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XiRelevant articles and documents
All total 129 Articles be found
All total 129 Articles be found-
Hoffman,Schlessinger
, p. 1245 (1971)
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Nickel promoted functionalization of CO2 to anhydrides and ketoacids
Greenburg, Zoe R.,Jin, Dong,Williard, Paul G.,Bernskoetter, Wesley H.
, p. 15990 - 15996 (2014)
The reductive functionalization of carbon dioxide into high value organics was accomplished via the coupling with carbon monoxide and ethylene/propylene at a zerovalent nickel species bearing the 2-((di-t-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine ligand (PN). An initial oxidative coupling between carbon dioxide, olefin, and (PN)Ni(1,5-cyclooctadiene) afforded five-membered nickelacycle lactone species, which were produced with regioselective 1,2-coupling in the case of propylene. The propylene derived nickelacycle lactone was isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Addition of carbon monoxide, or a combination of carbon monoxide and diethyl zinc to the nickelacycle lactone complexes afforded cyclic anhydrides and 1,4-ketoacids, respectively, in moderate to high yields. The primary organometallic product of the transformation was zerovalent (PN)Ni(CO)2. This journal is
Heterogeneous catalysts for the cyclization of dicarboxylic acids to cyclic anhydrides as monomers for bioplastic production
Rashed, Md. N.,Siddiki,Ali, Md. A.,Moromi, Sondomoyee K.,Touchy, Abeda S.,Kon, Kenichi,Toyao, Takashi,Shimizu, Ken-Ichi
, p. 3238 - 3242 (2017)
Cyclic anhydrides, key intermediates of carbon-neutral and biodegradable polyesters, are currently produced from biomass-derived dicarboxylic acids by a high-cost multistep process. We present a new high-yielding process for the direct intramolecular dehydration of dicarboxylic acids using a reusable heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst, Nb2O5·nH2O. Various dicarboxylic acids, which can be produced by a biorefinery process, are transformed into the corresponding cyclic anhydrides as monomers for polyester production. This method is suitable for the production of renewable polyesters in a biorefinery process.
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Windholz,T.B.,Clements,J.B.
, p. 3021 - 3023 (1964)
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Clay catalysis: A convenient and rapid formation of anhydride from carboxylic acid and isopropenyl acetate under microwave irradiation
Villemin,Labiad,Loupy
, p. 419 - 424 (1993)
The Montmorillonite KSF catalyses the synthesis of anhydrides from carboxylic acids in the presence of isopropenyl acetate under microwave irradiations.
Mechanism of synthesis of maleic and succinic anhydrides by carbonylation of acetylene in solutions of palladium complexes
Bruk,Oshanina,Kozlova,Temkin,Odintsov
, p. 1071 - 1083 (1998)
The mechanism of synthesis of maleic and succinic anhydrides from acetylene and CO in the PdBr2 - LiBr - organic solvent catalytic system was studied using the procedure of advancement and discrimination of hypotheses. The hypotheses were obtained using the data bank on elementary steps and the Comb1 combinatorial program. The discrimination of the hypotheses was based on the data of NMR and IR spectroscopy, studies of isotope exchange, the role of potential organic intermediates, the kinetic isotope effect, and one-factor kinetic experiments. The most probable mechanism of synthesis of maleic anhydride includes insertion of acetylene and CO into the Pd - Pd bond of the Pd1 complex, which is formed from Pd11 at the initial step of the process. Succinic anhydride results from the intramolecular transformation of the hydride complex of palladium and maleic anhydride. The palladium hydride complexes detected in the contact solution apparently play the crucial role in the conjugation of oxidation, reduction, and addition type reactions.
Gas-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to γ-butyrolactone at atmospheric pressure over Cu-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst
Yu, Yang,Guo, Yanglong,Zhan, Wangcheng,Guo, Yun,Wang, Yanqin,Wang, Yunsong,Zhang, Zhigang,Lu, Guanzhong
, p. 77 - 81 (2011)
Cu-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst, prepared by co-precipitation method, was investigated for the gas-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to γ-butyrolactone (GBL) at atmospheric pressure and the catalyst deactivation was also studied. Effects of catalyst composition, reaction temperature, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of raw material on the catalytic performance of Cu-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst were investigated. The catalyst (molar ratio of Cu:Ce:Al = 1:1:2) showed better catalytic performance, in which both the conversion of MA and the selectivity of GBL kept 100% within two hours under the reaction conditions of 6 mL catalyst, 0.1 MPa, 220-280 °C, 30 mL min-1 H2, 0.6 h-1 LHSV of 20 wt.% MA/GBL. As for Cu-CeO2-Al 2O3 catalyst, smaller crystallite size of Cu and higher Cu surface area are favorable to increase its catalytic performance. The deactivation of Cu-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst is due to formation of the compact wax-like deposition on the catalyst surface, which is probably ascribed to the strong adsorption of succinic anhydride and then polymerization on the catalyst surface. The catalytic performance of the regenerated catalyst can be recovered completely by the regeneration method of N2-air-H2 stage treatment.
