were prepared by treating SnX4 (X=Cl or Br) with ferrocenophane in hexane.The adducts were studied by means of 57Fe- and 119Sn-Moessbauer spectroscopy and other physicochemical measurements.Anomalously large quadrupole splittings (3.49 mm s-1 for ferrocenophane-1.5SnCl4 adduct and 3.47 mm s-1 for ferrocenophane-1.5SnBr4 adduct, both at 78 degK) found in the 57Fe-Moessbauer spectroscopy and organotin(IV) species (e.g., isomer shift value, 2.14 mm s-1 for the ferrocenophane-1.5SnCl4 adduct and 2.10mm s-1 for the ferrocenophane-1.5SnBr4 adduct, both at 78 degK) found from the 119Sn-Moessbauer spectroscopy suggest that a direct chemical bonding between Fe and Sn atoms is formed in the ferrocenophane adducts, as the Ru-Sn bonding in the ruthenocene-1.5SnCl4 adduct (isomer shift value, 2.08 mm s-1 at 78 degK).
- Watanabe, Masanobu,Motoyama, Izumi,Sano, Hirotoshi
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p. 2109 - 2114
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the production of ethane and/or ethylene from methane
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Process and device for the production of ethane and/or ethylene by heterogeneous catalytic reaction of methane and oxygen using a catalyst suitable for the formation of C2 hydrocarbons at increased temperatures, whereby in continuous operation a mixture of methane and oxygen is reacted at temperatures between 500° and 900° C. and at an oxygen partial pressure of less than 0.5 bar at the reactor entrance, while the ratio of the methane partial pressure to the oxygen partial pressure is greater than 1. The conversion reaction takes place with or without gas recycling in a reactor containing a bed of solid catalyst or by the use of a fluidized bed of fluidized catalyst particles, or in a cross-flow reactor with distributed input of oxygen.
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- THE ULTRAVIOLET DEGRADATION OF THE METHYLTIN CHLORIDES IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND WATER
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The ultraviolet degradation of the methyltin chlorides in carbon tetrachloride and water has been quantitatively studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy.In the organic solvent trimethyltin chloride degraded to an inorganic tin species, via di- and mono-methyltin intermediates; in water, a monomethyltin derivative was not observed.The ultraviolet breakdown of dimethyltin dichloride and monomethyltin trichloride in these solvents was also studied, and the approximate relative rates of degradation were established.
- Blunden, Stephen J.
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p. 149 - 160
(2007/10/02)
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- Tin(IV) and Titanium(IV) Derivatives of 2-Methoxyethanol
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2-Methoxyethanol complexes of tin(IV) and titanium(IV) have been synthesized and their probable structures on the basis of the ligand conformations have been discussed with the help of spectral data.
- Kanjolia, R. K.,Gupta, V. D.
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p. 340 - 342
(2007/10/02)
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- Dehydrohalogenation of (polyhaloalkyl) benzenes with support Lewis acid catalysts
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A process for the dehydrohalogenation of a (polyhaloalkyl)benzene containing a benzylic halogen such as 1,3-dichloro-5-(2,4,4,4-tetrachlorobutyl)-benzene by contacting the (polyhaloalkyl)benzene with a Lewis acid such as AlCl3 deposited on an inert support such as silica gel or alumina under conditions sufficient to catalyze said dehydrohalogenation to form a (polyhaloalkenyl)benzene such as 3,5-dichloro-α-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)styrene.
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- Investigations of chlorination of stannic- , and ferric oxides with gaseous chlorine in the temperature range between 700 and 1050 C, (Untersuchungen ueber die Chlorierung von Zinn )IV(- oxid und Eisen)III(- oxid mit Chlorgas im Temperaturbereich von 700 bis 1050 C)
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Chlorination equilibria of SnO//2 anf Fe//2O//3 have been investigated both in pure chloride gas and in mixtures of Cl//2N//2 and Cl//2O//2. The adjustment of equilibria and the values of the equilibrium constants as a function of temperature have been determined. By kinetic studies, the activation energy of the two reactions was found and also the influence of the partial pressure of Cl//2 on the conversion velocity of tin and iron volatilization.
- DARADIMOS G,KUXMANN U
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p. 163 - 172
(2008/10/08)
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With the aid of the chevenard thermobalance the authors have traced the pyrolysis curve of the following compounds of rubidium : chloride, perchlorate, sulphate, hexanitritocobaltate, hexachlorostannate, hexachloroplatinate; they have determined the ternperatures of commencement of dissociation of these substances, shown the different behaviour of the neutral and the acid sulphates, and demonstrated that the hexamtritocobaltate (colialtinitrite) cannot be employed for gravimetric analysis and the hexachlorostannate (stannichloride) requires a special method of preparation in order to give accurate results.
- Duval, Therese,Duval, Clement
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p. 110 - 114
(2008/10/08)
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