594-61-6

Basic information

• Product Name: 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
• Synonyms: Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-;A-HYDROXY-ISO-BUTYRIC ACID;ALPHA-HYDROXYISOBUTYRIC ACID;2,2-DIMETHYLGLYCOLIC ACID;2-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPROPIONIC ACID;2-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPROPANOIC ACID;2-HYDROXYISOBUTYRIC ACID;2-METHYLLACTIC ACID
• CAS NO: 594-61-6
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O₃
• Molecular Weight: 104.1
• EINECS: 209-848-8
• Product Categories: FINE Chemical & INTERMEDIATES;Organic acids;Building Blocks;C1 to C5;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks
• Mol File: 594-61-6.mol
• Article Data: 33

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 76-80 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 84 °C1.5 mm Hg(lit.)
• Flash Point: 114°C/12mm
• Appearance: white to off-white needle-like crystals
• Density: 11412
• Vapor Pressure: 0.0398mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.4761 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: water: soluble10%, clear to very slightly hazy, colorless
• PKA: pK1:3.717 (25°C,μ=0.1)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in water, ether, alcohol, methanol and hot benzene.
• BRN: 1744739
• CAS DataBase Reference: 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid(594-61-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid(594-61-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 37/38-41-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 26-39-25-36
• WGK Germany: 3
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 594-61-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 594-61-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is used as background electrolyte for separation and detection of the metal ions by on-line cyclic voltammetry.
2. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is used as an electrolyte in the separation of the metal ions by on-line cyclic voltammetry. It is also used as a building block for the synthesis of polymers. Its conjugate base, 2-hydroxybutyrate is utilized to catabolize L-threonine as well as synthesize glutathione. Further, it is used as an indicator for the early detection insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects.
3. α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid was used as background electrolyte for separation and detection of the metal ions by on-line cyclic voltammetry.

Definition

ChEBI: A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 23, p. 1488, 1958 DOI: 10.1021/jo01104a022

General Description

α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-hydroxyisobutyric acid) is the building block for polymer synthesis. It forms complexes with Eu(III) and has been studied by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

InChI:InChI=1/C4H8O3/c1-4(2,7)3(5)6/h7H,1-2H3,(H,5,6)/p-1

Synthetic route

2-methyl-2-sulphatopropionamide (49562-37-0) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With methanesulfonic acid; water at 130℃; under 1875.19 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	99.3%
With nitromethane; water at 120℃; under 1875.19 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	98%
With water; acetic acid at 130℃; under 1875.19 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	98.8%

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile With sulfuric acid; water; 1-Nitropropane at 40 - 55℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: With water; 1-Nitropropane at 130℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	99.2%
Stage #1: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile With nitromethane; sulfuric acid; water at 40 - 55℃; for 0.25 - 0.5h; Stage #2: With nitromethane; water at 120 - 130℃; for 0.5 - 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	98%
Stage #1: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile With Nitroethane; sulfuric acid; water at 40 - 55℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: With Nitroethane; water at 120 - 130℃; for 0.75 - 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	98%

2-isopropylidene-1,3-benzodithiole (54030-60-3) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 1,2-benzenedisulfonyl dichloride (6461-76-3)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 0 - 5℃; for 2h;	A 77% B 95%

ethyl 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylethanoate (80-55-7) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In methanol; water at 20℃;	89%

cyanohydrin + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (75-86-5) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether	85%

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyl-2-sulphatopropionamide (49562-37-0) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With water; acetic acid at 115℃; under 1875.19 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 19.2% B 81.5%

chloroform (67-66-3) + acetone (67-64-1) + 1-benzyl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (53409-18-0) → poly(methacrylic acid) (79-41-4) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 2-chloro-2-methylpropanoic acid (594-58-1) + 2-(1-benzyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid (68430-08-0)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide at 49 - 54℃; Further byproducts given;	A 0.07 mol B 0.15 mol C n/a D 77.2%

(8aS)-3,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxo-3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo<2,1-c><1,4>oxazine (133585-73-6) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; water for 2h; Heating;	63%