Ni/Al2O3 catalysts derived from spinel NiAl2O4 for low-temperature hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride
Li, Jie,Ren, Yuanhang,Yue, Bin,He, Heyong
, p. 1166 - 1173 (2017)
Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were derived from spinel NiAl2O4 with different Ni content ((2.5, 5 and 7.5) wt%). The catalysts were obtained by H2 reduction and were investigated for the low-temperature hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to produce succinic anhydride (SA). The characterization results showed that Ni0 active sites were mainly derived during the H2 reduction from spinel NiAl2O4. Among the catalysts studied, employing the optimum preparation and reaction conditions with Ni(5%)/Al2O3 yielded the highest catalytic performance. A near-100% conversion of MA and ～90% selectivity to SA were achieved at 120 °C and 0.5 MPa of H2 with a weighted hourly space velocity (MA) of 2 h?1.
Active ruthenium catalysts prepared by Cacumen Platycladi leaf extract for selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride
Huang, Yangqiang,Ma, Yao,Cheng, Youwei,Wang, Lijun,Li, Xi
, p. 124 - 130 (2015)
Ruthenium-based catalysts were prepared by a biogenic method via Cacumen Platycladi leaf extract and tested in the liquid phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to the corresponding succinic anhydride. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying the Ru loading, reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, reaction time and organic solvents to achieve the superb catalytic performance. Reusability tests and comparison with commercial catalysts were also studied on the biosynthesized Ru-based catalysts. Furthermore, a variety of characterization techniques, such as TEM, HRTEM, EDS and XPS showed the effectively introduction of ruthenium nanoparticles into the carbon supports. The analyses of FTIR and TG confirmed that the plant extract served as both reducing and protecting agents.
Continuous-Flow Production of Succinic Anhydrides via Catalytic β-Lactone Carbonylation by Co(CO)4?Cr-MIL-101
Park, Hoyoung D.,Dinca, Mircea,Román-Leshkov, Yuriy
, p. 10669 - 10672 (2018)
Industrial synthesis of succinic acid relies on hydrocarbon oxidation or biomass fermentation routes that suffer from energy-costly separation processes. Here we demonstrate an alternate route to succinic anhydrides via β-lactone carbonylation by heterogeneous bimetallic ion-pair catalysis in Co(CO)4--incorporated Cr-MIL-101 (Co(CO)4Cr-MIL-101, Cr-MIL-101 = Cr3O(BDC)3F, H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). Postsynthetically introduced Co(CO)4- facilitates CO insertion to β-lactone substrates activated by the Lewis acidic Cr(III) centers of the metal-organic framework (MOF), leading to catalytic carbonylation with activity and selectivity profiles that compare favorably to those reported for homogeneous ion-pair catalysts. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of the MOF catalyst enables continuous production of succinic anhydride through a packed bed reactor, with room temperature β-propiolactone carbonylation activity of 1300 molAnhydride·molCo-1 over 6 h on stream. Simple evaporation of the fully converted product stream yields the desired anhydride as isolated solids, highlighting the unique processing advantages conferred by this first example of heterogeneous β-lactone carbonylation pathway.
A convenient method for synthesis of symmetrical acid anhydrides from carboxylic acids with trichloroacetonitrile and triphenylphosphine
Kim,Jang
, p. 395 - 399 (2001)
Various carboxylic acids are converted into the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides treated with trichloroacetonitrile and triphenylphosphine in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature.
Maleic anhydride hydrogenation to succinic anhydride over mesoporous Ni/TiO2 catalysts: Effects of Ni loading and temperature
Torres, Cecilia C.,Alderete, Joel B.,Mella, Claudio,Pawelec, Barbara
, p. 441 - 448 (2016)
Catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride for the production of succinic anhydride can be a viable alternative to the higher energetic demand route based in the dehydration of succinic acid. In this sense, the metallic Ni catalysts supported on mesoporous TiO2 (anatase) substrate demonstrated to be very active and 100% selective in the liquid phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to succinic anhydride (SA). The catalysts, which were prepared via wet impregnation method with different Ni loading (5, 10 and 15?wt.%), were characterized by chemical analysis (ICP-AES), N2 physical adsorption-?desorption, H2-?temperature programmed reduction (H2-?TPR)?, X-ray diffraction (XRD)?, high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ni species interaction with support was investigated by TPR and by performing five catalyst recycling tests. After catalyst activation by reduction, the increase of Ni particle size with an increase of Ni loading was relatively small (from 6.9 to 8.9?nm) due to enhance of the metal-support interaction. After the first catalytic cycle, the optimized 5%Ni/TiO2 catalyst showed a small decrease in the Ni loading attributed to metal leaching during time course of reaction. Besides this, the 5%Ni/TiO2 catalyst exhibited a good stability during five continuous cycles with a very high yield of SA after 5 cycles. Finally, temperature experiments performed for the best system shown that the reaction temperature does not affect the SA selectivity in the temperature range studied (323?K–398?K).