2-methylenesuccinic acid (97-65-4) → propene (187737-37-7) + poly(methacrylic acid) (79-41-4) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + 2-oxo-propionic acid (127-17-3) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
With barium hexa-aluminate In water at 250℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;	A n/a B 50% C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a

dimethylacetylene (503-17-3) → 1-oxiranyl-ethanone (4401-11-0) + 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-one (4560-54-7) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane In acetone for 20h; Ambient temperature;	A n/a B 3% C 42%

dimethylacetylene (503-17-3) + acetone (67-64-1) → 1-oxiranyl-ethanone (4401-11-0) + 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-one (4560-54-7) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane for 20h; Ambient temperature;	A n/a B 3% C 42%
With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane for 20h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Ambient temperature;	A n/a B 3% C 42%

poly(methacrylic acid) (79-41-4) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + hex-1-ene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (5363-70-2) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 230℃; for 1h; sealed tube; Further byproducts given;	A 10.4% B n/a C n/a D n/a

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + α-(α-hydroxy-isobutyryloxy)-isobutyric acid amide (855636-80-5) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (13027-88-8)

Conditions	Yield
beim kurzem Kochen;

2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol (558-43-0) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid; vanadia; dinitrogen tetraoxide
With sodium nitrate; nitric acid; dinitrogen tetraoxide
With sodium hydroxide at 250℃;
With potassium hydroxide; water; cadmium(II) oxide

4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-one (141-79-7) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With permanganate(VII) ion

1-Nitro-2-methyl-1-propen (1606-30-0) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride

3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone (115-22-0) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With calcium chloride at 95 - 97℃;

2,5,5-trimethyl-2-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + acetophenone (98-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
Hydrolysis;

α,α'-(dinitroso-hydrazo)-di-isobutyric acid → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + α-(hydroxy-nitroso-amino)-isobutyric acid (877927-16-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium phosphate
With alkali
With sodium borate

methylbutane (78-78-4) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid

2-methyl-2,3-butanediol (5396-58-7) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid

1-bromo-3-methyl-butane-2,3-diol (134187-50-1) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid

4-bromo-2-methyl-pentane-2,3-diol → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With nitric acid

2-bromo-2-methylpropanal (13206-46-7) → 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol (558-43-0) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide

2-bromo-2-methylpropanal (13206-46-7) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With chromic acid

1-chloro-5-methyl-hexa-2,4-diene (101456-00-2) → Tetramethyl-[1,2,4,5]tetroxan (1073-91-2) + formic acid (64-18-6) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
bei der Ozonolyse;

1-chloro-5-methyl-hexa-2,4-diene (101456-00-2) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium permanganate; water
Ozonolyse;
With potassium permanganate; acetone

2-chloro-2-methylpropanoic acid (594-58-1) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 180℃;

2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (2052-01-9) → poly(methacrylic acid) (79-41-4) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water
With barium dihydroxide
With sodium hydroxide
With sodium carbonate

3,4-Dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexa-2,4-diene (88919-69-1) → 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium permanganate; potassium carbonate

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 4-bromodeacetyl colchicine → 4-bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)deacetyl colchicine

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-methyllactic acid With 1-hydroxybenzotriazol-hydrate; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 4-bromodeacetyl colchicine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃;	100%

octanol (111-87-5) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → octyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate (100386-17-2)

Conditions	Yield
With boric acid In toluene for 21h; Heating;	99%
With boric acid In toluene for 21h; Heating;	99%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + phenethylamine (64-04-0) → N-benzyl-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide (100369-89-9)

Conditions	Yield
With [2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]boronic acid In toluene for 14h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Solvent; Reflux; Molecular sieve;	99%
With dihydroxy-methyl-borane; water In toluene for 17h; Molecular sieve; Reflux;	86%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 6-chloro-1-isopropyl-3-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine → 1-(4-(6-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one

Conditions	Yield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h;	99%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (6713-72-0)

Conditions	Yield
at 182℃; under 300.03 Torr; for 10.0667h;	98.27%
With methanesulfonic acid In cyclohexane for 60h; Reflux;	67%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In toluene for 60h; Heating;	65%

α-morpholine methyltriethoxysilane (21743-27-1) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → 3,3,8,8-tetramethyl-5-(morpholin-4-iomethyl)-2,7-dioxo-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-silaspiro[4,4]nonan-5-uide

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at 20℃;	98%
In acetone at 20℃;	82.5%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + propan-1-ol-3-amine (156-87-6) → 3-hydroxypropyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate

Conditions	Yield
With propane-1,3-diyl dinitrite In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 12929 Torr; for 0.5h; Temperature;	98%

triethoxy<1-(3-piperidinopropyl)>silane (22491-67-4) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → C14H24NO6Si(1-)*H(1+)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at 20℃;	97.8%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + N,N-dimethylaminomethyltriethoxysilane (54729-82-7) → 1-(N,N-dimethylaminiomethyl)spirobi[4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo(2,5-dioxa-1-silacyclopentan)]ate

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether at 20℃;	96.3%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + Ν,Ν',Ν''-[boroxin-2,4,6-triyltris[[(1R)-3-methylbutane-1,1-diyl]imino(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)]]tris(2,5-dichlorobenzamide) (1201903-03-8) → 2,5-dichloro-N-(2-([(1R)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3-methylbutyl]amino)-2-oxoethyl)benzamide (1201902-84-2)

Conditions	Yield
In ethyl acetate at 25 - 60℃;	96%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + phenyl isothiocyanate (103-72-0) → 5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (24201-26-1)

Conditions	Yield
With silver trifluoroacetate; triethylamine In acetonitrile for 1h; Cyclization; desulfurization; Heating;	95%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 1,10-phenanthroline hydrate (5144-89-8) + zinc(II) carbonate (743369-26-8) → [Zn(2-methyllactate)(1,10-phenanthroline)2](2-methyllactate)*4H2O

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol mixt. of ZnCO3, α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, and diamine in EtOH refluxed for 4 h, allowed to cool to room temp., stirred for 1 wk; recrystd. from nethanol/isopropanol (1/1), dried under vac.; elem. anal.;	95%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 2,2-dimethyl-3-(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-2H-azirine (75755-40-7) → 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamido)-N-phenyl-N,2-dimethylpropanamide (1263796-77-5)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃;	95%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + benzyl bromide (100-39-0) → benzyl 2-(benzyloxy)-2-methylpropanoate (347400-73-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide	94%
Stage #1: 2-methyllactic acid With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: benzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃; for 16h;	47%
Stage #1: 2-methyllactic acid With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: benzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil at 20℃; for 16h;	47%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + (S)-3-methyl-4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholinehydrochloride → (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,6-dihydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-yl)propan-1-one (1207369-03-6)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 18h;	94%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + [N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-oxido-5-bromobenzyl)ethylenediamine]titanium(IV) diisopropoxide → [N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-oxido-5-bromobenzyl)ethylenediamine](2-methyl-2-oxidopropanoato)titanium(IV)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform a soln. of ligand added dropwise to a soln. of Ti complex, stirred for 15 min; evapd. (vac.), suspended in hexanes, filtered, vac.-dried overnight; elem. anal.;	94%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + benzylamine (100-46-9) → 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-benzylpropanamide (103853-77-6)

Conditions	Yield
With mesocellular siliceous foam-supported boronic acid catalyst In o-xylene at 155℃; for 5h; Sealed tube;	94%
With dihydroxy-methyl-borane; water In toluene for 12h; Molecular sieve; Reflux;	93%
With [m-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanekN1:kN4)]hexamethyldialuminum In toluene for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	60%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + phenylmethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (31166-44-6) → Benzyl 4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (670252-62-7)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 7h;	92.1%

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (2110-78-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 4-(dihydroxyboranyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide for 15h; Heating;	92%
With zinc(II) chloride at 60℃; for 6h; sealed tube;	83%
With thionyl chloride	81%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) → α-hydroxy-isobutyric acid butyl ester (816-50-2)

Conditions	Yield
With salicylaldehyde at 100℃; for 36h; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction;	92%
With copper(II) sulfate

(S)-valinol (2026-48-4) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → (S)-4,5-dihydro-α,α-dimethyl-4-isopropyloxazole-2-ethanol (155631-48-4)

Conditions	Yield
In xylene for 30h; Heating;	92%
In xylene for 30h; Condensation; Heating;	31%
In para-xylene for 28h; Heating;	22%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + 3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine (54856-83-6) → 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionamido)-N,N,2-trimethylpropionamid (111492-12-7)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile for 2h; Ambient temperature;	92%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + benzyl bromide (100-39-0) → benzyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate (19444-23-6)

Conditions	Yield
With tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h;	92%
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In acetonitrile	91%
Stage #1: 2-methyllactic acid With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil at 5 - 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: benzyl bromide With potassium iodide at 100℃; for 3h; Microwave irradiation;	83%
With tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; sodium hydrogencarbonate In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 60h;	70%
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In acetonitrile

d(4)-methanol (811-98-3) + 2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) → C5H7(2)H3O3