NICKEL(0)-INDUZIERTE C-C-VERKNUEPFUNG ZWISCHEN KOHLENDIOXID UND ETHYLEN SOWIE MONO- ODER DI-SUBSTITUIERTEN ALKENEN
Hoberg, Heinz,Schaefer, Dietmar
, p. C51 - C53 (1983)
The nickel(0)-induced coupling of CO2 with ethylene or with mono- or di-substituted alkenes is described.The regioselectivity of this reaction has been determined.
New catalytic systems for oxidative carbonylation of acetylene to maleic anhydride
Bruk,Kozlova,Marshakha,Oshanina,Temkin,Kaliya
, p. 1875 - 1881 (1999)
A classification of polyfunctional catalytic systems based on discrimination of the main component (the catalyst participating in all stages of the formation of the product of catalytic reaction) and elucidating the functions of additional components of a catalytic system is suggested. The role of additional components in a number of new palladium-based catalytic systems used in the synthesis of maleic anhydride by oxidative carbonylation of acetylene was studied. It was established that the functions of Co and Fe phthalocyanine complexes (PcCo and Pc*Fe, respectively) in the mechanism of the process are different.
Selective liquid-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride on biosynthesized Ru-based catalysts
Ma, Yao,Huang, Yangqiang,Cheng, Youwei,Wang, Lijun,Li, Xi
, p. 40 - 44 (2014)
Ru-based catalysts, supported on activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, were synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly bioreduction method and tested in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride. Over 2.0% Ru/AC, succinic anhydride was produced with a maximum yield of 99.2% without further hydrogenation to γ-butyrolactone. Well-defined spherical shapes with uniform small size of Ru nanoparticles and the residual plant biomass were responsible for the excellent catalytic activities and stabilities.
Quantitative Evaluation of the gem-Dimethyl Effect on the Succinic Acid Anhydride Equilibrium. Conformations of the Acids and Anhydrides by Empirical Force Field Calculations
Ivanov, Petko M.,Pojarlieff, Ivan G.
, p. 245 - 250 (1984)
In order to evaluate quantitatively the gem-dimethyl effect on the succinic acid anhydride equilibrium, the conformations of succinic acid and its 2-methyl-, racemic 2,3-dimethyl-, tetramethyl-, and racemic 2,3-di-t-butyl-derivatives have been calculated by means of Allinger's 1977 empirical force field.An extension of the field was developed to calculate the conformations of the respective anhydrides.The calculated preferred conformations compare well with existing experimental data.No low-energy hydrogen-bonded minima for the acids were obtained.Increased substitution in the acids caused conformational changes facilitating ring closure: smaller torsion angles of conformations with gauche carboxy groups, favourable bond length and angle deformations, and a reduced number of preferred conformations.In the anhydrides, substitution leads to a twist around the C(2)-C(3) bond of the ring.The ΔΔH values estimated for the diacid anhydride equilibria agree well with experimental data in water indicating that the main cause of the observed gem-dimethyl effect in the anhydrides is relief of intramolecular strain arising on substitution in the acids.
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Akimoto,Echigoya
, p. 278 (1973)
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Conversion of succinic acid over Ni and Co catalysts
Rojas, Mabel,Zarate, Ximena,Canales, Roberto I.,Dongil, Ana Belen,Pazo, Cesar,Saavedra-Torres, Mario,Escalona, Néstor
, p. 165 - 176 (2021)
Liquid-phase hydrogenation of succinic acid (SA) over supported Ni and Co catalysts was investigated at 200 °C and 6 MPa of H2. Reduced and passivated catalysts with the same surface metal density (2.5 atoms of metal per nm2 of support) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), CO-chemisorption, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3). The Ni and Co catalysts supported over SiO2 showed different product distribution, due to the adsorption of the SA over the surface of catalysts, determined by DFT calculations. The Co/SiO2, Co/SiO2-Al2O3, and Co/Al2O3 catalysts showed different product distribution, which was correlated with total acidity from TPD-NH3 results. In general, the Co catalysts promoted the hydrogenation process; however, the highest total acidity showed by Co/Al2O3 also promoted the dehydration process. Finally, the initial rate follows the trend according to the dispersion determined by CO-chemisorption.