Conditions	Yield
With 4-(dihydroxyboranyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide for 15h; Reflux;	92%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-4-phenylbutanamide → 5-(4-phenylbutanamido)pentyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate

Conditions	Yield
With boric acid In toluene for 22h; Heating;	91%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + ethylene glycol (107-21-1) → 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester (868-77-9)

Conditions	Yield
calcinated cesium carbonate and titan oxide on silica at 320℃; Gas phase;	90.4%
calcinated cesium nitrate on silica In water at 320℃; Gas phase;	89.2%
at 320℃; Gas phase;	88%

2-methyllactic acid (594-61-6) + N-(2-adamantyl)amine (13074-39-0) → N-adamantan-2-yl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionamide

Conditions	Yield
With 4-methyl-morpholine; benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Condensation;	90%

Upstream product

• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 855636-80-5 α-(α-hydroxy-isobutyryloxy)-isobutyric acid amide 
• 141-79-7 4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-one 
• 1606-30-0 1-Nitro-2-methyl-1-propen 
• 115-22-0 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone 
• 78-78-4 methylbutane 
• 5396-58-7 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol 
• 134187-50-1 1-bromo-3-methyl-butane-2,3-diol 
• 13206-46-7 2-bromo-2-methylpropanal 
• 594-58-1 2-chloro-2-methylpropanoic acid 
• 2052-01-9 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid 
• 88919-69-1 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexa-2,5-diene 
• 95-92-1 oxalic acid diethyl ester 
• 67-64-1 acetone 

Downstream Products

• 2110-78-3 methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate 
• 626-85-7 sulfurous acid dibutyl ester 
• 80-55-7 ethyl 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylethanoate 
• 10290-01-4 2-phenylethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate 
• 100784-53-0 6-hydroxy-2,4-diphenyl-nicotinonitrile 
• 32049-50-6 3,3,8,8-tetramethyl-5-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ⁵-arsa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione 
• 2049-12-9 5,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one 
• 13222-26-9 2-chloroisobutyryl chloride 
• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 7595-58-6 α-hydroxy-isobutyric acid p-toluidide 
• 882-33-7 diphenyldisulfane 
• 110534-25-3 2-(5-methyl-1(3)H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-propan-2-ol 
• 19444-21-4 allyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate 
• 2760-38-5 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionanilide 

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A simple synthetic route for the preparation of tetramethylglycolide from lactic acid

Poly(tetramethylglycolide), a chemical recyclable polymer, is currently attracting a lot of interest as a substitute for poly(Llactic acid). We report here a simple and convenient route for the synthesis of tetramethylglycolide (TMG) from lactic acid. This method involves three steps: (1) one-step protection of lactic acid by cyclic acetalization employing acetone; (2) -methylation of the obtained 2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one; and (3) one-pot synthesis of TMG including the hydrolysis of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3-dioxolan-4-one. We found significant advantages of the incorporation of existing reactions in the synthesis of TMG.

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHYLSUCCINIC ACID AND THE ANHYDRIDE THEREOF FROM CITRIC ACID

A process for the preparation of methylsuccinic acid in any form, including its salts, its mono- and diester derivatives and the anhydride thereof, which comprises reacting citric acid or a derivative thereof in decarboxylation conditions, said process comprising (i) reacting citric acid or mono- and diester derivatives thereof in a non- aqueous solvent, specifically excluding alcohols, on a metallic catalyst at a temperature between 50 to 400°C and under a partial hydrogen pressure from 0.1 to 50 bar or (ii) reacting citric acid or any salt thereof or mono-, di- and triester derivatives thereof on a metallic catalyst in solvents comprising at least 5% water, at a temperature of from 50 to 400°C under a hydrogen partial pressure from 0.1 to 400 bar

Flow-Assisted Synthesis: A Key Fragment of SR 142948A

We report a series of multi-step flow operations to deliver an advanced hydrazine intermediate used in the assembly of the neurotensin modulator SR 142948A. Several new reactor configurations have enabled chemical transformations that would be otherwise difficult or dangerous to perform at scale. Overall the flow approach has allowed the preparation of kilogram quantities of the required hydrazine through a short and efficient route.