Rhodium-catalysed, Carbon Dioxide-mediated Aerobic Oxidation of Ethers
Fazlur-Rahman, A. K.,Tsai, Jing-Cherng,Nicholas, Kenneth M.
, p. 1334 - 1335 (1992)
In the presence of carbon dioxide (NBD = 2,5-norbornadiene) 1 catalyses the aerobic oxidation of ethers to esters with coproduction of formic acid.
Synthesis of succinic anhydride from maleic anhydride on Ni/diatomite catalysts
Guo, Shaofei,Shi, Li
, p. 137 - 141 (2013)
The characteristics and catalytic properties of Ni(5 wt%)/diatomite, Ni(5 wt%)/γ-Al2O3, Ni(5% wt)/Bentonite clay and Ni(5 wt%)/attapulgite clay were investigated and compared in terms of catalytic activities for liquid-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA). The results showed that the diatomite support exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Using Ni(7 wt%)/diatomite catalyst, the 100% conversion of MA and 96.20% selectivity to SA were obtained for MA hydrogenation at 190 C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that there is only NiO on the support and no elemental nickel (Ni0) and Ni2O3 was detected in unreduced samples. XRD and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) studies also showed that NiO species were all converted to metallic nickel (Ni0) after reduction at 350 C.
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Froeschl,Maier
, p. 256,271, 272 (1932)
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Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride over nickel/clay catalysts
Guo, Shaofei,Tian, Weiping,Shi, Li
, p. 757 - 763 (2012)
Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to succinic anhydride (SA) over Ni/clay catalysts prepared by an impregnation method has been studied at different temperatures, Ni contents, pressures and weighted hourly space velocity (WHSV). The catalytic activity was greatly influenced by the temperature, Ni content, WHSV and pressure. A 97.1 % MA conversion with 99.6 % selectivity to SA was obtained over 5 %wt catalyst at 180 °C and at a pressure of 1 MPa H2. The catalysts were characterized by an array of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD and TPR studies showed that nickel was present as Ni2? species on the support. Increasing the calcination temperature up to 650 °C led to the destruction of the support structure, as observed by TGA, while a calcination temperature of 550 °C gave the best results. Catalyst deactivation studies showed that the catalyst has a long lifetime, the yield of SA remaining better than 90 % even after a reaction time of 60 h. Studies on the catalyst induction showed that the presence or absence of an induction period was determined by the type of hydrogenation catalyst. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012.
Carbon Dioxide as Modulator of the Oxidative Properties of Dioxygen in the Presence of Transition Metal Systems
Aresta, Michele,Fragale, Carlo,Quaranta, Eugenio,Tommasi, Immacolata
, p. 315 - 317 (1992)
In the presence of transition metal ( Fe, Rh) catalysts, CO2 can modulate the oxidative properties of O2 towards tetrahydrofuran (THF) and styrene; the intermediate formation of metal-peroxocarbonate species, , seems to play a key role in these processes.
Pd/BN catalysts for highly efficient hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride
Cao, Zhou,Sheng, Guangzhe,Sun, Changyong,Wang, Jiandian,Xia, Wenjun,Xie, Xiaowei
, (2022/01/03)
A 0.33 wt% Pd/BN catalyst has been proved highly active for the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to succinic anhydride (SA) at room temperature and highly selective to SA within a wide temperature range, far beyond the Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/MgO catalysts. An SA productivity of 6000 KgSA KgPd?1 h?1 and a high TOF value of 9.0 s?1 can be achieved at room temperature on the Pd/BN, and the high SA selectivity over 99.7% can be retained at the reaction temperature up to 150 oC. Detailed structural characterizations and reactant-adsorption/desorption tests have demonstrated that the support effect on MA hydrogenation is related not only to the adsorption configurations of MA on Pd, which exhibits the indirect effect of the support via the electronic interaction with Pd, but also to the direct adsorption of MA on the support itself. In particular, for our catalysts with the low Pd loading, the difference of metal centers is largely masked by the adsorption of the support itself. For the Pd/BN, the predominant MA adsorption on Pd through a di-σ mode, the weak MA adsorption with a small amount on BN, and a high H-spillover ability are responsible for its high activity and selectivity. Moreover, it has been also revealed that the catalyst prereduction temperature can change the catalytic performance of the Pd/BN through an integrated effect including the removal of residual chlorine on Pd and the growth of Pd particles.
MENTHOL DERIVATIVE-CONTAINING COMPOSITION
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Paragraph 0055, (2021/04/09)
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a menthol derivative-containing composition that suppresses a menthol-derived odor and sustains a refreshed feeling. SOLUTION: A composition contains (A) a menthol derivative or an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt thereof, and (B) menthol or an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt thereof. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2021,JPOandINPIT
